In recent years, a "black whirlwind" has quickly blown up in the pig industry, and they have gone to raise black pigs, and the price of weaned sows has reached 5,000 yuan. Black pigs are raised with pure grains, to the wild sports, long growth cycle, delicious taste, black pork by the majority of consumers are popular.
What breed of black pig is best? Which is the fastest growing black pig breed? The whole body hair of the black pig is black, and we all know that the nutritional value of the black pig is very high, so although the price of the black pig is much more expensive than ordinary pork, the black pork is still very popular in the market.
Many people ask what breed of black pig is good? Let's take a look at what are the black pig breeds? What breed of black pig is best?
Nutritional value of black pork:
1. The skin of black pork is rich in a large amount of collagen and elastin, which has a certain effect on anti-aging and delaying muscle age. Vitamin E in pork also has antioxidant properties.
2. The unsaturated fatty acids rich in black pork can ester cholesterol and reduce cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. Reduces blood viscosity and improves blood microcirculation. Enhances cell activity, improves memory and thinking ability.
3. Vitamin A in black pork maintains normal visual function, maintains the health of epithelial tissue cells, maintains normal bone development, and promotes growth.
Characteristics of black pigs:
1. Physical characteristics
The black pig has black body hair, symmetrical structure, strong limbs, a slightly longer head, and a horizontal wrinkle on the forehead (two deep wrinkles that resemble eyebrows), which are obvious deep wrinkles, and the locals also call the black pig "two eyebrow pigs". Black pigs have medium ears, soft and droopy ears, less skin folds, rarely droopy flesh under the neck, a straighter back and waist, a large abdomen without mopping the ground; a weaker posterior torso, slightly higher than the prodromal; and an average of 12.7 nipples for sows.
2. Production performance
Black pigs are known as "grass pigs", and their fattening performance is superior. Adult boars generally weigh about 117 kg, and adult sows generally weigh about 95 kg. Under standard feeding conditions, the 240-day-old live weight can reach about 92 kg, and the average daily weight gain during the fattening period is 509g. The meat quality of the black pig is good, the color is bright red, the tender and juicy, the marble is more obvious, the fat quality is good, the color is white and shiny, the crystal clear, and the carcass lean meat rate is about 46%.
Black Pig Breeding Options:
The selection requirements of black pigs are in line with typical breed characteristics. Generally choose 7-8 months old, weight greater than 40kg breeding pig introduction, it is recommended to go to the regular breeding farm to select the introduction of pigs, boars should have strong limbs, developed and powerful posterior body, testicles should be symmetrical and large; sow limbs are strong, waist straight, abdomen is large and not mopping the ground; nipples require more than 6 pairs, uniform; genital development is complete.
What breed of black pig is best?
Different varieties have their own advantages, in general, the more famous are the Northeast Folk Pig, Laiwu Black Pig, Anhui South Black Pig, Gandong Black Pig, Eight Eyebrow Pig, Fragrant Pig, Pond Pig and so on.
1. Folk pigs (Damin pigs, Ermin pigs, poached pigs), formerly known as Northeast folk pigs
Origin (or distribution): Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei and other provinces.
Main characteristics (Ermin pig): medium-sized head, straight face, large sagging ears, flat body, narrow back and waist, tilted hips, thick limbs, black body hair, dense fluff in winter. Strong cold resistance.
2. Eight-eyebrow pig (also known as Jingchuan pig, West pig, including mutual aid pig)
Origin (or distribution): The central production area is mainly distributed in Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and other provinces and regions.
Main characteristics: narrow and long head, large drooping ears, forehead has a longitudinal line of "eight" character wrinkles, so the name "eight eyebrows", divided into three types of large eight eyebrows, two eight eyebrows and small pig, two eight eyebrows between the big eight eyebrows and the young pig intermediate type. Coated black. Growth and development are slow.
3. Huanghuaihai black pig (including Huai pig, Laiwu pig, Shenzhou pig, horse body pig, Hetao big-eared pig)
Origin (or distribution): The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Huai River, the Hai River basin, including northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and other provinces and regions.
Main characteristics: including Huai pigs on both sides of the Huai River (Huaibei pigs, mountain pigs and stove pigs in Jiangsu Province, Dingyuan pigs in Anhui, Anhui pigs, Huainan pigs in Henan, etc.), Shenzhou pigs in Hebei, horse pigs in Shanxi, Laiwu pigs in Shandong and Big-eared pigs in Inner Mongolia.
4. Han River black pig (including black river pig, iron river pig, iron furnace pig, water brick river pig, Ankang pig, etc.)
