Craftsman Zhimeng pet science popularization class | amphibious reptile turtle turtle in the order of the turtle "turtle" is not involved in insurance at all, but with the purchase and sale contract can be raised personally, artificial breeding technology mature involves the protection of the need to have a domestication and breeding certificate and a legal source certificate to breed

Ornamental turtle breeding in our country is also a long history, this year, there are constantly calls to prohibit the raising of cats and dogs other than pets, your ancestors brought you something, you don't want it? However, it is worth mentioning that many turtles and turtles raised by the ancestors are now protected animals and cannot be raised indiscriminately. Because there are many species involved in the turtle and turtle order, there are all kinds of pet markets, special phenotypes and a variety of hybrid turtles, many bloggers are not very familiar, this time mainly talk about the common bar. Since a large part of the turtles in the turtle order belongs to aquatic wild animals, the policies and regulations involved are relatively special, and in this issue we divide them into three categories - those that are not involved in insurance at all, those that involve insurance but can be raised personally with a purchase and sale contract, and those that need to have a certificate of domestication and breeding and a certificate of legal origin to be raised. Note that all the bloggers' previous articles do not consider the local protection level (provincial protected animals), and the specific implementation methods of various places may have certain differences, so before breeding, it is best to ask the local forestry department whether they can be raised, of course, everyone who is not involved in insurance at all can rest assured that they can definitely be raised individually.

<h1>No insurance involved at all</h1>

The blogger here does not involve insurance means that it is not included in the protection list, and if it is necessary to carry out batch production and operation activities, it is necessary to apply for a business license

The most common is definitely the Brazilian turtle, said tall on the Mississippi red-eared turtle, seriously, don't look down on this turtle, the last time the blogger listened to people, expensive to tens of thousands of it, in the pet market you can see are the primary color Brazilian turtle or the most common variant phenotype, and after artificial breeding, the current Brazilian turtle is a variety of patterns, colors, bloggers do not know what different phenotypes are called, so do not note, anyway it is a Brazilian turtle. Last time I heard that there was a place that confiscated Brazilian turtles according to wild animals that are not under national key protection? This professionalism, you are afraid that you are not the turtle son and turtle grandson born of the Brazilian turtle, and you are not in a hurry to return it to others. There are also Brazilian turtles that belong to invasive alien species, which will seriously persecute the native turtle species in China, warning three times, strictly prohibiting release, strictly prohibiting release, and strictly prohibiting release. There is a detailed description of the mutated Brazilian turtle in the breeding portal, which you can check out. Sorry for stealing two pictures of turtle addiction world.

Brazilian Turtle Breeding Portal: http://www.360doc.com/content/19/0721/01/60974699_850053547.shtml

https://www.sohu.com/a/280961625_648764

Mississippi red-eared turtle, Brazilian turtle, not involved in insurance

Next up is a relative of the Brazilian tortoise, the Mississippi yellow-eared turtle. It is also not involved in insurance. However, domestic hybridization is more serious.

Mississippi yellow-eared turtle, not involved in insurance

Flame turtles, not involved in protection, have also recently become quite popular, and the breeding of various phenotypes is also quite popular.

Flame turtle, not involved in protection

Turtle genus (note the tip)

Map Turtle Genus: There are 13 separate species in the map turtle genus, and there are subspecies among several independent species, which add up to a total of 16 "species". At present, all genera are listed in CITES Appendix III, regardless of the mainland. I always felt that this turtle looked very cute. However, it should be noted that the 2018 Announcement No. 69 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China refers to the approval of the wild population of the genus Tugui with reference to the national second-level key protected animals. So don't buy wild individuals of this genus. In other words, you should find a well-documented merchant to buy a species of the genus Tugui with a purchase and sale contract.

Give a portal, too much: https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv2361690 bloggers are a little tired.

