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The snake order is a large family, and about 3,000 species are now known, of which about 650 are poisonous snakes. Its worldwide distribution is mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is found in arboreal, burrowing, freshwater and seawater.
According to the current classification system, it can be divided into 3 suborders and 11 families.
(1) Blind snake suborder: divided into blind snake family, heteroscale snake family and fine blind snake family.
(2) Protosnaptera suborder: Python family, tube snake family, pintail snake family, inner scale snake family and fistula snake family.
(3) Suborder Neosnapterae: Subfamily Serpentinae (there are several subfamilies), Cobras (subfamily Cobras, Subfamily Flattails and Subfamily Sea Snakes) and Viperidae (subfamily Whiteheaded Viper, Viperidae and Viperidae).
Oh, this family is too big to list them all, we pick the key points, first classify the snakes roughly, and then teach everyone to identify poisonous snakes to prevent shooting in the wild.
Common snakes are mainly in the following families: swimming snakes, cobras, vipers, pythons, grasshoppers, blind snakes.
Swimming snakes: Inhabit streams or other waters in forested areas, preying on fish, frogs, toads, salamanders and lizards, as well as rodents, birds and insects. Large in size, agile in action, mostly non-toxic.
Snake, non-venomous
Red snake, non-venomous
Emerald green snake, non-venomous, easy to confuse bamboo leaf green
Green skinny snake, lightly venomous
Water snake, non-venomous
Small-headed snakes, non-venomous, are common in rural areas
The king snake is large, fierce and non-venomous
Corn snake, rich in color, docile, non-venomous
Milk snake, non-venomous
Mountain King Snake, highly poisonous, don't get confused with the above brothers, it will kill people!
Cobra: It lives in plains, hills, and mountainous bushes or bamboo forests, and is also common in hilly graves, at the foot of mountains, near streams and fish ponds, in fields, and near houses. It has a wide range of diets, eating snakes, fish, frogs, birds, eggs, butterflies and so on. It is a diurnal snake that mainly forages during the day. Large, agile and highly toxic.
The king cobra, large in size, large in detoxification, is dangerous
The silver ring snake, the most venomous snake in China, is distributed in the provinces south of the central region
Taipan Snake, Australia's most venomous snake
Black Mamba, fierce big guy, the most venomous snake in Africa
Golden ring snake, highly venomous
Oriental tiger snake, fierce and poisonous
Indian cobra, highly venomous
Egyptian cobra, poisonous
Grey-blue flat-tailed sea snake, highly venomous
Ringed sea snake, highly venomous
Long-snouted sea snake, highly venomous
Blue ring sea snake, highly venomous
Belcher sea snake, highly poisonous, hey, meet the sea snake detour, basically have poison
The East African Green Mamba, the cousin of the Black Mamba, is toxicly weak, but enough to kill humans
Viper: It mainly lives in mountains and plains. It is active day and night, preying on rodents, etc. Medium in size, the vast majority of them are highly toxic, mainly distributed in Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces in China.
Bamboo leaf green, highly poisonous, characterized by a scorched yellow tail, also known as a scorched-tailed snake
Viper, highly toxic, upturned nose, easy to identify
Short-tailed viper, highly poisonous, distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the middle river, there are friends who are bitten and die several times
Mangshan soldering iron head, highly toxic, mainly distributed in the Mangshan area of Hunan Province, China.
The spearhead viper is highly poisonous and is mainly distributed in Central and South America
Gabon viper, African venomous snake, leaf-camouflager
The eastern diamond-spotted rattlesnake is the largest and heaviest venomous snake in North America.
Python: It is a large reptile that inhabits tropical and subtropical low mountain jungles. Good climbing, drowsiness, nocturnal, omnivorous predation often slowly crawl close to the prey, quickly bite and wrap the body to death, and squash the long strip, the whole swallowed. innocuity.
The reticulated python, the longest snake in the world today, can reach a body length of up to 10 meters.
Cockroaches: Cockroaches and pythons belong to a large family, the python family, and there is actually no obvious difference between the two, such as domestic pythons are sometimes called "cockroach snakes", and South American water nymphs are also translated as "big water pythons". Some people think that the grasshopper is oviparous, the python is oviparous, in fact, it is not absolute, such as the gum python known as the python, the Jamaican python, the rainbow python, etc. are also oviparous, while the groundhopper is egg-laying. If you must make a difference, it is that pythons or cockroaches in the Americas are mostly oviparous, and pythons or flies in Asia and Africa are mostly oviparous. Many species of grasshoppers are heat-sensitive lip fossa for finding hot-blooded animals.
The green forest borer, the largest snake on Earth today, inhabits mainly South America.
Blind snake: non-venomous snake species, mainly distributed in Africa and Asia, inhabit the ground cave, small size, good at digging holes, so it is often mistaken for earthworms.
Hook blind snake
Dawn blind snake
Venomous snakes, which refer to snakes that can secrete special venom, are cunning predators with vicious personalities, keen senses make prey have nowhere to escape, and strange attacks make death like shadows. As for how to understand "venom", the traditional synthesis of this term is defined as a complex substance transmitted by a special organ, produced by a special gland, a certain dose of which will harm the organism, and is used to subdue, digest prey or defend. It is also used to refer to oral secretions that produce oral secretions that may contain toxins commonly found in snake venom, but do not play any role in their survival.
