Tons of beautiful pictures! "Sea Fault Map" - Ancient Marine Life Atlas

The Sea Mistake Map is a set of maps drawn by the painter Nie Huang during the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty. Nie Huang (聂璜), also known as Cun'an (字存庵), was a native of Qiantang, Zhejiang, whose birth and death years are unknown, and whose main activities were during the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, who later lived in Wenzhou and Taizhou, and later visited the Fujian seashore, and also traveled to Yunnan, Guizhou, and Hubei provinces. Specializing in sea mistakes, he often asked fishermen, old people, and Jia people about what they had seen and experienced in aquariums.

The book describes 353 species of marine life, and the animal section covers almost all the main taxa of invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as many marine plants. The book not only has a meticulous and colorful and imaginative brush painting, but also the author's field observation records and literature examination after more than ten years. Nie Huang used vivid pictures and texts to record the various creatures he had seen and heard with his own eyes and ears along the coast of China. Limited by the times, the book is exaggerated, but it is funny and loved by the emperors of the Qing Dynasty. The Sea Mistake Map is divided into four volumes, and because it is extremely precious, it is particularly rare to publish.

Book I

Sea mandarin fish

[sic] Where the fish produced in the rivers and lakes are produced in the sea, there is also one mandarin fish, but the first thorny and gorgeous is different ears. "Erya Wing" said: "Whoever belongs to cattle and sheep has a belly and can chew." Fish have no belly and do not chew, mandarin fish have a unique belly to chew. ”

The sea mandarin fish has a broader body, flattened sides with irregular dark brown spots and patches, a bulging back, a large mouth, and a jaw longer than the upper jaw. Its dorsal fin is divided into two parts, connected to each other, with hard spines at the front and soft fin strips at the rear.

[Translation] But where the fish in the freshwater of the rivers and lakes, there are also in the sea, mandarin fish is an example, but compared with freshwater mandarin fish, the sea mandarin fish has more spines on the head and the appearance is more gorgeous. The Erya Wing says, "Animals of cattle and sheep can chew because they have stomachs." Fish do not have a stomach, so they cannot chew, only mandarin fish have a stomach and can chew."

flying fish

[sic] Kangxi Ding ugly, Minzhi Changxi can see that it is a fish. See you again. The two strokes are red from the tail, the scales around the body, both red, the head is thorny, and the natives call it "flying fish". Kao "Erya Wing" said: "Wen ray out of the South China Sea, the large one is about a foot long, has wings and tails, also known as 'flying fish'. Flocks fly on the water, and the sea people wait for it, when there is a strong wind. Zuo Si "Wu Dufu", "Wen Ray flies at night and touches Lun", that is, this is also. The "Zihui Fish Department" has the word "", which is noted: "Fish, like a carp." "Carp, crucian carp also." Now the fish is not big, just like a crucian carp.

Flying fish, strange shape, pectoral fin is particularly developed, like the wings of birds. It can jump more than ten meters out of the water and stay in the air for tens of seconds. On the vast surface of the sea, the picture of flying fish looming from time to time and breaking the waves is spectacular.

In the thirty-sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, someone saw flying fish at the mouth of the Changxi River in Fujian Province. Thirty-eight years after the Kangxi Dynasty, someone saw a flying fish again. The pectoral fin of the flying fish is red, protruding from the tail of the fish, and the whole body is covered with scales, all of which are red, and there are thorns on the head, which the locals call "flying fish". According to the Erya Wing, "The Mandarin Ray is produced in the South China Sea, the largest is more than a foot long, the shark fin and tail are flush, also known as 'flying fish'. Fishermen saw a flock of flying fish jump out of the sea and knew that there would be a strong wind coming. Zuo Si's "Wu Dufu" pen "Wen Ray Flying Out of the Sea at Night, Touching the Fishing Line Between Heaven and Earth" is exactly to describe this matter. The "Zihui Fish Department" contains the word "", and the annotation says, "This is a fish like a carp", and the fish is a crucian carp. And the "flying fish" is not big, it is like crucian carp.

Book II

Dragon shark

[sic] Hidden Dragon Shark, cyan with yellow and black dots. The head is round like a tiger shark, and the mouth is uneven. There are yellow nails on the dorsal skin, and the hexagons are like turtle patterns and pointed, with a total of three rows of length.