Origin (or distribution): Han River basin in southern Shaanxi.
Main characteristics: there are two types: large-eared black pig and small-eared black pig. The former can be divided into "lion head" and "horse face" two types, horse face type pig body size, large head, straight face, long body, high legs; lion head type head short and wide, slightly concave face, large ear drooping, up to the corner of the mouth or in line with the mouth, shaped like a fan, softer ear roots, thick mouth tube. The small-eared pig's head is small, the mouth is pointed, the ears are small and thin, and the ear roots are hard, semi-drooping, only up to the eye, shaped like an apricot leaf.
5. Yimeng black pig (Yinan second stubble pig, Junan pig)
Origin (or distribution): North of Linyi City, Shandong Province.
Main characteristics: medium body size, moderate head size, forehead width, money-shaped wrinkles, medium large ears, hard ear roots, ear tips leaning forward, short and slightly pouted mouth, wide and deep chest, flat and wide back, strong limbs, gray skin, black coat, divided into large, medium and small three types.
6. Liangguang small flower pig (including Luchuan pig, Fumian pig, Gongguan pig, Guangdong small ear flower pig, Guangdong small ear flower pig includes Huangtang pig, Zhongyuan pig, Tang pig, Guixu pig)
Origin (or distribution): The southern part of the Xunjiang and Xijiang river basins adjacent to Guangdong Province and Guangxi Autonomous Region.
Main characteristics: small body size, with short head, short neck, short ears, short body, short feet and short tail and other "six short" characteristics, the forehead is wider, there are "〈〉" shaped or diamond-shaped wrinkles, there are white spots triangular star in the middle, the ears are small and flattened outwards, the back waist is wide and concave, the abdomen is large and mopped, and the body length is almost equal to the bust circumference. The coat is black and white, except for the head, ears, back, waist and hips that are black, the rest are white.
7. East Guangdong Black Pig (Huiyang Black Pig, Raoping Black Pig)
Origin (or distribution): Huiyang, Raoping and Jiaoling in Guangdong Province.
Main characteristics: the body shape is slightly rectangular, the head is clear, the forehead is wide and flat, only a few are inverted figure-eight or diamond-shaped folds, the ears are small and oblique, the mouth is slightly longer and pointeder, the jaw is narrow, the local people call "shrimp head", the back waist is slightly concave, the abdomen is slightly larger, but it does not mop the ground, the limbs are upright, firm and powerful, and the length is moderate. Coated black.
8. Hainan pigs (including Wenchang pigs, Lingao pigs, Tunchang pigs)
Origin (or distribution): Wenchang, Tunchang, Lingao County, Hainan Province.
Main characteristics: small head, slightly curved nose bridge, small and thin ears, upright, and slightly forward leaning forward, the ear roots are wider, the mouth tube is short and blunt, the body is fuller, the back is wide and slightly concave, the abdomen is large and sagging, the hips are muscular, and there are wrinkles at the fly joints. The coat color is white and black, and there is a broadband of black fur and black skin along the dorsal line from the head to the base of the tail, commonly known as the "black back strip".
9. Southern Yunnan small-eared pigs (including Dehong small-eared pigs or Jingpo pigs, dagger pigs, Mengla pigs or Aini pigs, Wenshan pigs or Ani pigs)
Origin (or distribution): Yunnan Mengla, Ruili, Yingjiang and other places.
Main characteristics: short body, ears erect and outward extension, broad back and waist, full body, thin skin, thin hair, the coat is mainly pure black, followed by "six white" and black and white flowers, and a small amount of brown. According to the body type, it is divided into large, medium and small types. Small pig masses are called "fine bone pigs", "winter melon pigs" or "oil gourd pigs". Short in stature, small in head, flat forehead without wrinkles, ears wider than ear length, mouth slightly longer, short and thick neck, fleshy underneath, short limbs, erect, small and firm hooves.
10. Fragrant pigs (including fragrant pigs from Jiang and Xiang pigs from The Huanjiang River)
Place of origin (or distribution): Guizhou Province.
Main characteristics: short body, straight head. The ears are small and thin, slightly flattened or slightly drooping to the sides, the back waist is wide and slightly concave, the abdomen is large and rounded to the ground, the hind body is fuller, the limbs are short and thin, and the hind limbs are more recumbent. There are also "six whites" in the whole black of the coat. Boars grow more slowly.
11. Five-fingered mountain pig (also known as mouse pig)
Origin (or distribution): Hainan Province.
