#Challenge: 30 days to write a diary in the headlines #Commonly used bulk medicinal herbs Epimedium has always relied on wild resources to maintain market demand. On 7 April this year, at the 2023 World "Great Health" Expo hosted by the National Health Commission and the Wuhan Municipal Government of Hubei Provincial Government, the Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hubei Ba Qi Cultural Tourism Technology Company reached a cooperation agreement on the industrial cultivation of epimedium, preparing to carry out large-scale standardized planting of epimedium in Xianfeng County, Enshi Prefecture, which is known as the "Huazhong Medicine Library", build and build a brand of the whole commercial industrial chain of epimedium, and promote rural revitalization with the epimedium industry.
Image: sheep weed plant in the wild in the mountains
Epimedium has the effects of tonifying the kidneys and aphrodisiac, strengthening muscles and bones, dispelling rheumatism, protecting human cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, anti-virus and tumor suppression, etc., and is widely used in clinical practice and has great development potential.
In this issue, Qingjiang Crane will focus on and chat with all the relatives and teachers about the relevant topics of high-quality and efficient cultivation of bulk medicinal herbs Epimedium artificially high-quality, high-yield, and efficient, I hope you like and actively participate in interactive comments, forward and share the pictures and texts of this issue.
About the basic biological characteristics of Epimedium weed:
At present, there are many wild resources of epimedium. Not long ago, a friend of Qingjiang Crane posted pictures of a wild epimedium growing at a "high altitude" and flowers that he saw on the Chunmu Mountain in Baiyang Dongsheng. It is green and very robust, and the flowers are also very beautiful and beautiful.
Image: Artificially improved planted Epimedium flowers
Epimedium plant type two-round three-out compound leaves, 3 branches and 9 leaves, with long-stemmed leaves leathery. Ovate or broadly ovate. It is 3cm ~ 7cm long, wide in the middle, and the leaf tip is tapering and the base is deeply heart-shaped. The foliar glossy veins are clearly visible. The leaves are dark green on the front and greyish white or pale on the back, with spiny teeth on the leaf margin.
The panicle is 10cm~35cm long, and can bloom 20~50 flowers, or white or yellowish, and other variegated. The capsule is about 1 cm in diameter and has a cylindrical beak. The flowering period is in May~June, and the fruit period is June~August.
It is born in the area of 700~3500m above sea level under shrubs, in the weeds on the side of streams and ditches or in humid valleys (semi-shaded environment), and in shade and cold and less sunshine growth and development environment (the relative humidity of the soil is 25%~30%, the relative humidity of the air is 70%~80%, avoid strong direct sunlight (flat dam planting needs shading treatment of 40%~60%).
Image: Wild sheep plants in the mountains in bloom
Avoid barren land when planting, severely acidic or alkaline loam, shallow soil layer, poor fertilizer and water retention, and sandy loam with little organic matter content, are not suitable for planting goat weed.
About the origin of the name Epimedium Goatweed:
The "Compendium of Materia Medica" contains: (Hongjingyu) Obedience (goat weed) makes people good for yin and yang. There are sheep in the north of Xichuan, which are combined a hundred times a day, and they are covered with this huo, hence the name sheepweed.
This "ancient text" actually records the experience of "taking the name" of Goat Weed and tells us the origin of the name "Goat Turtle," a large medicinal herb. Translated into modern it roughly means:
Tao Hongjing, a Chinese medicine family during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, overheard an elder sheep farmer tell others on his way to collect medicine: There is a kind of "strange grass" in the forest, the leaves are green like apricot leaves, and there are several stems at a time, one or two feet high.
Image: Epimedium is not only of high medicinal value, but also of high appreciation value
Dr. Tao, who was not ashamed to ask, verified this incident "overnight" in his medical practice, and found that this "strange herb" was a very good "good medicinal herb" for nourishing the kidneys and aphrodisiac, and then put it into the pharmacopoeia and got the name Goat Weed.
How to grow "old medicine" efficiently:
(1) Selecting a planting plot suitable for the growth and development of goat weed is the foundation:
Choose an altitude of 900m~1100m, the soil layer is deep and fertile, loose and breathable, slightly acidic or neutral loam soil for cultivation. The plot is best located next to the slopes of dense forests where natural vegetation grows robustly and the sunlight radiation is not too strong, and the hillsides, rivers, streams and valleys. The plot is both fertile and wet, and there is no arid environment.
Then the plot is deeply ploughed (the tillage layer is at least 25cm~30cm) crushed and leveled, frozen debris and stones are sorted, and sorted into a cultivation box 80cm~100cm wide, 10m~15m long, 20~30cm high, and 30cm between furrows.
Image: Cultivated Goat Weed
The farmhouse organic fertilizer 1500kg~2000kg/mu, compound fertilizer 40~50kg/mu, 0.5% avermectin granules 1600~3200g/mu, fully mixed and evenly spread on the high box, shallow mixed soil to be planted and transplanted.
