"Instruments into the world: 'Bowl Reef No. 1' shipwreck out of the water cultural relics exhibition" officially opened today at the China Maritime Museum, the exhibition brings together 199 pieces / sets of water cultural relics, the vast majority of which are the fine porcelain of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty, which is the largest, most cultural relics and the most abundant "Bowl Reef No. 1" shipwreck theme exhibition so far.
The magnificent ocean not only gave birth to a brilliant marine civilization, but also ruthlessly swallowed up countless seafarers who chopped wind and waves, and the shipwreck of the "Bowl Reef No. 1" was one of the many trading ships swallowed up by the sea, which was forever frozen in The China of the Kangxi Dynasty more than 300 years ago. Archaeologists salvaged more than 17,000 pieces of Jingdezhen porcelain from the "Bowl Reef No. 1" shipwreck, with rich varieties and complete ornamentation, representing the highest level of Chinese folk kiln porcelain in the early Qing Dynasty, with considerable historical, scientific, cultural and artistic value.
The China Maritime Museum and the Fuzhou Museum cooperated sincerely and took a year to prepare. The exhibition is divided into three units, the first unit "Wreck on the Side of the Bowl Reef", from the five aspects of shipwreck birth, archaeological documentary, discovery of hull, water porcelain and on-site protection, showing the archaeological discovery process of the shipwreck; the second unit "Undersea Porcelain Library Shocks the World", divided into four aspects of blue and white porcelain, blue and white glaze, monochrome glaze and multicolored porcelain, showing the fine porcelain out of the wreck; the third unit "Sea Silk Route Thousand Sails Competition", divided into two aspects of the Sea Silk Route and porcelain sales world, showing the route where the shipwreck is located, as well as the exotic elements contained in the porcelain.
This exhibition focuses on the cultural relics of shipwrecks, interprets the history and culture of porcelain, understands the exchange and mutual learning of civilizations, carries forward the eternal spirit of the Sea Silk Road, and jointly contributes the wisdom and strength of the museum to the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" initiative. The exhibition runs from today until August 25th.
This afternoon, the "China Overseas Expo Forum" invited Zhang Zhenyu, director of the Fuzhou Municipal Museum, to give an academic lecture entitled "Exploring the Maritime Silk Road and the Pingtan 'Bowl Reef No. 1' Shipwreck Out of the Water Porcelain". At the same time, the exhibition will also support the development of unique cultural and creative products and educational activities, bringing visitors a full range of viewing experiences.
【Key Exhibits】
First, the blue and white four-blossom light opera character picture lid jar
Height 30.4 cm, tank height 25.7 cm, lid diameter 12.2 cm, caliber 10 cm, abdominal diameter 23.6 cm, foot diameter 14.5 cm
Among the cultural relics of "Bowl Reef No. 1", although there are many porcelain paintings with character figures, the most exquisite character pictures and the most informative drawings belong to this blue and white four-open opera character picture lid jar.
The four open lights are painted with characters who canoe and play, people who rest in the pavilion, and people who fish on the edge of the water pavilion on the terrace. These figures are organically combined with the beautiful scenery of the water pavilion and the green mountains and green waters, showing the world the leisure and entertainment life scenes of the people in the folk market at that time.
Second, blue and white geometric open light floral pattern lid jar
The top of the jar has a jewel-shaped lid button, the whole lid jar is full of exquisitely painted ice patterns, the body is covered with multiple triangles of open light, the inner painting of the tangled branches lotus pattern, the lid surface forms a six-petal flower-shaped open light, and the inner painting of the tangled branches of the flower pattern.
This artifact is generous in shape and exquisitely decorated, and is a rare artifact in the No. 1 water porcelain of Bowl Reef.
Third, the blue and white blossoming character flower pattern
Height 26.6, caliber 13.5, foot diameter 11.5 cm
The abdomen is painted with two rhombus-shaped opening lights, and the upper and lower parts of the open light are painted with miscellaneous treasures and ancient pictures, and the middle is painted with flowers and character pavilions.
Between the two opening lights are painted with floral ornaments such as peonies and lotuses. The shape of the utensils is peculiar, the composition theme is rich, the ancient patterns of the miscellaneous treasures are properly arranged, and the flowers are full of vitality.
Fourth, the blue and white glaze in the red landscape character pattern plate
Height 2.4, caliber 15.6, foot diameter 8 cm
Blue and white glaze red is a decorative method in which blue and white and glaze red are applied to the same instrument, and its color is relatively stable during the Qing Kangxi period.
