Before reading this article, please click "Follow", which is convenient for you to discuss and share, and brings you a different sense of participation, thank you for your support!
It's May Day of the year again, everyone is discussing for holidays, holidays, experts recommend endless discussions! Recently, even weekends have been on the top of the hot search! However, for most migrant workers in China, weekends are useless! It was that country that invented the weekend day, and it was the American who carried forward the double holiday, and who first proposed China's double holiday!
The origin of modern weekends
The mainland's weekends came from the suggestion of Hu Ping, then director of the China Science and Technology for Development Research Center of the State Science and Technology Commission in 1994, and I have to say that the expert leaders at that time still had reliable suggestions! The most famous quote: why do other countries work five days a week and we can't work six or seven days?
As early as the Han Dynasty, China implemented a five-day work system. There is a record in Zhang Shouyi's "Justice" in the Tang Dynasty: Han officials take a vacation on five days. "There is a clear record in the Book of Han: Five Days of Worship."
The origin of modern weekends comes from the United States, weekends were first "invented" by a cotton workshop in New England, USA, in order to avoid conflicts between workers of the two sects, it was simply decided to give employees holidays on Saturday and Sunday!
And the real one who makes the weekend carry forward is the American, car king Henry Ford
A young genius full of engineering
Henry Ford was a mechanic born with engineering skills, and when others played with toys, his favorite was all kinds of wrench tools. Born July 30, 1863 in Greenfield, Michigan. The eldest of the six brothers, he set up his own mechanical workshop at the age of 12 when others were still playing! At the age of 15, he built his own internal combustion engine!
At the age of 17, he went to work alone at the Michigan Auto Manufacturing Company in Detroit, only to be resigned after only six days for Ford, for reasons that stunned his old father! "I can fix a machine that takes hours for a good employee to repair," Ford said, "and the rest of the company was very upset with me," Ford said.
Part-time job for Edison
Ford, who has a full degree of engineering, has successively worked in mechanical repair, watch repair, ship repair and other work! In order not to succumb to others, and his goal of opening a factory that manufactures machinery, he also said goodbye to his rich and warm home and went to work for Edison! At Edison Electric Company, learn electrical knowledge while working.
On Christmas Day 1983, he received his own gift, and the successful trial of his Ford gasoline engine encouraged him because he was one step closer to developing a "horse-drawn carriage without horses". Ford developed three cars in the following years, becoming recognized as a prominent figure in the field.
The Ford Model 999 travels around the United States
However, compared to his engineering skills, his business skills are not on display at this moment! Instead, if you set up a company, you will fail a company! His sponsors forced Ford to leave the company, which was later the famous Cadillac!
Undeterred, Ford and 11 like-minded friends spent $28,000 to establish the Ford Motor Company in 1903! It also designed a car that can drive a mile in 39.4 seconds, Ford 999! A famous racing athlete even used the Ford Model 999 and drove it around the United States of America! Now Ford is completely famous!
The best magician of the automotive age
And what made Ford famous and won the title of the best magician of the automobile era was his reform of automobile production!
In the world, the father of the car is only Carl Fritledge Bentz, and similarly, only Henry Ford enjoys the reputation of "car king", which can be described as unprecedented and unprecedented.
On October 1, 1908, Ford introduced the Model T. With the birth of the "car of the century", Ford began the production management of the factory! He rationally arranged the work, so that the original 28 people assembled 175 piston levers per day, and by dividing the workers into three groups and installing pulley drives on the stools, he achieved the efficiency improvement of 7 people who could assemble 2600 piston levers per day.
Pipeline mode
Through the thorough decomposition and optimization of the production process, Ford has brought the assembly line model into the production of cars for the first time! And in 1913, the world's first automobile assembly line was established. This method is called the Ford system and is promoted all over the world! On the basis of standardization, all operations were mechanized and automated, which greatly increased the production volume of Ford cars at that time!
Ford famously said, "As a leader, the employer's goal should be to pay workers higher wages than any other company in the industry." ”
He reduced his working hours from 9 hours to 8 hours and provided regular wages and benefits to tens of thousands of people with disabilities! It is also an American who carries forward the weekend and holidays!
Carry forward weekends
This is how May Day came about! In October 1884, eight international and national workers' groups in the United States and Canada held a rally in Chicago, USA, and decided to hold a general strike on May 1, 1886, forcing the capitalists to implement an eight-hour workday. In order to commemorate this great workers' movement, in July 1889, at the founding congress of the Second International organized by Engels, it was announced that the first of May every year would be designated as International Labor Day, referred to as "May Day". This decision received an immediate positive response from workers around the world.
On May 1, 1890, the working class in Europe and the United States took the lead in taking to the streets and held grand demonstrations and rallies to fight for legitimate rights and interests. Since then, on this day, working people from all over the world have gathered and marched to celebrate.
And the internationally recognized first to implement weekends is the United States!
Of course, it is not entirely the credit of Ford, when the Great Depression in the United States affected all walks of life, fewer jobs, slow economic circulation, workers had nothing to do, weekends were gradually promoted, and the United States began to introduce labor regulations that were 40 hours a week!
Ford in the United States directly stopped the production line on Saturday and Sunday to promote weekends!
Changing the way American workers work
Although Ford's name is associated with the concept of mass production, he also deserves praise for the protection of labor! Even by today's standards, the work standards set by Ford in 1913 are very advanced!
He first changed the daily working hours from 10-12 hours to 8 hours, and the factory randomly changed from two shifts to three shifts, improving sick leave and work-related injury medical treatment, and institutionalizing it! It is also the first company to establish the American Lanxiang, he set up a technical school to train technicians, and also set up an English school for immigrants to learn English, and it is also a company that employs disabled people in large quantities, giving fair and reasonable wages!
And he helped many people put down roots in the United States in that era when immigrants were overexploited!
With the invention of assembly line assembly, he made the Model T produce 15 million in two decades, and the car went from a "rich man's patent" of five or six thousand dollars to a mass consumer product of several hundred dollars. It also made cars a necessity for Americans, changing the way American workers and Americans live!