Main characteristics: small body, delicate and compact physique. The head is small and long, the ears are small and upright, the mouth is pointed, and the mouth barrel is slightly curved. The thorax is narrow, the back and waist are straight, the abdomen is not sagging, the hips are underdeveloped, the limbs are thin and long, the coat is mostly black, the abdomen and the inside of the limbs are white, and the mane is black or brown.
12. Ningxiang pig (also known as grass punch pig or quicksand river pig)
Origin (or distribution): Ningxiang County, Hunan Province.
Main characteristics: medium body size, medium size head, forehead with different shapes and shades of horizontal wrinkles, small ears, drooping, thick and short neck, droopy flesh, wide back waist, dorsal line more concave, rib arch, abdomen sagging, thick and short limbs, thighs are under-plump, multi-recumbent, hooves, the masses call "monkey foot board", coated with black and white flowers. According to the head shape, there are three types: lion head, Fu zi head, and castrated chicken head.
13. Two black pigs in central China (including Jianli pigs, Tongcheng pigs, Shaziling pigs, two black pigs in ganxi, and Dongshan pigs)
Origin (or distribution): Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the vast area of Jiangnan.
Main characteristics: the head is short and wide, the frontal wrinkles are mostly diamond-shaped, the wrinkles are thick and deep, called "lion's head", the head is long and straight, the forehead is shallow and thin, called "swastika" or "oil mouthpiece", the ears are medium and large, and the sagging. The limbs are more solid, but the perennial captives are more common in recumbent forked hooves. The coat color is "two heads of black, the middle is white", that is, the head and neck, and the hips and tail are black, and the torso limbs are white.
14. Xiangxi black pigs (including Taoyuan black pigs, Pushi black pigs, and Daheping pigs)
Origin (or distribution): The middle and lower reaches of the Yuanjiang River in Hunan Province.
Main characteristics: strong physique, long head type and short head type, forehead has different shades of "intermediate" glyph or "figure eight" shape wrinkles, ear drooping, slightly longer middle body, flat and wide back waist, abdomen is not mopping the ground, hips are slightly inclined, thick limbs, less lying, black coat.
15. Big Flower White Pig (including Big Flower Black Pig, Guangdong Big Flower White Pig, Jinli Pig, Plum Blossom Pig, Liangcun Pig, Sibao Pig, Nipi Pig)
Origin (or distribution): Produced in the Pearl River Delta area of Guangdong Province.
Main characteristics: medium body size, slightly larger and droopy ears, more transverse wrinkles on the forehead, broad back and waist, slightly concave, large abdomen, black and white flowers, large black spots on the head and buttocks, white abdomen and limbs.
The best few black pigs to raise!
1. Laiwu black pig
Laiwu black pig is a pork breed with more characteristics in the current pork market, and is a pig breed recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Its meat quality is a tender, coupled with its own strong reproductive ability, the survival rate of cubs is high, and the fertility is extremely high, which is a high-quality breeding breed for selling pig breeds. In China, it is also one of the most mature breeding species in aquaculture technology.
2. Taihu Lake sows
The Taihu sow mainly produced in the Taihu Lake area can be described as the "pig king" of the pig industry, and it produces the most piglets per litter, and the current record of the most pups is maintained by the Taihu sow. Its advantage is that it is a piece of breeding, and its fattening is also extremely fast compared to other pig breeds. In terms of genetic performance, the high-quality output of offspring pig breeds can be guaranteed.
3. Northeast folk pigs
Native to the northeast old pig breed, world-class well-known high-quality pig breed. Because it is located in the northeast, the northeast pig can be described as the "cold-resistant pioneer" of the pig industry, and the historical poverty has not knocked it down, and the long history has cast the northeast folk pig with strong cold resistance and roughage resistance. Such geographical reasons also ensure that its flesh is compact and delicate, and the proportion of lean meat is extremely high. It is also one of the best-selling pigs in the market.
4. Eight-brow pig
This pig breed from the Loess Plateau shows everyone what is called tenacious vitality, and the production performance is extremely high. In this barren land, it can also mature very quickly, with strong absorption capacity and high resistance to stress. Eight-eyebrow pig is a kind of meat fat type pig breed, generally in 8 months can be out of the cage, about 80KG can grow. The economic return is fast, and the return will be very good.
5. Tibetan pigs
This is a pig breed mainly produced on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the harsh climate has cultivated a very high resistance of Tibetan pigs and is very adaptable. A piece of feed can be said to be all-consuming. It is biased towards petite, its own breeding is simple, and the time required for breeding management is small. The meat is rich in nutrients and the value of each part is extremely high.