The glazed red plate of the "Bowl Reef No. 1" water is painted with landscape figures, and the local treetops are dotted with glazed red color. The red flowers painted in this way make the whole artifact add a little charm and brilliance to the elegance of the blue and white flowers.
Five, colorful eight-open light floral pattern plate
Height 3.4, caliber 21.5, foot diameter 11.3 cm
The multicolored open-light floral pattern plate is a kind of porcelain that is more common in the "Bowl Reef No. 1" shipwreck.
This porcelain is decorated with eight open lights on the abdomen, and the inner part is painted with folded branches and flowers, and the outer wall is painted with four groups of folded branches. Floral ornaments are mostly folded branches of flowers, and the flower layout is neat, mostly in full bloom, giving people a visual beauty.
Sixth, the outer sauce glaze inside the blue and white bowl
The outer sauce glaze inner blue and white, or the outer sauce glaze inner pastel export porcelain, also known as "Batavia porcelain". From the end of the 17th century to the middle of the 18th century, the porcelain body was covered with a layer of light or thick iron brown enamel glaze, which began to be used in the Ming Dynasty of China, known as "milk coffee color" or "dead leaf color" in Europe, and directly called "brown glaze porcelain" in the Americas.
Seven, blue and white yellow glazed gourd bottle
Height 18.1, caliber 2.2, abdominal circumference 25.7, foot diameter 4.3 cm
The gourd bottle is a porcelain style made to imitate the shape of the gourd. During the Kangxi period, it became one of the export varieties, and on the basis of the traditional two sections, the style of three and four sections appeared, and there were also innovations in glaze color, forming a very different style from the traditional varieties.
Double gourd shaped. The mouth and neck are blue flowers, the mouth is glazed with sauce, along the lower triangle brocade edge, and below are banana leaf pattern, lotus petals, brocade lotus three open light, diamond grid brocade flower six open light trimming; abdomen, foot sauce glaze, the upper abdomen a white glaze wide string pattern. The gourd bottle is a traditional instrument shape of ancient Chinese ceramics, which is widely popular because of its harmonic sound "Fluke", and has been burned for generations.
8. Miniature porcelain
Miniature porcelain is dominated by various bottles, most of which are about 10 centimeters in size, with small utensils and exquisite ornamentation, "although the sparrow is small, it is complete", which is a true portrayal of this type of miniature porcelain, and scholars believe that it may be a decoration for the "doll house". In the late 17th century, Dutch noblewomen chased a fashion that used miniature furniture, fabrics and porcelain to decorate model houses. These dollhouses are not children's toys, but expensive displays to show off to guests and friends and family.
Nine, blue and white daisy pattern diamond plate
Height 4.2, caliber 21.1, foot diameter 11.5 cm
Daisy pattern, also known as "emerald chrysanthemum pattern", is also believed by scholars to depict a flower along the Mediterranean coast, which was regarded as a flower of paradise in the Middle East and Europe at that time, the flower of happiness. This kind of porcelain with kaiguang as the main feature and painted with various ornaments in it, the so-called "Clark porcelain", was introduced to Europe in the late 16th century and loved by Europeans, and is a famous export porcelain variety since the late Ming Dynasty.
"Bowl Reef No. 1" has a large number of daisy plate, Turkey's Topkapi Palace, the United Kingdom Victoria and Albert Museum, the Netherlands National Museum all have similar daisy plate collections, and Fujian Longhai Semi-ocean Reef also has similar artifacts. In Bahrain in the Middle East, this blue and white porcelain plate fragment has also been excavated.
10. Blue and white blossoming figure pattern high foot lid cup
Height 12.4, cup height 9.8, cup diameter 6.6, cup foot diameter 4.7, lid inner diameter 5.9 cm
The goblet, popular in the Yuan Dynasty, it is suitable for the Mongolian people to ride and drink customs, originally made for drinking on horseback, also known as "immediate cup", later also known as the target cup, can be placed fruit. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was inherited and continued as a tradition of Chinese culture. Bowl Reef No. 1 water with lid goblet, according to European customs with a lid, showing a full foreign taste, is considered to be "after the goblet has a lid, obviously revealed exotic".
Author: Shi Bozhen
Editor: Wang Jiayi
Editor-in-Charge: Shao Zhen
*Wenhui exclusive manuscript, please indicate the source when reprinting.