Common disease control technology of Yellow Eel culture in Jiangxi
Liu Guanggen
Yellow eels, commonly known as eels, belong to the fish, zygotes, zygotes, and subfamily of zygotes in animal taxonomy. Its meat is smooth and delicious, with rich nutritional value and high medicinal value, which is deeply loved by consumers and also brings higher economic benefits to farmers. In recent years, due to excessive fishing, cage fishing and electric fishing, the wild resources of yellow eel have been seriously damaged, so the development of artificial breeding of yellow eel has received more and more attention.
With the development of yellow eel breeding technology and the continuous expansion of production scale, the occurrence of yellow eel disease has become one of the "bottlenecks" in the development of aquaculture; the author has accumulated and summarized the common diseases and prevention and control technologies in the production of yellow eel culture and production for your reference in the long-term research and production practice of aquaculture.
1 Rot disease (erythroderma)
1.1 Cause: Caused by infection with Xenoptera lucidum.
1.2 Symptoms: The sick eel is weak in movement, sticks its head out of the water throughout the day, does not enter the hole for a long time, is inflamed with local or most of the bleeding on the surface of the body, accompanied by red plaques; the skin on both sides of the abdomen is eroded, the tail is rotten, the intestine is hyperemia and inflammation, and finally the emaciated death. The disease is most harmful to yellow eel farming and can cause mass deaths.
1.3 Control methods: (1) use quicklime 150-200kg/mu or bleaching powder 15-20kg/mu before seed release, thoroughly clear the pond for disinfection; (2) before stocking eel seedlings, soak with 3%-4% saline solution for 5-10 minutes; (3) use 1-2mg/L bleach powder or 0.2-0.4mg/L of strong chlorine to sprinkle the whole tank.
2 Bacterial rot disease
2.1 Cause: Caused by aeromonas infection.
2.2 Symptoms: After the tail of the yellow eel is injured, the bacteria are infected by skin contact, and after infection, the tail stalk is engorged and inflamed, eroded, and the tail rots in severe cases; muscle bleeding, ulceration, bone exposure, the sick eel is unresponsive, the head is often exposed to the water, and finally loses the ability to move and dies.
2.3 Prevention and control methods: (1) during transportation, to prevent mechanical damage; (2) stocking density should not be too large; (3) improve water quality and environmental health conditions; (4) with 10mg/L of chlorine dioxide drug bathing eel for 10 minutes; (4) every 100kg of yellow eel with 10 grams of oxytetracycline mix feeding feeding, once a day, even feeding for 7 days.
3 Bacterial enteritis disease
3.1 Cause: Caused by intestinal punctate aeromonas infection.
3.2 Symptoms: Sick eels swim alone, swim slowly, the eel body is black, the head is particularly severe, the abdomen appears erythema, and the appetite is reduced. In the early stage of the disease, the intestinal tract can be opened to reveal local congestion and inflammation of the intestinal tract, there is no food in the intestine, and there is more mucus in the intestine. In the later stages of the disease, it can be seen that the entire intestine is red, the elasticity of the intestinal wall is poor, there is no food in the intestine, only yellowish mucus, and the anus is red and swollen. When the disease is severe, the abdomen is swollen, such as lifting the head of the diseased eel, that is, there is yellow mucus flowing out of the anus, and it will soon die, and the mortality rate is very high.
3.3 Control methods: (1) During the onset of the disease, sprinkle with 1-2mg/L bleaching powder in the whole pond, and at the same time use 30g of garlic every day for every 100kg of yellow eels to be mixed with garlic every day, fed in 2 times, fed for 5 days; or per 100kg of yellow eels with 10g of oxytetracycline, fed for 5-7 days; (2) every 100kg of yellow eels with spicy tart 5kg, mint leaves 3kg, boiling water in the whole pool, repeat once after 15 days; (3) every 100kg of yellow eels with dry ground brocade 0.5kg or fresh spicy indigo 2-4kg boiling water, the whole pool spilled, for 3 days ;(4) Each 100kg yellow eel is fed with garlic cloves 500-1000g (mashed) and 500g of salt, once a day for 3-5 days.