Map turtles in Vohito

Macular map turtle, not involved in protection

Binsa map turtle, not involved in insurance

Another portal for the turtle genus: https://dy.163.com/article/DOMKMOTI0520KB8S.html

Crocodile turtle

Next is the cool crocodile turtle, in the student era, the blogger has always wanted to raise a cool crocodile turtle, but limited to the environment, eventually did not raise, now raise, there is no time, so "life must be happy" haha, the premise is not involved in insurance, and this sentence is used in the crocodile turtle is very appropriate, many people may have noticed, 2019 CITES Appendix Chinese edition, quasi-crocodile turtle (china is called a small crocodile turtle, The said Florida alligator turtle is also a kind of quasi-alligator turtle) and the large alligator turtle are listed in CITES Appendix III, which is not good news, because CITES is used to restrict the international trade of wild populations, regardless of artificial populations, and the United States does have exports and even smuggling of these two turtles, and it is still possible to upgrade to CITES Appendix II in the future, so we must pay more attention to CITES Appendix. For alligator turtles, the country has also begun to breed, there are many special typotypes, gold, marble or whatever, bloggers do not understand these, but bloggers think that according to the degree of coolness: large crocodile turtle &gt; Florida alligator turtle &gt; North American alligator turtle, personal opinion, do not like to spray.

Alligator Tortoise Gene Portal: https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv3559284

Release is strictly prohibited

Large alligator turtle, not involved in insurance

Florida quasi-crocodile turtle, not involved in insurance, stole the picture of the sticker bar, don't be angry

What you usually see in restaurants, or say on the side of the road about a century-old turtle, a thousand-year-old turtle, or a construction site, is basically a North American alligator turtle.

North American alligator turtle, not involved in insurance

Genus Nishiki

The turtle is more interesting and looks more similar, mainly by looking at the abdominal carapace to distinguish. There is only one species in the genus Golden Turtle: the Golden Turtle, but this species is divided into four subspecies: the model subspecies (Eastern Golden Turtle), the Western Golden Turtle, the Southern Golden Turtle, and the Central Golden Turtle.

Differentiate portals: https://www.sohu.com/a/245601807_648764

Western turtle, not involved in insurance

Eastern turtle, not involved in protection

Southern turtle, not involved in protection

Central turtle, not involved in insurance

Egg turtles

Next is the huge breasted turtle family (that is, what we call the egg turtle) family, the trade name xx musk turtle, xx mud turtle, xx egg turtle, xx large musk turtle, etc., this family is more fans, bloggers have not yet figured out, anyway, all the protection list does not have this family of species, is a more ideal water turtle pet, and the size is relatively small, unlike the large crocodile turtle such adults need a lot of space later.

It should be noted that the mud turtle brothers in Appendix II are not from the egg turtle family.

The first must be an introduction to the most common on the market – the Mississippi musk turtle. The price is cheap.

Mississippi musk turtle, not involved in insurance

Then there are the razor turtles, if I remember correctly, our side of the aquarium seems to sell two or three hundred, I can't remember. It's also very common, and it's also very personal.

Razor turtle, not involved in insurance

A turtle that looks very similar to the razorback turtle, the giant musk turtle, but the giant musk turtle has a radial pattern on the back and is more beautiful.

Giant musk turtle, not involved in insurance

Contrast portals of the Giant Musk Turtle and the Razor Turtle:

http://hanhan850813.blog.163.com/blog/static/1318436022012429112434401/

In recent years, the more popular strip-necked musk turtle seems to be called tiger-striped egg turtle in China, and the price is more expensive.

Strip-necked musk turtle, not involved in insurance

Pitted mud turtle

Fruit-pit mud turtle, not involved in insurance

Mississippi mud turtle

It seems to be called a helmeted egg turtle in China.

Mississippi mud turtle, not involved in insurance

Mississippi mud turtle with hair color, not involved in protection

The very famous narrow bridge box turtle is called the narrow bridge egg turtle in China.

Narrow bridge box turtle, not involved in insurance

Yellow mud turtle, called Huangze mud turtle in China.

Yellow mud turtle, not involved in insurance

Red-faced mud turtle, called red-faced egg turtle in China.

Red-faced mud turtle, not involved in insurance

White-lipped mud turtle, not involved in insurance.

White-lipped mud turtle, not involved in insurance

The egg turtle is afraid that the list is not finished, and the portal will understand it for itself.