(2) Doing a good job in the propagation of Epimedium seedlings is the key to high-quality, efficient and abundant cultivation:
Epimedium can be raised with seeds, or by root cuttings, or by splitting seeds, and by tissue culture, but seedlings are mainly propagated by seeds.
Propagation and seedling propagation by root cuttings is the propagation of cuttings using the dug rhizome as propagation material, which is the simplest way to raise seedlings of Epimedium.
The use of seeds for seedling mainly adopts the nutrient bed "semi-arid seedling" model, which is also a relatively traditional seedling breeding mode. Similar to the semi-arid seedlings of rice corn, you can refer to the relevant seedling breeding methods for seedlings, and there are also relevant technical explanations in the early pictures and texts of Qingjiang He, which will not be repeated here.
Image: Wild epimedium found in the mountains
In the cooperation agreement between the Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ba Qi Cultural Tourism, providing epimedium tissue culture seedlings as a scientific and technological "boost" point for large-scale industrial planting is also one of the cooperation contents.
(3) Strengthening field management is an effective measure for high-quality and efficient cultivation of epimedium:
Field management mainly includes soil and fertilizer water management, moisture management, weed management, and comprehensive pest prevention and control.
Pay attention to the soil moisture of the field cultivation box, and prevent drought or water accumulation in the bed according to weather changes.
Watering can be combined with top dressing to reduce labor input costs, and the integration effect will be better.
In case of prolonged rainy or concentrated rainfall, pay attention to field drainage, asphalt "horizontal" and "vertical" ditches, and strengthen drainage. Beware of stagnant water for a long time to stagnate the root system of sheep weed plants, "lack of oxygen", "yellow leaves", "rotten roots", and finally "dead trees".
Image: sheep weed is also known as "three branches and nine leaves"
In addition, the weeds on the high box cannot be ignored. In particular, the "tall pole" and "tall pile" weeds are higher than the epimedium plants, and their growth momentum is stronger than that of medicinal herbs, which can easily interfere with the growth and development of medicinal herbs and cause the growth to "decline."
In addition to manual pulling, chemical herbicides can be used instead of manual weeding. For example, quinolin, high-efficiency flupyrmeline can be.
(4) Accurately identifying the pathologies of diseased plants in the field of epimedium and timely and symptomatic medication is the fundamental guarantee for high-quality and efficient planting of epimedium:
Mainly do a good job of "brown spot", "virus disease", "rust", "powdery mildew", "physiological red leaf disease" and other diseases in the fields of sheep.
(1) Epimedium brown spot:
Epimedium brown spot mainly affects the leaves, and at the beginning of the disease, there are brown spots with yellow halos on the leaves.
Image: Diseased state of the plant
With the passage of time and the intensification of the disease, the brown disease spots gradually expand and become irregular large disease spots. The margins are reddish-brown to brown, and the middle is grey-brown. When the air is humid, black "small dots" appear in the diseased area. In severe harm, leaf disease spots fuse with each other to form dead leaves.
It can be used in the early stage of the onset of epimedium brown spot with 70% Daisen water dispersible granules 500~800 times liquid or 70% Daisen lian wettable powder 500~700 times liquid, or 65% Daisen zinc water dispersible granules 400~500 times liquid, or 80% Daisen zinc wettable powder 600~800 times liquid, 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 800~1000 times liquid, 80% early thiophanate water dispersible granules 1000~1200 times liquid, 25% Pyraclostrobin wettable powder 2000~2500 times liquid, or 50% pyraclostrobin aqueous dispersible granules 4000~5000 times liquid, 20% eugenicin suspension 2500~3000 times liquid, or 25% oxime suspension, or 3000~3500 times liquid spray stem and leaf treatment.
Image: Cultivated Epimedium plants grow and develop robustly
(2) Epimedium virus disease:
The typical characteristics of epimedium virus disease in the field are "wrinkled and distorted", "thickened" or "reversed" leaves of epimedium plants, or physiological phenomena such as "flower leaves", "mottled leaves" and "twisted leaves" that are different from normal robust growth and development of epimedium leaves.
The occurrence of epimedium virus disease is mostly related to field aphids, whitefly shellworms, thrips or leafhoppers and other suction mouthparts pests harmful "vector" viruses, so in the prevention and treatment of epimedium virus disease, it is recommended to use insecticides (insecticides that can prevent and control suction mouthparts pests) in combination with insecticides (insecticides that can prevent and control suction mouthparts pests).
Epimedium virus disease can be prevented during daily management with the following agents:
Image: Dried Epimedium herbs
31% morpholine triazole riboside wettable powder 500~600 times liquid, or 5% anti-toxin (bacteriotoxicity) water agent 600~800 times liquid, or 3.85% virus beck water agent 500~600 times liquid, or 25% copper morpholine guanidine wettable powder 500~800 times liquid, or 7.5% bacteriotoxic clear morpholine guanidine water agent 600~800 times liquid, or 20% morphoguanidine hydrochloride ethone wettable powder 1000~1200 times liquid spray stem and leaf treatment.
