5/3 today in history

(1) Donghao hydraulic scientist Wang Jing successfully managed the Yellow River

3 May 70

During the reign of Emperor Ping of Han, the Yellow River burst and flooded the Yangqu area for more than 60 years, and Yu (present-day Hexian County, Anhui) was flooded.

In 69 (the twelfth year of Yongping), Emperor Han Ming promoted Wang Jing and sent hundreds of thousands of people to rule the river. Wang Jing measured the terrain, dug up the mountain, established a water gate, and built an embankment from the 5,000 Chengkou of Laiyang for more than 1,000 miles, so that the river and Bianxi could be diverted, the Yellow River entered the sea from the northeast, and the Muqu entered the water from the southeast. River infestation.

On the second day of the fourth month of the thirteenth year of Han Yongping, the river canal was completed, and since then the Yang canal has been able to flow safely and transport, and the Zihe River is constrained by the north and south dikes, and the water potential is to impact the sand into the sea, hoping to study the four prefectures of Yu and avoid major river disasters. After its completion, Emperor Ming personally inspected the canal and restored the establishment of river defense officials in accordance with the Western Han system. Wang Wu and other officials in his entourage were all promoted to the first rank for their meritorious service in repairing canals, and Wang Jing was promoted to three levels in a row to serve as an attendant.

Wang Jingzi Zhongtong was a native of Jihan, Lelang County (present-day northwest of Pyongyang, North Korea). Born before Jianwu in the sixth year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (30 AD), Emperor Jianyuan of the Han Dynasty died in Lujiang (southwest of present-day Lujiang, Anhui). Famous expert in water conservancy engineering during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Less learning is easy, a wide range of books, and good astronomy and counting, deep and many tricks, sometimes recommended that Jing can cure water, Emperor Ming and Wang Wu jointly repaired the dunken canal, Wu used the Jingwu flow method, and the water was no longer harmful.

(2) Death of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Li Longji

May 3, 762

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (谥: Emperor Daming Xiao of the Great Sage of the Dao, abbreviated as Emperor Ming of Tang) Li Longji was the 7th emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Han Chinese, politician, and musician. Great-grandson of Emperor Taizong of Tang, grandson of Emperor Gaozong of Tang and Wu Zetian, third son of Li Dan of Emperor Ruizong of Tang, and empress Dou (Concubine Dou De) of Zhaocheng. Emperor Xuanzong has excellent personal qualities, is good at riding and shooting, understands the law of music, the study of history, and is versatile. Nickname: A Qiao (same as Cao Cao)

In the first year of Shenlong (705), Emperor Zhongzong Li Xian ascended the throne and restored the Tang state, but the political authority fell into the hands of Empress Wei. After Emperor Zhongzong's death, Emperor Wei made Li Chongmao the Prince of Wen emperor, as Emperor Shao.

On July 21, 710 (June 20, the fourth year of Jinglong), Li Longji the King of Linzi and Princess Taiping (daughters of Emperor Gaozong of Tang and Wu Zetian) jointly staged a palace coup, killing Empress Wei and Princess Anle, and restored his father Li Dan of Tang Ruizong to the throne, and was made crown prince by his father.

In August 712 (the first year of Yanhe), Emperor Ruizong passed on the throne as crown prince and retired as Emperor Taishang. Li Longji ascended the throne and changed his name to Emperor Xuanzong. Soon after, Princess Taiping wanted to launch a palace coup to depose Emperor Xuanzong, and Li Longjinai, together with Guo Yuanzhen, Wang Maozhong, Gao Lishi and others, preemptively gave Princess Taiping death in the second year of the innate (713), condemned the rest of the party, and changed the yuan to "Kaiyuan".

During the first year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign, social stability, political clarity, and unprecedented economic prosperity, the Tang Dynasty entered a heyday, which later generations called the Kaiyuan prosperous era. In the later period of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, he coveted pleasure, favored and reused Li Linfu and other traitors, which eventually led to the Anshi Rebellion and the decline of the Tang Dynasty. He reigned from 712 to 756 and reigned for 44 years.