Egg turtles commonly found on the mainland: https://www.sohu.com/a/133570117_650158

Chinese and English name comparison: https://baike.so.com/doc/5704222-5916939.html

There are also various commodities called donuts or something, do not want to write a good tired: send a large portal: https://dy.163.com/article/DOMKMOTI0520KB8S.html, inside the drill turtle do not look, is the CITES Appendix II inside, the rest are completely fine.

Plesiosaur family Chelidae

It should be noted that the snake-necked turtles we can usually buy are basically not the two in Appendix I and Appendix II of CITES, so there is no need to worry about legal issues. For fear of misleading readers, I will only release pictures of common species that can be legally reared, and the two in the CITES appendix will be released later. Usually the pet market commonly includes flat-headed (West's) long-necked turtle, Eastern Australian long-necked turtle, Hillary long-necked turtle (called Hilary toad head turtle in China), tattooed long-necked turtle, wrinkled long-necked turtle, Lehman (scale-backed) long-necked turtle

Plesiosaur Portal: http://www.360doc.com/content/15/0407/00/7862201_461159114.shtml

CITES Appendix Plesiosaur family

Flat-headed long-necked turtle, not involved in protection

Tattooed long-necked turtle, not involved in insurance

Wrinkled long-necked turtle, not involved in insurance

Dong'ao long-necked turtle, not involved in insurance

Hillary long-necked turtle, not involved in protection

Lehman long-necked turtle, not involved in insurance

Lateral-necked turtle family Poocnemididae

In this family, South American side-necked turtles (such as yellow-headed side-necked turtles) don't think about it, consider considering part of Africa.

Portal of the Genus South American Side-necked Turtle: http://www.360doc.com/content/15/0406/14/7862201_461017249.shtml

African Side-necked Turtle Portal: https://www.sohu.com/a/239140496_648764

The only african-origin lateral turtle family listed in CITES Appendix II: simply not available on the market. This big yellow glans is very sexy.

Madagascar enlarged head side-necked turtle, CITES Appendix II

The following are the African side-necked turtles that can be bred (the list is incomplete, depending on the portal):

Swamp side neck turtle, not involved in protection

The highest value, Kenyan side-necked turtle, not involved in insurance

Kenyan side-necked turtle, not involved in protection

West African side-necked turtle, not involved in protection

<h1>Insurance involved but accompanied by a purchase and sale contract can be raised by individuals

</h1>

Since this category is mentioned, it is certain to mention an announcement - Announcement No. 69 (2018) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China. I think it's a huge improvement.

Official link: http://www.moa.gov.cn/nybgb/2018/201811/201901/t20190102_6165921.htm

The blogger's interpretation of this announcement is that merchants holding legal introduction certificates, aquatic wildlife domestication and breeding licenses, aquatic wildlife concession transportation certificates, and aquatic wildlife business utilization licenses can sell the species that distinguish between wild and artificial populations in the announcement to individuals who do not have domestication and breeding certificates, but need to complete the transaction with the purchaser in the form of a purchase and sale contract. In this announcement, a large part of the protection level of aquatic wild animals has been approved, and some aquatic wild animals in the CITES appendix have begun to distinguish between artificial populations and wild populations, and only approve wild populations to be subject to domestic management with reference to animals under national key protection, while artificial populations are treated differently and do not refer to wild animals under national key protection. Species that were originally included in the list of animals under national key protection shall be managed domestically in accordance with the level of animals under national key protection. There are also documents that are not common to all species, but are limited to the species specified on the documents.

In actual market behavior, the specific implementation is that a legal merchant with complete documents sells to the purchaser with a purchase and sale contract, but it is limited to the species that distinguish between wild and artificial populations in the announcement. However, some places may not recognize such a practice, and it is recommended that enthusiasts ask the local authorities before purchasing.

So how do individuals prove that what they are raising is not a wild population?

Therefore, a purchase and sale contract is extremely important to prove that the individual you hold is a well-documented farm artificial breeding individual, not a wild population, and at the critical moment, it is an "exoneration gold medal" to avoid legal risks for you. The purchaser must request a contract of purchase and sale from the merchant and carefully verify whether the merchant is qualified to sell the species, i.e. whether it has the relevant documents mentioned above. If you refuse to provide a purchase and sale contract, do not buy it, because in the event of judicial proceedings involved, you cannot prove that the individual you hold in your hands is an artificially bred individual, then it is likely to be convicted and sentenced according to the level of protection of the wild population. We usually encounter the following confusion, and I will use specific scenarios to answer them for you.