4 Erythema (plum spot disease)
4.1 Cause: Caused by furunculous punctate aeromonas infection.
4.2 Symptoms: The surface of the sick eel, especially the appearance of yellow round patches the size of soybeans or broad beans on the back.
4.3 Control methods: (1) a few toads are stocked in the feeding pond, which can prevent the occurrence of this disease; (2) once the disease occurs, 1-2 toads can be used to peel off the skin, tie a rope and drag it several times in the pool, and it can be cured after 1-2 days, because the toad secreted by the toad has a special prevention and control function for this disease; (3) the eel pond should often replace the pool water to improve the water quality conditions.
5 print sickness
5.1 Cause: Caused by punctate aeromonas infection.
5.2 Symptoms: Mainly occur in the back of the eel, the sides of the abdomen are more serious, and a few occur in the anterior part of the body, which is related to the easy injury of the back of the body. The affected area of the skin first appears round or oval necrosis and erosion, revealing a white dermis, and the erythema of the skin is hyperemic and inflamed to form a distinct outline. With the development of the disease, the diameter of the lesion gradually expands, the erosion deepens, and even exposes the bones or internal organs in severe cases; the sick eel swims slowly, the head often sticks out of the water, does not enter the hole for a long time, and finally is thin and dies. The incidence can reach more than 80%, and it is most common in 5 to 9 months.
5.3 Control methods: (1) Water depth of 30cm pool water, every 100m 2 water surface with spicy tateshina 200g, neem bark (sap and fruit can be used) 300g, tobacco leaves 100g, chopped into 5kg juice, add salt 10g, sprinkle the whole pool (focus on sprinkling around the dining area), 1 time a day, for 3 consecutive days; (2) a few toads are stocked in the pool, when the yellow eel is sick, you can take 1-2 cuts (skins), tied with a rope and dragged several times in the pool. Toads produce toad crisp secretions on the body with prevention and control functions, and can be eliminated in 1-2 days.
6 Water mold disease
6.1. Etiology: Caused by water mold infection.
6.2 Symptoms: Caused by wound infection by water mold after mechanical injury. The initial pathology is not obvious, and after a few days the lesion grows cotton-wool hyphae, which rapidly multiply and spread on the surface of the body or the surface of the fertilized egg, forming white hairs visible to the naked eye. If a fertilized egg in incubation becomes infected, embryonic development is terminated in severe cases. The disease is endemic at water temperatures at 13-18°C, which is extremely harmful.
6.3 Prevention and control methods: (1) minimize mechanical damage and prevent infection; (2) apply 5% iodine wine to the affected area, immediately fill the pond with new water, sprinkle with 400mg/L table salt, baking soda (1:1) whole tank, soak the diseased eel with 3%-4% salt water for 5 minutes: (3) sprinkle the whole tank with 0.1 mg/L methylene blue solution; (4) fertilized eggs can be soaked in 7mg/L methylene blue solution for 10-15 minutes and used continuously for 2-3 days.
7 Trypanosomiasis
7.1 Etiology: Caused by the parasitism of trypanosomiasis in the blood of yellow eels.
7.2 Symptoms: After the yellow eel is infected with trypanosomiasis, most of them are anemia, the body is emaciated, the growth is poor, and most of them are endemic in June-August.
7.3 Control methods: (1) clear the pond with quicklime to remove the intermediate host of trypanosomiasis, the ant; (2) use 20-30 mg/L of table salt water or 2 mg/L of 2mg/L of worms to bathe the diseased eel for 10 minutes, all of which are effective.
8 Capillary nematode disease
8.1 Etiology: Caused by parasitism of capillaries in the second half of the intestine of yellow eels.
8.2 Symptoms: When the worm body parasitizes in large quantities, the eel is emaciated, accompanied by edema, and the anus is sometimes congested and red.