(3) sheep weed rust:
The disease can occur on the leaves and fruits of Epimedium. The most typical feature of the symptoms identified in field diagnosis is the appearance of "orange-yellow" small sore spots at the site of the disease, and after the disease spots are ruptured in the middle and late stages, they will emit "rust-like powder" (i.e., summer spores), which, like Epimedium powdery mildew, can cause the leaves of Goat Weed to die, or cause the fruit of Goat Weed to shrink into "stiff fruit".
Image: After the leaves dry, the leathery is noticeable
It can be used in the early stage of the onset of sheep weed rust with 15% triazolone water emulsion 1200~1500 times liquid, 20% triazolone emulsion 1500~2000 times liquid, 66% dicyanoanthraquinone water dispersible granules 1000~1200 times liquid, or 40% cyanantraquinone suspension 600~800 times liquid, 5% enoximamine emulsion 800~1000 times liquid, 45% difenoconazole manganese zinc wettable powder 800~1000 times liquid, or 30% Difenoconazole manganese zinc suspension 2000~2500 times liquid, or 45% difenoconazole daisen water dispersible granules 800~1000 times liquid, or 60% difenoconazole aqueous dispersible granules 3000~4000 times liquid spray stem and leaf treatment.
(4) Epimedium powdery mildew:
Epimedium powdery mildew is a fungal disease that, like powdery mildew of other crops, is mainly affected by leaves.
Image: Epimedium cultivated indoors
At the beginning of the disease, small pink spots nearly round on the leaves of Epimedium appear, and then with the passage of time and the disease intensifies, the small powder spots gradually expand into "large powder areas" with "no edges" or "inconspicuous edges", just like sprinkling a thin layer of "lime powder" on the leaves of "white powder".
Because photosynthesis cannot be carried out, the affected leaves gradually fade green, yellow and brittle, seriously affecting the dead leaves.
It can be used in the early stage of powdery mildew with 45% sulfur suspension 400~500 times liquid, or 80% sulfur wettable powder 600~800 times liquid, 25% triazolone wettable powder 2000~2500 times liquid, 12.5% enazole wettable powder 2000~2500 times liquid, 50% enazole aqueous dispersible granules 8000~10000 times liquid, 50% acesidamide aqueous dispersible granules 1500~2000 times liquid, or 30% acetylame suspension 1000~ 1200 times liquid, 50% azoxycyclic amine aqueous dispersible granules 800~1000 times liquid, or 50% azoxycyclic amine wettable powder 800~1000 times liquid, 25% azoxystrobin aqueous dispersible granules or suspension 1000~1200 times liquid, 40% azoxystrobin wettable powder 1500~2000 times liquid, 50% kherobin wettable powder 2500~3000 times liquid, or 60% kherobin water dispersible granules 3000~4000 times liquid, or 48% Difenoconazole suspension, 3500~4000 times liquid, or 40% difenoconzoximime aqueous dispersible granules 4000~5000 times liquid spray stem and leaf treatment.
Image: The initial state of the plant
(5) Epimedium physiological red leaf disease:
Epimedium physiological red leaf disease is related to the "physiological deficiency" of plants and the strong radiation of sunlight in the field.
For example, during the growth and development of field plants of Epimedium weed, nitrogen deficiency (old leaves at the base, old red), potassium deficiency (red leaves on the edge of the leaves) and even phosphorus deficiency are all related. The reason for the "redness" of leaves is related to the content of this nutrient in the soil and the abundance and deficit. Second, although there is no shortage of these nutrients in the soil, due to the "uncoordinated" growth and development of epimedium plants, these nutrients appear when they are "not used" or "cannot be used well".
In addition to the physiological "deficiency," the "strong sunlight radiation" on the cultivation box is also another cause of "redness" of field plants in Epimedium.
Image: goat weed harvested at the right time
Because Goat Weed is a shade-loving, cool and moist plant, strong sunlight radiation will cause Goat Weed to appear "burning day by day," and the stronger the sunlight, the more serious the damage to Goat Weed.
Therefore, in the process of correction, in addition to moderate shading of the goat weed cultivation bed, it is also possible to use amino acids or humic acid multifunctional foliar fertilizer to "condition" the epimedium plants, such as "seedlings Qingqing", "fast growth", "five grain abundance", "xin resources" and other multi-functional foliar fertilizers 25g~50g/bucket of water spray leaf stem and leaf treatment.
(5) Timely harvesting of goat weed.
goat weed, which has been planted for two years, can be harvested in August of the following year.
Cut off the stems and leaves on the ground during harvesting, shake off the debris and soil on the plants, and put them in a cool place to dry.
After several years of continuous harvesting, the yield and quality of epimedium will decrease, and the plants should be updated in time.
Image: Drying of medicinal herbs