A purchased five yellow-throated water turtles from fully documented B, with a purchase and sale contract attached. After keeping them for a while, A didn't want to keep them, so he sold two of them to C, along with copies of the purchase and sale contract that C had previously obtained from B. Since no one had bought it for a long time, A began to try to breed the yellow-throated water turtle, and successfully bred 10 larvae with the remaining three yellow-throated water turtles. But A couldn't raise so many of them, so he sold the ten juveniles to D.

In the above scenario, B's sale of yellow-throated water turtles to A is legal. However, the sale of A-C and A-D is illegal. A-C because A does not have a license to operate and utilize, A-D because A does not have a domestication and breeding license and a license to operate and utilize. Moreover, the acts of C and D are also illegal in a certain sense, but they are generally not prosecuted.

Therefore, even if you buy a turtle from a legal merchant (without various documents, only a purchase and sale contract), and with a purchase and sale contract, it cannot be resold, let alone bred and then sold.

Individuals recommend not to buy species approved for implementation with reference to the national level key protected animals, because the documents involving the national level of key protection are very difficult to handle, need to go to the ministerial level of the competent department, the national second level key protection of animals need to be handled at the provincial level, and the approval of the national level of key protected animals must be for a reason, the rapid decline in the wild population and so on.

The following is a screenshot of the announcement distinguishing between artificial and wild populations, which we will explain in separate maps. I will not note the level of protection to the picture, everyone look at the screenshot for yourself.

We generally can't buy the species of the plesiosaur family in the picture, so we don't talk about it, and I am interested in checking the information myself. But the two-clawed turtle is easy to buy, which is what we call the pig-nosed turtle, and 99% of the sellers do not have sales qualifications, and there are still a large number of enthusiasts and merchants in illegal sales, we must be careful!

Two-clawed turtle, also known as pig-nosed turtle

The trade name in our country is mud turtle for the Mesoamerican river turtle.

Portal: https://www.sohu.com/a/137857047_170981

Mud turtles

The genus Offidgets is not to be said, as mentioned earlier, let's start with the hottest box turtle.

Box turtle

Box Turtle Portal: http://www.360doc.com/content/17/0225/10/12175788_631860145.shtml

Box turtle Terrapenecoahuila, you can't buy it at all, don't think about it. What can be seen are the eastern box turtle, three-toed box turtle, etc., the box turtle is very popular in the United States and other places, equivalent to the status of the closed shell turtle in the minds of chinese enthusiasts.

The following box turtle picture poster purchase link: https://theturtleroom.org/product/terrapene-carolina-yucatana-yucatan-box-turtle-poster/ do not know whether to send it to China

Box turtle Terrapene coahuila, also known as swamp box turtle

Yucatan box turtle

Eastern box turtle

Three-toed box turtle

Florida box turtle

Bayshore box turtle

Mexican box turtle

See the source image

If you are interested in checking for yourself, the box turtle is a fairy breed that experiences similar to raising tortoises.

Spotted pond turtles and diamond turtles are also very popular this year, and many people in China are carrying out artificial breeding, and their appearance is very high.

Spotted pond turtle

Drill turtle

Wood carved turtles are also popular, but the blogger has not seen it in the case.

Wood carved water turtle

Brinell turtles are not common.

Brinell's turtle

There doesn't seem to be a particularly popular turtle species here, and the Blackpool turtle is a little more popular.

Blackpool turtle

Saltwater turtle

This goods is also raised in China, but I heard that it is not easy to raise.

Indian pan-backed turtle

Pictures are a bit mushy, all kinds of tide turtles.