Nickname: Emperor Daming Xiao of the Great Sage; Temple number: Xuanzong; Burial: Tailing;

Previous year names: Xiantian 712-713 AD, Kaiyuan 713-741 AD, Tianbao 742-756 AD

(3) Zuo Zongtang was ordered to recover Xinjiang

May 3, 1875

The Qing government appointed Zuo Zongtang as a minister to supervise Xinjiang's military affairs. In the 60s of the 19th century, the officer of the Kokand Khanate in Central Asia, Aquber, invaded Xinjiang and established military colonial rule, Britain and Russia competed to use the Aquber regime as a tool to divide and dismember China's territory, and Russia even brazenly sent troops to occupy Ili in the early 70s; At the same time, wars of aggression between the United States and Japan against Taiwan also broke out one after another. By the mid-70s, China's northwest frontier and southeast China Sea were tense, and the border crisis was serious. However, different opinions arose within the Qing government on the issues of "coastal defense" and "plugged defense." Under the pretext that it is difficult to balance coastal defense and cypriot defense, Li Hongzhang openly advocated abandoning Xinjiang and "moving to the west to help coastal defense." It is believed that "Xinjiang is no longer there, and there is no harm to the vitality of the limbs; If the sea frontier is not guarded, the great trouble of the henchman will become more and more thorny." Li Hongzhang opposed sending troops to retake Xinjiang, first, because Zuo Zongtang suppressed the Shaanxi-Gansu Hui uprising and became increasingly popular among the ruling clique, and the Huai warlords wanted to suppress him; Second, Li Hongzhang is preparing to set up the Beiyang Navy, and he wants to use the navy to consolidate the position of the Huai-affiliated warlords, that is, himself; At the same time, this was also in line with Britain's attempt to oppose the Qing army's western expedition to prevent its lackey Agubai from being restored. Wang Wenshao, governor of Hunan Province, and others believed that Tsarist Russia was the greatest threat, and advocated "plugging defense" as the mainstay, with all-out attention to the northwest. Zuo Chongtang believes that coastal defense and cypriot defense should be equally important and should not be abandoned. Criticism of Lee's claim is "self-retiring." He emphasized that "those who value Xinjiang protect Mongolia and those who protect Mongolia, so they defend Jingshi ." Zuo Zongtang suppressed the Taiping Rebellion and the Northwest Hui Uprising. However, in the situation of deepening national crisis, standing up and taking "the arduousness of the frontier as his own responsibility" not only shows that he has a vision of the overall situation and has a far-sighted vision, but also has the dual significance of countering rebellion and countering aggression, and thus enjoys the support of patriotic public opinion in China. The Qing court weighed the pros and cons and adopted Zuo Zongtang's proposition. On the 3rd, he was appointed to supervise Xinjiang's military affairs, send troops to the west, and recover Xinjiang.

(4) The Qing government paid 450 million taels of reparations to the great powers

May 3, 1901

Yi Kuang and Li Hongzhang played electricity, and the claims of various countries were "450 trillion taels". On the same day, the Qing court issued an edict to all supervisors to work together. and sent three decrees for the reparations matter: first, the life of Yi Kuang and Li Hongzhang negotiated with various countries to reduce the amount of silver and extend the number of years; 2. Liu Kunyi and Zhang Zhizhi carefully planned and properly funded; 3. Let the governors of the provinces remove the middle and fill and return the trickle to the public.

On 7 May, ministers met to discuss the issue of reparations. After the meeting, a note requesting compensation was formally submitted to Yi Kuang and Li Hongzhang. The note states: "The total losses suffered by the great powers up to 1 July amounted to 450 million taels, which would increase considerably if the occupation of the coalition forces was extended beyond that date. "The plenipotentiaries demanded that the Plenipotentiary of China formally assure them that they recognize responsibility for this amount and that they inform the plenipotentiaries of the financial measures that China intends to take to settle this debt."

On May 11, without the consent of the imperial court, Yi Kuang and Li Hongzhang sent a note to the ministers of various countries, expressing their acceptance of a total reparations of 450 million taels, and proposed to repay it within 30 years from July 1 this year, and to December 31, 1940, to repay 15 million taels per year without interest.

On May 26, the Qing court sent a telegram to Yi Kuang and Li Hongzhang, agreeing that "all countries should pay a total of 450 trillion yuan in reparations, with four percent interest" and "so as to quickly withdraw their troops," hoping to extend the number of years.