#历史开讲 #
Preface: In the early morning of the seventeenth day of the first month of the eighth year of Jingtai (1457 AD), Zhu Qiyu, the emperor of Jingtai, who was resting on the imperial bed, was suddenly awakened by the sound of bells and drums from the previous dynasty. The emperor was shocked and asked the eunuchs beside him a sentence that hit people's hearts: Did Yu Qian rebel?
When Emperor Jing heard the sound of bells and drums, he was shocked and asked left and right: "Yu Qianye?" Knowing that he was the emperor, he said, "Good, good." —"Chronicle of the History of the Ming Dynasty, Volume 35: Nangong Restoration"
Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu stills
Here we have to explain a little why Zhu Qiyu knew that the outer court had changed when he heard the sound of bells and drums. According to the system of the Ming Dynasty, only the enthronement ceremony and the great pilgrimage meeting of the winter solstice, New Year's Day and Long Life Holy Day would ring the bell and beat the drum, mainly to urge the hundred officials to enter the dynasty. If the bells and drums suddenly sound today, there is only one possibility: someone usurped the throne. And this person, in the heart of Emperor Jingtai, is Yu Qian, who saved the Daming Dynasty back then.
And when he learned that the usurper was Emperor Taishang Zhu Qizhen, Zhu Qiyu put aside his heart, and the Ming Dynasty was still the world of the Zhu family. So the question is, Yu Qian is both a shangshu of the military department and in charge of the 10th regiment battalion of the Beijing Division, why did he watch Emperor Taishang launch a coup d'état, and finally bring himself the scourge of killing?
The basic plate of Nangong restoration
From the 14th to the 16th day of the first month of the eighth year of Jingtai (1457 AD), Zhu Qiyu had not looked at the dynasty for three consecutive days. Judging from the fact that when the southern suburbs were worshipped on the thirteenth, the emperor actually appointed Shi Heng, Marquis of Wuqing, to pay tribute on his behalf, Zhu Qiyu's condition was not optimistic. There is only one biggest problem facing the Minister of Culture and Military Affairs now: if the emperor dies, who will succeed to the throne?
Emperor Jingtai and Prince Huai Xian stills
It is necessary to explain here that since the death of Prince Huai Xian Zhu Jianji three years ago, the reserve has been vacant until now. Since Emperor Jingtai had no other children, in the eyes of Shangshu Yuqian of the Military Department, Shangshu Hu Hu of the Ministry of Rites, and Wang Zhi of the Ministry of Rites, Zhu Jianshen, the eldest son of Emperor Taishang, the former prince, and the current King of Yi, was the best candidate.
Emperor Yi can not come to the dynasty, and there is no celebration of the banquet. The Ministry of Rites and other officials of the Yamen, the young Fu and the prince and the prince, and the official Hu Hu of the Ministry of Rites. And Yan Huang was personally pro-10,000 opportunities, did not build a reserve deputy, had no assistant, and bowed to Lao Sheng. Fu Beg chose Yuanliang as the crown prince early to comfort the hopes of the subjects of the temple. The edict: "The heart of the temple of Qing and other worries is known. But now it is not in conditioning, so please do not allow. —Appendix 91 of the Records of Emperor Yingzong of Ming Volume 273
However, Zhu Qiyu has always had concerns in his heart, because it was his own idea to depose Zhu Jianshen back then. What kind of evaluation will this eldest nephew give himself when he ascends the throne as emperor in the future? Zhu Qiyu did not dare to think or gamble. In the view of Shi Heng, the Marquis of Wuqing, only by supporting the restoration of Emperor Taishang Zhu Qizhen could he overwhelm these civil officials such as Yu Qian as a minister of the dragon. After a few days of tandem, the coup team was finally formed, let's see who is inside.
Shi Heng, Marquis of Wuqing: One of the most important heroes in the defense of Beijing in the fourteenth year of the Orthodox reign (1449 AD), he had a feud with Yu Qian, a heavy minister of Jingtai.
Wuqing Hou Shiheng stills
Former military right capital governor Zhang Li: brother of British Duke Zhang Fu, in charge of Jingying. The Zhang family was in danger of decaying due to the change of the Tumu Fort, and had a strong desire to revive the family.
Left Vice Capital Yushi Xu Youzhen: He was reprimanded by Yu Qian for advocating to move south, and he held a grudge for his long-term inability to be promoted.
The eunuch Cao Jixiang: He had the merits of conquering Luchuan, Wuliangha, and Deng Maoqi in Fujian, but he was always unfavored in the Jingtai harem.