There are three "inappropriate" practices for raising black pigs:
1. Green materials and concentrates should not be fed to black pigs alone
To achieve the purpose of rapid fattening, the green material must be matched with 40% concentrate. The concentrate is the full price of the general black pig, and 10% glutinous rice bran can be added to the feed. When feeding, generally feed the concentrate first, and then feed the green material, 4 times a day, each time to eat within half an hour is better, using this method to gain 800 grams per day.
2. Pellet feed to black pigs should not add water
Many farmers in the use of pellet feed to feed black pigs, still and feed a variety of powder, first add water to mix into porridge, some even use boiling water to brew or cook in the pot, which not only can not reflect the superiority of pellet feed, but also make pellet feed nutrition is destroyed. Pellet feed is made by pressing the full-price powder by the pellet feed machine. Compared with powder, it has the characteristics of good palatability, high digestibility, low incidence, large feed intake, fast home growth rate and high feed remuneration.
3. Pumpkin leaves should not be fed to black pigs
Pumpkin leaf poisoning is actually nitrite poisoning, if the weather is sunny for a long time, after sudden rain, pumpkin vine leaves absorb a lot of nitrate and nitrite from the soil, have not been digested and utilized, at this time cut to feed black pigs are prone to poisoning, so it is generally not appropriate to use pumpkin leaves to feed black pigs.
Get out of the misunderstanding of free-range black pigs to make money!
One of the misunderstandings is that black pigs should be purebred
Black pigs grow slowly, for example, Chenghua pigs weigh 100 kilograms under unlimited mixed concentrate conditions, which take 8 months, gain 420 grams per day, and consume more than 5 kilograms of feed per kilogram of weight gain, which is still raised in a pen. Duroc pigs up to 100 kg of weight of less than 180 days a day, daily weight gain of 925 grams, feed conversion rate of 1:3 or less, so do not blindly pursue the purity of black pig breeds, because feed is the determinant of pig costs, such as: Taihu lake pig + Duroc effect is good, improve growth rate, but does not affect the flavor of pork.
Myth #2: Black pigs must be stocked
Black pigs are known as "grass pigs", raising black pigs must be stocked, strengthen exercise, reduce fat, otherwise the meat quality of pork is poor. But exercise consumes energy (more materials) and extends the time to sell, which can only multiply the cost of feed. No one in Dujiangyan City who raised running mountain pigs insisted on more than 3 years, took money to conduct experiments, and collected soldiers with good capital protection. Pigs have the habit of feeding on arch soil, and the number of free-range pigs is too large, which actually destroys vegetation and causes soil erosion, so it is not recommended to raise pigs. In practice, under the condition of complete enclosure feeding, the application of fermentation bed breeding technology, the growth rate is improved, the feeding time is shortened, the fat thickness of the pork is only about 2.5cm, the marbling lean meat is increased, and the meat quality of the pork is not worse than that of the pigs.
Myth 3: Black pigs should be fed pure grain
Feed, is the general name for food fed to animals, feed raw materials are: corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, rice bran, fish meal, amino acids, miscellaneous meal (vegetable oil cake, peanut oil cake, etc.), additives (vitamins, minerals, etc.), meat bone meal, grass and other more than ten varieties. Grain is actually the main ingredient in feed, if the pig only feeds grain (grain) not only grow slowly, but also quite fat, because the energy is too high. If we prepare feed according to the nutritional needs of pigs to achieve nutritional balance, what the pigs eat is converted into meat to the greatest extent. Reducing the cost of farming is what farmers expect.
Myth #4: Black pork must be highly priced
Ask about the low feed remuneration, slow growth of black pork cost is double the cost of white pork, and the carcass lean meat rate of 42% - 46% (white pig carcass lean meat rate of more than 60), black pork can buy twice the price of white pork, consumers do not understand your breeding process, are they willing to accept high prices. The reality is that the price of black pork is also less than 30% higher than that of white pork in the market. In 2016, the pig industry is a year of making money, and the free-range black pigs are still losing money, which is also a small profit. The so-called high price of black pork 100 yuan is mostly artificially copied, only a few examples, and has no promotion value.
We should reflect on ourselves. Don't copy the concept of some people, they are digging traps for themselves, why should we wait until the day when we lose our wives and fold the soldiers. Break these misunderstandings, break the bottleneck that restricts us, and use scientific feeding methods to obtain high-quality pork, and our road will become wider and wider.