8.3 Control methods: (1) use quicklime or bleaching powder, strong chlorine and other thorough ponds to kill insect eggs; (2) every 10 kg of yellow eels with 90% crystalline enemy insects 1g mixed into fresh bait and fed, 5-7 days for 1 course of treatment; (3) with 2mg/L 100 grams of solution to bathe the sick eels for 5-10 minutes, or fish worms No. 1 added to the feed with 4% of the amount added, feeding for 1 day, feeding bait in 2-3 times, stopping eating for 1 day before taking medication.
9 Echinoccus disease
9.1 Cause: Caused by echinococcosis parasitism.
9.2 Symptoms: Echinacea parasitizes in the foregut of yellow eel, causing intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, loss of appetite, eel emaciation due to its large number of parasitism, manifested as large head and tail, weak physique, and death in severe cases.
9.3 Control methods: (1) thoroughly clear the pond, exposure, kill the eggs; (2) use 90% crystal enemy insects 0.8-1 mg/L whole pond to kill the middle host; (3) every 10kg yellow eel with 90% crystal enemy insects 1g mixed bait feeding, 5 days for 1 course, while using crystal enemy insects 0.5-0.7 mg/L whole pool sprinkled once.
10 Leech disease
10.1 Cause: Caused by Chinese neck leeches (commonly known as leech sulphur).
10.2 Symptoms: Usually parasitized on the skin near the head and on the side of the body of the eel, aspirates blood as nutrition, and the epidermal tissue at the parasite is destroyed, causing anemia and secondary disease. Sick eels have decreased appetite, restlessness, severe weakness, difficulty breathing, excessive blood loss and death.
10.3 Control methods: (1) Thoroughly clear the pond, kill leeches ;(2) Catch the diseased eel, put it into 0.5‰ crystalline insect solution and soak it for 10-15 minutes or soak it with 1mg/L copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes.
11 Cold disease
11.1 Cause: A disease caused by the physical discomfort of yellow eels due to sharp changes in water temperature.
11.2 Symptoms: Sudden changes in water temperature will stimulate the nerve endings of eels, causing symptoms such as dysfunction, organ dysfunction, and abnormal movement.
11.3 Control methods: (1) when the yellow eel seedlings are planted in the pond or pond, it is necessary to pay attention to the difference in the temperature of the two ponds, if the difference is too large, try to adjust the water temperature, the general temperature difference of the eel seedlings does not exceed 2 ° C, and the general temperature difference of the eel species does not exceed 5 ° C; (2) If the underground well water is used as the water source, the well water is before entering the eel pond. It needs to be exposed to the sun, otherwise, the well water directly enters the eel pond, which will also cause the yellow eel to suffer from cold disease.
12 fever
12.1 Disease: In the rearing of yellow eels, if the stocking density is too large, the mucus secreted on the surface of the body is fermented and decomposed in the water, releasing a large amount of heat and consuming a lot of oxygen in the water, so that the water temperature rises, causing the yellow eel to be impatient, entangled with each other and suffocated.
12.2 Prevention and control methods: (1) stock a small amount of loach in the eel pond, let it eat the residual bait and move up and down, increase the dissolved oxygen in the water; (2) after the onset of the disease should be thoroughly replaced, and sprinkled with 0.7mg/L copper sulfate throughout the pond; (3) appropriate stocking density, change the pond water frequently or plant some aquatic plants in the pond to maintain fresh water quality.
The disease prevention and control of yellow eel is an important link in the breeding process, especially in high-density aquaculture, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of "disease-free prevention, early treatment of disease, prevention is more important than treatment", and the following measures are effectively taken: (1) before the stocking of seedlings, it is necessary to use salt and other drugs to soak and disinfect; (2) stock seeds with robust physique, swimming and liveliness, no disease and no injury; (3) feed fresh, high-quality feed; (4) regularly sprinkle drugs to disinfect water bodies and feed medicinal bait to improve the immunity of fish bodies; (5) find fish diseases and treat them in time.
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