In Guansi Village, Zhongao Town, Dazu District, Long Yuanyou and his wife Xie Shiying are herding black goats. Correspondent Qu Bo photographed \ Visual Chongqing
Opening remarks
On October 22, the National Animal Husbandry and Fishery Work Conference was held in Chongqing. The meeting pointed out that animal husbandry and fishery is an important industry that has a bearing on the national economy and the people's livelihood, directly related to the "vegetable basket" of the people, related to the increase of income of farmers, animals, animals, animal husbandry and fishermen, and is also an important foundation for maintaining the stability of the overall price level.
In recent years, Chongqing has taken the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy as the general starting point of the "three rural" work in the new era, accelerated the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, vigorously developed modern mountainous characteristics and efficient agriculture with "small scale, multiple varieties, high quality, and good price", and created a piece of high-quality "golden signboard". Especially in animal husbandry and fisheries, the city focuses on the modern seed industry, vigorously protects the agricultural "chip", and has made outstanding achievements in research and development and innovation, which has become a highlight of accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.
This newspaper today launched the "'Livestock' Momentum - Chongqing Animal Husbandry Industry Series Report", focusing on the city's achievements in the fields of Dazu black sheep, Rongchang pigs, biological agents and animal vaccines and the next development focus, please pay attention to it.
On October 13, experts from the Sheep Industry and Characteristic Livestock Industry Standardization Working Group of the National Animal Husbandry Standardization Committee reviewed the agricultural industry standard "Dazu Black Goat" drafted by Dazu District in conjunction with Southwest University and the Municipal Animal Husbandry Technology Station in Beijing, and finally agreed to pass it unanimously.
Just two months ago, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs released the list of national livestock and poultry genetic resources breeding farms (the first batch), and the national Dazu Black Goat Breeding Farm was prominently listed, becoming the only goat-type national livestock and poultry resource protection farm in our city.
All this has made the scientific and technological personnel and ordinary farmers engaged in the development of the Dazu black goat industry feel very excited. Huang Deli, an expert in animal husbandry and head of the National Dazu Black Goat Breeding Farm, said: "After more than 10 years of breed protection and industrial development, the value of Dazu black goats has been recognized by more and more people, and now people come to us to buy breeding sheep almost every day!" ”
Since 2003, due to the continuous adherence to breed protection and expansion of herd efficiency, the herd of Dazu black goats has increased from more than 4,000 to 185,000, with a comprehensive output value of more than 1 billion yuan. In the past two years, the Dazu black goat industry has also extended to food processing, catering and other fields, and an industrial chain of integrated development of one, two and three industries has been formed.
Breeding and Breeding, Launching a "Defense War" for Good Seeds
On October 23, after layers of epidemic prevention and disinfection, Chongqing Daily reporters walked into the National Dazu Black Goat Breeding Farm in Shima Town, Dazu District, and the black goats were raised in separate houses according to different groups and growth stages in the factory area, and set up pregnant houses, nursing houses, ram houses and other pens.
The reporter saw that in a ram pen, the sheep were leisurely moving in the pen with the right temperature, and each sheep had a yellow ear tag on its ear. "This is their 'identity card', which records their respective blood relations and index data of each growth stage, and is one of the key measures for the protection and breeding of Dazu black goat breeds." Huang Deli introduced.
Back in the spring of 2003, Professor Zhang Jiahua, then vice president of Southwest Agricultural University, came to Dazu to carry out the field investigation of the former Ministry of Agriculture on the goat breeding project in the southwest region, during which the Dazu black goat breed was discovered, and after the census, it was found that the breed has excellent genetic characteristics with obvious multi-fetal performance, and each litter can generally produce 3 litters, and even up to 6 litters.
But at that time, some villagers had begun to introduce other breeds for disorderly hybridization, which was nothing short of a disaster for the already small number of large-footed black goats! Immediately afterward, a breed defense war for the Big Foot Black Goat began.
Demarcate breeding areas, build breeding farms, build a three-level breeding system, compile dazu black goat rating standards... Breeding and breeding has become the top priority of the development of the Black Goat industry in Dazu.
Today, through breeding and breeding, the number of Breeding Sheep of Dazu Black Mountain Sheep in the district has reached 55,000. According to the relevant person in charge of the Agricultural and Rural Committee of Dazu District, the number of breeding sheep will reach 100,000 in 2025 through measures such as new strain breeding and seed farm construction.