Zuo Du Yushi Yangshan: The first hero who sent Vara back to Emperor Taishang, but was beaten into the cold palace by Emperor Jingtai.
Jingyuan Bo Wang Ji: Because of the merits of the three conquests of Luchuan, he entered the title of Jingyuan Uncle as a civil servant, and has since parted ways with the civil official clique. After the change of Tumu Fort, the imperial court issued an edict to the king of the Tianxia Sect, but he always pressed his death to Huguang and was unwilling to transfer back.
Huichang Bosun Jizong: Empress Dowager Sun's brother, due to the birth mother of Emperor Jingtai, Empress Dowager Wu, the Sun family at this time was in the trough of history.
Empress Dowager Sun stills
After a brief listing, we can come to a conclusion: the so-called gate-grabbing team are all marginal personnel in the palace, and they are eager to use a merit to achieve a counterattack.
Why didn't Yu Qian prevent the coup?
On the question of who will succeed the great unification in the event of the death of Emperor Jingtai, there are actually three opinions in the DPRK. The first is the most representative, and believes that King Yi should be reinstated as the crown prince. The second, headed by Wang Wen, a scholar of the Jinshi Temple, advocated the establishment of Zhu Qiyong, the son of Xiang, and then succeeded to the throne in the form of "brother and brother". The third was headed by Shi Heng and others, intending to support Emperor Taishang.
Theoretically, the restoration of Emperor Taishang to the throne is naturally the most beneficial to the country. Xiang Shizi was the nephew of Emperor Xuanzong, Emperor Taishang and Emperor Jingtai's cousin, and his lineage was already somewhat estranged. King Yi is only eleven years old, can he be a good emperor even if he ascends the throne? Wen Wu Qunchen insisted on his opinion, so Emperor Jingtai decided to discuss the matter when he came to court on the 17th.
Not long after, Shangshu Hu Hu of the Ministry of Rites ordered an official to go to the Dao to report: "Please establish the affairs of the East Palace, and now Your Excellency of the Ministry and the ministers of the civil and military forces will stay in the Shangzhi Dynasty on the 17th, and jointly plea, so that you can report your name." Xuan, Xuan, Xuan, and Ying were overwhelmed, and they said: "If you can't go up again, we will be exempted from the crown and kowtow, and we will resign and beg to return to the field." If the Manchu Dynasty is like this, the upper part is also moved, and everything is impossible. —"Restoration"
To explain a little here, the "Xuan" in the above is Yang Xuan, the author of this "Restoration Record", who was the imperial history of the dynasty at the time, and his words are obviously first-hand information. Shi Heng and the others who received the news couldn't sit still, because no matter who they chose, it had nothing to do with them.
Yu Qian stills
On the evening of the 16th, Zhang Li, relying on his identity as the chief of the Beijing camp, used the excuse of protecting the safety of the capital to transfer hundreds of sergeants, which was also the limit of what he could do. And Shi Heng, Wang Ji, Sun Jizong and others were even more out of the family, ready to fight to the death. However, can this matter be concealed from Shangshu Yuqian of the military department? In fact, don't say Yu Qian, even his son Yu Mian has already learned the intelligence that Shi Heng and others plan to make trouble:
Emperor Jing was greatly developed, Shi Heng and others plotted to support Nannei, and Fu Yin was aware of his scheme, and rushed to change. Shaobao Gong said: "How does the kid know about national affairs? There is a destiny of its own, Rudi goes. "In an instant, the young man did not change his expression, and slowly obeyed the whole dynasty, and he went to prevent being arrested. —"West Lake Excursion History"
The "Emperor Jing" above naturally refers to Zhu Qizhen, "Nannei" refers to his brother Zhu Qizhen, and "Shaobao Gong" and "Fu Yin Gong" refer to Yu Qian and Yu Mian respectively. So the question is, why didn't Yu Qian intervene to suppress this coup? Everyone knows that he is a hardcore Jingtai party, once Emperor Taishang is restored, can he have his good fruit to eat? In general, there were three difficult problems in front of Yuqian at that time.
- Problem 1: There is no way to transfer troops
The Daming Dynasty is a society ruled by law, and the transfer of troops is not what you want, you can adjust if you want. First of all, the cabinet was ordered to draw up the order, then the eunuch of the ceremonial eunuch approved the red, and then the eunuch of the imperial horse eunuch sent the sacred decree and fire tablets and other tokens to the military department, and the military department confirmed that it would undoubtedly be handed over to the governor of the five armies. That is, the so-called person who leads the troops does not have the right to transfer troops, and the person who transfers troops does not have the right to lead troops, and everyone restricts each other to achieve a mutually balanced situation.