Forget about your own search, the popularity is not high, do not want to say more

Don't look at this screenshot there are only three lines, this is the highlight, because most of the closed-shell turtle genus is distributed in China. Note that the three-line closed-shell turtle (money turtle) and the Yunnan closed-shell turtle do not distinguish between artificial populations and wild populations, even if you have a purchase and sale contract, it is useless. Farms may raise, but neither species of closed-shell turtle may be sold to natural persons or organizations that are not qualified for domestication and breeding. Therefore, the market common can hold the purchase and sale contract of the way for personal breeding there are the following: (it should be noted that the closed shell turtle is poached very badly, many farms in the help of individuals or themselves to carry out poaching whitewashing activities, found any "wild" "downhill turtle" label of the closed shell turtle, please actively report to the relevant departments, if you find that there is poaching and whitewashing activities in the farm, please retain the evidence, and report to the competent authorities according to law)

Yellow-edged closed-shell turtles are divided into An-rim, Taiwan-edge, Yellow-edged Closed-shell turtles from Japan, etc., bloggers are not clear, so the pictures given will not be distinguished.

Yellow-rimmed closed-shell turtle

Ambhu closed-shell turtle

Gold-headed closed-shell turtle

Yellow-fronted closed-shelled turtle

Saw-edged closed-shell turtle

There are also several that have not been seen on the market, so they are not listed. Previous articles have been detailed. Now there is a more popular on the market, folk call it "Qiongya turtle" or "saw-fronted closed-shell turtle", in fact, it is the product of the hybridization of saw-edge closed-shell turtle and yellow-fronted closed-shell turtle, as shown in the following figure:

Qiongya closed-shell turtle

However, in the recent "List of Wild Animals under National Key Protection (Draft for Comments)", only the yellow-edged closed-shell turtle and the three-line closed-shell turtle in the genus of closed-shell turtles have noted "only wild populations", and it is not known how the new list will be implemented in the end, but according to the speculation of the blogger, these two kinds of closed-shell turtles may only be raised in the future. However, it is a warning that the three-line closed-shell turtle is currently not divided into wild populations and artificial populations, and cannot be raised without a license with a purchase and sale contract.

Three-line closed-shell turtle

Japanese ground turtle

Crowned grass turtle, to be honest, the blogger has not yet seen it in the pet market

Crown-backed grass turtle, uncommon

Temple turtle, more common, seems to be called yellow-headed temple turtle in China. But a large part of them are descending turtles

Temple turtle

Try to buy less flat oriental turtles

Flat eastern turtle

The Great Eastern Turtle seems to be called the Golden Thread Temple Turtle in China.

Great Eastern turtle

Saw-edged oriental turtles, also known as thorny mountain turtles, warn, do not buy, basically all wild individuals, illegal poaching whitewashed.

Saw-edged oriental turtle

Wild individuals of Malay turtles, temple turtles, big-headed Malay turtles, and Great Eastern turtles all flow into the market in large quantities

Malay turtle

Big-headed Malay turtle

<h1>Annan turtle, artificial breeding technology mature</h1>

Annan turtle

Bloggers have never seen a Japanese water turtle, do not discuss hahaha

Japanese water turtle

Yellow-throated water turtle, also known as stone money turtle, this blogger is very familiar, deliberately to understand, the country is divided into many production areas, called what "Xiaoqing" or whatever, and the country has begun to breed the process, artificial breeding is quite mature, but there are still poaching.

The hybridization is severe, a portal that distinguishes purebreds: https://www.yangguiren.com/thread-23130-1-1.html

Yellow-throated water turtle

The two figures are compared, that is to say, the new version of the "National Key Protection List" to be released in the future is not distinguished between the field population and artificial population of the eye-spotted water turtle and the four-eyed water turtle (trade name: four-eyed), do not know how the future will be implemented, it is recommended that enthusiasts first wait and see, do not blindly buy, and the artificial breeding level of these two turtles is also very immature, and the wild population is stolen and whitewashed very seriously.

Eye-spotted water turtle

Four-eyed spotted water turtle

There is some controversy about the black-necked turtle, and some people think that the black-necked turtle is only a turtle (Chinese grass turtle) from Guangdong.

Black-necked tortoise

Montenegro turtle, Indian swamp turtle, bloggers do not know.

Montenegrin tortoise

Indian swamp turtle

Nice strange back armor

Fruit turtle

I felt like a turtle species.