Expand the group and increase efficiency, amplify the industrial benefits
Fast forward to the end of the year, and the annual Dazu District Black Goat Festival is coming. The Black Goat Festival is also known as the goat "beauty pageant" of the goat race. For the upcoming race and recuperation, Tang Renxuan of Qilin Village in Tieshan Town is looking forward to it - last year, her sheep was named "Queen of Sheep" and won a prize of 10,000 yuan; this year, she hopes to stand on the podium again.
Tang Renxuan began raising sheep in 2016, because she heard that black goats sold at a starting price, and in her previous impression, villagers raised sheep mostly out of traditional habits, there were not many farmers, and the amount was not large.
"Only doing seed preservation, the group of Big Foot Black Goat is doomed to be difficult to grow, the efficiency cannot be improved, and the significance of seed preservation cannot be discussed." Huang Deli said that with the help of the development of poverty alleviation work and the development of modern mountainous characteristics and efficient agriculture, the local government has introduced a preferential breeding policy of "borrowing sheep to return sheep", that is, farmers can borrow sheep from the breeding farm for free, and the ewes can be returned in full after production, eliminating the financial burden of farmers and rapidly expanding the scale of breeding.
In order to guide farmers in scientific breeding, in recent years, agricultural technicians of the local animal husbandry system in Dazu, technicians of seed preservation farms and the expert team of Professor Zhang Jiahua have often gone deep into various townships to carry out technical guidance.
What is the benefit of raising black goats? Tang Renxuan calculated an account: Tieshan Town is in a shallow hilly area that can be grazed and raised, if the sheep are not sick, there is almost no cost expenditure, according to the calculation of 80 catties of a sheep, each sheep can sell for nearly 2,000 yuan.
Huang Deli said that at present, according to the breeding conditions in different regions, the local three breeding modes of grazing, semi-grazing and semi-feeding and pen-based breeding have been formed, and the net income of the latter two sheep is about 1200 yuan and 800 yuan respectively.
The government guides the benefits of the industry, and now, Dazu black goat breeding has covered all townships in Dazu. This year, Dazu also issued the "Dazu Black Goat Industry Development Action Plan (2021-2025)", proposing that by 2025, together with the black goats of eastern Sichuan in Sichuan, it will build a 2 million black goat industrial belt along the Chongqing line, and build Dazu into a "core demonstration area of the black goat industrial belt in southern China".
Extend development and build the whole industrial chain
In recent years, under the leadership of the leading enterprise Tengda Animal Husbandry Company (hereinafter referred to as Tengda Company), Dazu Black Goat has jumped out of the traditional single breeding and extended to the secondary and tertiary industries such as food processing and catering.
At the end of last year, the Flagship Store of Dazu Black Goat Catering built by Tengda Company was officially opened; last month, the slaughtering production line with an annual slaughter volume of 200,000 pieces led by the company was officially put into operation; this month, Tengda Company and the Food Processing College of Southwest University cooperated to develop braised lamb cooked food products have been processed for the first batch and are about to stride into the market.
In fact, in order to extend the black goat industry chain, Tengda Company has established cooperation with the School of Food Science of Southwest University in 2019, and launched 4 self-heating lamb rice noodle series products in 2020. "The cooked food products we have launched this time can be better combined with the Tourism Industry of Dazu Rock Carvings as souvenirs for tourists to choose from." Huang Deli said.
It is understood that in the next step, Tengda Company is ready to work in two directions: one is to prepare for the listing of cold fresh meat products through cold chain distribution; the other is to work with Southwest University to overcome the processing technology of mutton jerky and develop the first domestic jerky ready-to-eat products.
In addition to food processing, Dazu District still has many plans for the development of the whole industrial chain of black goats, such as sheep feed processing. The relevant person in charge of the Agricultural and Rural Committee of Dazu District said that according to the industrial development plan, the total amount of black goat breeding in the whole region will reach 300,000 by 2025, and the demand for feed is bound to increase. With the help of the construction of the twin-city economic circle in Chengdu-Chongqing region, in the future, Dazu will take the lead in forming the Sichuan-Chongqing Black Goat Industry Alliance to carry out research and development in forage planting and processing, breeding and matching, disease prevention and control, and product processing to improve comprehensive benefits.
Huang Deli revealed that in the past two years, Dazu District will also invest 30 million yuan to 50 million yuan to implement the digital upgrading and transformation of the entire industrial chain of Dazu black goat, and develop a comprehensive management platform, big data platform and trading platform on the basis of the current dazu black goat intelligent breeding system to accelerate the pace of high-quality development of the Dazu black goat industry.
Source: Chongqing Daily