Such a set of cumbersome and complicated processes, how do you let Yu Shaobao transfer troops? Of course, this is not only Yu Qian's problem, Shi Heng and others also have nothing to do about it. So they can only use their own households. I remember that a best-selling book once ridiculed this, but the problem is that although Lord Shi has made outstanding achievements, he also can't mobilize a soldier and a pawn, and what can he do without relying on the family to work hard?
Taishang Emperor Zhu Qizhen stills
- Problem 2: The teacher is unknown
Of course, I can also assume that Yu Qian's prestige is extremely high, and the regiment and battalion generals immediately sent troops to surround the palace after receiving his edict, but what to do next? In the words of the imperial court, Emperor Taishang was recuperating in Nangong, neither house arrest nor imprisonment. Even Emperor Jingtai has said many times that Emperor Taishang is honored, and he himself is humble, why should you Yu Qian arrest people?
On the day of the eldest brother's arrival in Beijing, the matter of the throne is as said, and it will be planned again. Between brothers, there is nothing to lose, how can they be separated from each other? But fear of surrender is humble, contrary to the way of heaven. —"Records of Emperor Yingzong of Ming Volume 183 - Abolished Emperor Jun Wang Appendix I"
In other words, as soon as the regimental army arrived, Emperor Taishang said that the current emperor is critically ill, and I entered the palace to visit the sick on the order of Empress Dowager Yi, and ordered Shi Heng and others to obey, what can you do? If you want the Empress Dowager Yi, Zhu Qizhen can conjure up a copy for you in minutes.
- Problem 3: There is no successor
Let's take a step back, if Yu Qian decides that Emperor Taishang is the "Tuwei Sect Society" and takes it down together with Shi Heng and others, and even Empress Dowager Sun, what should we do next? The Empress Dowager and Emperor Taishang were both anti-thieves, so Zhu Jianshen the King of Yi, and even Zhu Jianqing the King of Rong, as well as several princes born to Emperor Taishang in Nangong, had theoretically lost the legitimacy of succession.
Conspiracy was a serious crime, and both the Empress Dowager and the Emperor Taishang were to be executed according to the law, and King Yi and others were to be deposed even if they did not give death. In other words, when the emperor of the dynasty had no heirs, and the entire army of the Taishang Emperor was destroyed, the first emperor Xuanzong had these two sons, and who would the throne pass to? Did Yu Qian himself become a loyal courtier, kill all the descendants of the first emperor, and then support his nephew Xiang Shizi to succeed to the throne? Didn't Yu Qian become a figure like Wang Mang, Dong Zhuo and Cao Cao?
If Xiang Shizi can rely on this way to join the succession, other powerful princes of the clan family, such as the King of Qin, the King of Jin, the King of Chu, the King of Shu, etc., can they also find an excuse on the side of the Qing monarch to raise troops and appease? The change of the civil fort has only been a few years? Can the Daming Dynasty withstand such a toss? Would Yu Qian choose to be such an eternal sinner? Apparently he won't.
Yu Qian stills
Conclusion: On the day of the successful restoration, Zhu Qizhen decreed that Qian would be imprisoned. It is said that the emperor once hesitated and said that "Yu Qian is really meritorious", but Xu Youzhen said "do not kill Yu Qian, this move is nameless", and then made up his mind to execute him. To be honest, the author does not believe this record of whitewashing. When you get rid of Shi Heng, Cao Jixiang and other heroes who won the door in the future, why not rehabilitate Yu Qian? Since there was no rehabilitation, it shows that this is what Zhu Qizhen himself meant.
On the 22nd day of the first month of the first year of Tianshun (1457 AD), Yu Qian was executed on the execution ground outside the Chongwen Gate, which is said in history to be "the day of death, the haze is four, and the world is wronged." The reason why Yu Qian acquiesced to the Nangong coup was because he couldn't think of a better solution. If he sacrificed his life, he could exchange for the stability of the dynasty, and Yu Qian chose to sacrifice himself without hesitation. Although the author of "Lime Yin" is controversial, the phrase "to leave innocence in the world" really perfectly interprets Yu Shaobao's character. He is worthy of the emperor, worthy of Jiangshan Sheji, worthy of the common people. The entire "History of Ming" is only given to two people as separate biographies, one is Wang Shouren and the other is Yu Qian, which is the respect that the Qing Dynasty ministers admired him, just as we admire him today.