This fish is unknown in Zhejiang Sea, and there are many in Guangdong. Visit this fish, where seven to change their manuscripts. After the continuation, Funing Chen Yiren knew the details and began to revise. However, the yellow armor is hexagonal and pointed, and the flat painting loses its original. Now the special back armor is completely exposed, so that the side of the side is oblique, showing its tip. That is, the front is also depicted in the light and deep color of the shape. Although the painting is not worked, but the intention is painstaking, the knower argues. Zhang Hanyi said that this fish is the sturgeon and the like. However, sturgeon have a long nose and a mouth under the abdomen, which is not the case with fish today.

The hidden dragon shark is mostly found in the waters of Guangdong. It is cyan throughout and covered with small round spots of yellow and black, and has three sharp and raised hexagonal yellow tortoiseshell pieces on the back, which is extremely gorgeous and beautiful.

The hidden dragon shark, with small spots of blue and yellowish black, has a head that resembles a tiger shark but is more rounded, with several cracks of varying sizes and unevenness in the mouth; and a hexagonal yellow carapace on the dorsal skin, much like a turtle pattern, and three rows of long and short spikes.

This fish has never been seen in zhejiang waters, but is very common in Guangdong. When I examined its original appearance, I revised the drawing seven times, but fortunately I later met Chen Yiren, a Funing man who had seen the Hidden Dragon Shark with his own eyes, so that the drawing was finalized. However, it was difficult to draw sharp and raised pieces of armor in flat painting, so I had to find a way to expose all the dorsal armor, so that it was sideways on the side, showing a pointed appearance, and at the same time using different shades of color on the front to show the height. Although I didn't paint very well, I also took a lot of effort, hoping that people of insight would be able to see it. Zhang Hanyi said that this fish belongs to the sturgeon. But the sturgeon has a long nose and a mouth on the lower abdomen, which does not resemble the appearance of the dragon shark.

Book III

Pine stone

[sic] Pine stone, also composed of oysters. Stone as fine lines, the body around the trick such as pine patterns, raised in water, and morel stone and can collect water straight up from the hole, so its stone plant small trees often do not wither. This stone, also known as the morel stone of the sea people.

Pine stone, the surface has a fine pattern, and covered with pine tree pattern-like holes, can absorb water and raise stones, so you can also use it to plant trees, the tree will not dry up. It is said that pine stone is made from oysters.

Pine stone is also made of oysters. The stone has a fine texture and is covered with small holes, and the pattern is similar to that of a pine tree. Raising it in water can absorb water through small holes like a morel stone, so planting trees in this stone will not wither. Fishermen also call it morel stone.

Crested turtle

[sic] Yu de Lingnan crested turtle map, four eyes, six feet and red. Examination of the "Huanyu Chronicle": "Gaozhou has a crested turtle, shaped like a lung, with four eyes and six feet and spitting beads. "The "Cantonese Chronicle" is also contained, which can be proved at the same time.

Crested turtle, named after its all-red color. It looks like a human lung with four eyes and six feet, and can spit pearls.

I got an image of the Lingnan crested turtle with four eyes, six feet, and all over red. The Taiping Huanyu Chronicle says: "There are crested turtles in Gaozhou, which look like lungs, have four eyes and six feet, and spit out pearls. "The Cantonese Chronicle is also recorded and can be verified together.

Book IV

Suhe snail

[sic] Su he snail, although produced in The Fujian Sea, is not much. Its shape is like a cockle shell layered, and the height and depth are dense and uniform, so that the craftsman has the heart to skeletonize it, and I am afraid that the exquisite will not go so far. Also known as "silk cockle snail".

Suhe snail, produced in the fujian sea, but relatively rare. Its shell is like a folded robe, but also like a layered, neat shell, very magical.

Although it is produced in the waters of Fujian, it is less common. Its shape is like layers of shells, high and low, dense and suitable, I am afraid that even after the craftsmanship of the craftsman, it will not be so exquisite. Suhe snail is also known as "silk cockle snail".

Mirror crab

[sic] Mirror crab, round shape, white color, its back is also flat, so it is named "mirror". Stretch its pincer foot, then a crab also; if the claw foot is under the abdomen, it is like a stone. Produced on Funing South Road at the end of the lake.

Mirror crab, named after its carapace and smooth back as a mirror. When the claws and legs of this crab are exposed, it is like a crab; when its pincers and legs are shrunk, it is like a stone.

The carapace of the mirror crab is white and round, and the back is smooth as a mirror, hence the name. When its pliers and legs are stretched out, it is no different from a crab; once it has shrunk its pliers and legs under its abdomen, it is simply a stone. This crab is mostly produced in the sea near Huwei Village on Funing South Road.