Giant tortoise

All species of the genus Pan-backed turtle (except Appendix I species)

Cites Appendix I in the genus Pan-backed turtle

Thick-necked turtle

Thunder Island rough-necked turtle

Very joyful species, red with green, high-end color matching

Cane forest turtle

One of the most controversial screenshots.

Turtle I will not introduce, to put it bluntly is the common grass turtle, also called the Chinese grass turtle.

The effectiveness of this species has been controversial, and there are research results that the Ai's water turtle is a hybrid of the yellow-throated water turtle and the three-line closed-shell turtle, how to do it, look forward to the future relevant researchers for us to answer it.

Ai's quasi-water turtle

Big-headed turtle, commonly used name in the market, large-headed grass turtle has a lot of appearances, has been sought after. There is also controversy, some people think that the big head turtle can not become an independent subspecies, it is likely to repeatedly eat a variety of hard foods, such as snails, mussels, etc., muscles are constantly exercised, hyperplasia, and finally become a big head turtle.

The big-headed turtle, also known as the big-headed grass turtle

The effectiveness of the Lashio water turtle is also controversial, with it said that the Lashio water turtle is a hybrid of the yellow-throated water turtle and the turtle (Chinese grass turtle).

Lashio quasi-water turtle

Flower turtles, common in wet markets. It is generally called the Chinese flower turtle.

Flower turtle

Missing jawed flower turtle: Many people believe that this species is the product of the hybridization of the flower turtle (Chinese flower turtle) and the yellow-throated water turtle, and some people believe that it evolved from the cross-breeding of the flower turtle and the Annan turtle. See Figure A below for details

Fei's flower turtle: It is possible that the flower turtle (Chinese flower turtle) and the three-line closed shell turtle are hybridized. See Figure B below for details

Extranet Literature: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/mages-of-living-Ocadia-glyphistoma-O-philippeni-and-Sacalia-pseudocellata-modified_fig1_40663209

The octoprotective water turtle is distributed in Hainan, but it is also said that the ocular water turtle is a hybrid formed by the natural hybridization of the yellow-throated water turtle and the four-eyed water turtle. See Figure C above for details

Mimetic spotted water turtle

<h1>Insurance-related needs to have a certificate of domestication and breeding and proof of legal origin before it can be raised</h1>

Tortoise family

Tortoises see clearly, absolutely do not buy randomly, CITES Appendix II started, many are CITES Appendix I.

At present, there are three kinds of tortoises naturally distributed in China: four-clawed tortoise (national first-level key protection), concave-beaked tortoise (also called unicorn tortoise, national second-level key protected animal), Burmese tortoise (three protected animals), but after a while, there will be changes, all of which will be upgraded to national first-level key protected animals, and the changes in the recent "National Key Protected Animal List (Draft for Comments)" are as follows:

There is a certain controversy about the current level of protection of Burmese tortoises, cites appendix I, three in the list of protected animals, immediately no controversy. The tortoise family is not distinguished between wild populations and artificial populations, those who say that they can be raised with legal sources, that is, farting, where do you get the qualifications to make laws and regulations?

The picture of the tortoise is troublesome for you to turn forward, I have a very detailed introduction, I am too lazy to find a picture one by one, anyway, remember that the tortoise is the strictest of all the turtles, do not reach out, reach out will be caught. Sulcata tortoises, Seychellois tortoises (Aldabra tortoises), Angeloka tortoises, spoke tortoises, leopard tortoises and so on are frequently seized.

Flat-breasted turtle family

Many people are more familiar with it, and I also had a detailed introduction before, that is, what we call "eagle-billed turtle" and "big-headed turtle" and so on. It was listed in Appendix I of CITES, and at the same time, the 2018 Announcement No. 69 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China approved all species of the family regardless of artificial populations and wild populations as national key protected animals, so this is a national level key protected animal, do not raise, trade, transport, poach privately.

In the recent draft for comments, it has also been added as a national-level key protected animal.

Flat-breasted turtle, a national key protected animal

This article is excerpted from the "Animal and Plant Popularization" interested students can click on Weibo to follow Oh ~ ~