Therefore, the most fundamental difference between venomous and non-venomous snakes is mainly based on the following points:
Venomous glands: Venomous snakes have venomous glands, non-venomous snakes do not have venomous glands. Venom glands are derived from salivary glands. Located on both sides of the head and behind the eyes, it is encased in the jaw muscles and secretes venom. When a venomous snake bites, the muscles surrounding the venom glands contract, and the venom is injected into the body of the bitten object through the venom tube and the tube or groove of the venom tooth, so that poisoning occurs, and the non-venomous snake has no such function;
Venom tube: Is a pipe that transports venom, connecting the venom glands with the venom fangs. Only venomous snakes have poisonous liquid tubes;
Venomous fangs: Venomous snakes have venomous fangs, which are located in front of or behind the non-venomous teeth of the maxilla and are both long and larger than non-venomous fangs.
Venom glands are used to produce venom, which can be simply divided into three types:
Blood toxins: can cause local tissue damage, vascular damage, hemolysis, diffuse intravascular coagulation, simply put, blood clotting or internal bleeding, can cause heart and kidney failure. Five-step snake, bamboo leaf green, viper snake venom belong to this category.
Neurotoxin: can cause neuromuscular block, the bite's muscles tremble, mouth foam, breathing difficulties, convulsions throughout the body, and eventually death in shock. The snake venom of the silver ring snake and the golden ring snake belong to this category.
Mixed toxins: redness and swelling of the wound, fever, pain, muscle necrosis, severe and complex symptoms, both neurological symptoms and damage caused by blood circulation toxins, and eventually death from asphyxia or cardiac motility failure. Pit vipers, cobras, king cobras, etc. fall into this category.
The hallmark organ of the venomous snake is the poisonous tooth, which according to its morphology can be divided into groove teeth and tube teeth, and according to its position in the upper frontal bone, it can be divided into pre-poisonous teeth and posterior poisonous teeth.
Tube teeth: its head is triangular, the back is usually brown and with dark patches, all vipers belong to this genus; its long and large hollow tubes are located on both sides of the front of the upper jaw, usually hidden in the flesh sheath, when used will protrude forward, in addition to the usual use of a pair of poisonous fangs, there are often 1 to 2 pairs of spare teeth behind it, the toxicity is mostly based on hemorrhagic poison, if according to the presence or absence of the cheek fossa, we can divide them into two subfamily, that is, rattlesnake subfamily (buccal fossa): including hundred-step snakes, turtle shell flowers, green bamboo silk, Kikuchi's turtle shell flower and Alishan turtle shell flower belong to it; B) viper subfamily (without cheek socket): The cheek socket is a heat receptor unique to the rattlesnake subfamily, whereby snakes can detect subtle temperature differences in the environment and help them prey on or avoid predators.
Anterior groove teeth: its head is oval or rounded; the appearance often has a more obvious or even bright longitudinal or ring-shaped spot has a warning function, all cobra snakes belong to this, it only has a pair of fixed surface grooves on the front of the teeth, located on both sides of the front of the palate, but not as large as the tube teeth, the toxicity is mainly neurotropic, in Taiwan including cobras, eye king snakes, Taipan snakes, tiger snakes, striped red snakes, umbrella knots, ringed red snakes and all sea snakes belong to this.
Posterior groove teeth: its poisonous teeth are only slightly larger than the general teeth and located behind the palate, this kind of venomous snake is usually not as toxic as pit vipers or cobra snakes, some members of the yellow jaw snake family have this type of poisonous teeth, including: water snake, Tang water snake, tea spot snake, big head snake and Taiwan red snake are, although this type of snake poisoning usually only swells, there is no risk of death, but for some people with more sensitive constitution may still cause more serious allergy symptoms; although the poisonous snake of the posterior groove tooth has no fatal record in Taiwan, However, it is worth noting that the Taiwan red snake is distributed in the Chinese mainland and Japanese subspecies, and there have been records of biting people in the local area, and they should not be ignored too much when encountered in the wild. Such as African tree snake, yellow ring forest snake and so on.
So how to distinguish poisonous snakes, the simplest way in the wild, is to distinguish from the appearance, form and other aspects:
Judging from the shape of the snake's head, the head of the venomous snake is generally triangular, such as the five-step snake, the turtle shell flower snake and so on. But there are also a few venomous snakes with oval heads, such as silver-ringed snakes. The head of a non-venomous snake is generally oval in shape, such as a snake, a gray rat snake, and so on. But there are also a few non-venomous snakes such as the Don nuclear snake whose head is triangular.
Judging from the vivid color of the snake's whole body markings, the color of the back markings of the venomous snake body is generally more distinct, such as the five-step snake, the silver ring snake and so on. However, there are also very few venomous snakes whose back markings are not bright in color, such as the white-bellied cobra is all gray, and there are no markings at all. The color of the back of the body of the non-venomous snake is generally not distinct, such as the black snake, the emerald green snake and so on. But there are also very few non-venomous snakes with very bright color on the back of the body, such as the red chain snake.
Judging from the short and thick tail of the snake, the tail of the venomous snake is generally thick and short, but it suddenly becomes thinner from the anus backwards, such as the gorge snake, cobra and so on. However, there are also a very small number of venomous snakes whose tails are thin and long, such as the silver ring snake. The tail of the non-venomous snake is generally thin and long, and slowly becomes thinner from the anus backwards, such as the gray rat snake, the emerald green snake and so on. However, there are also very few non-venomous snakes with thick and short tails, such as fishing snakes.
Judging from the ecology of the snake, after the poisonous snake finds a person, it generally does not run away, or the speed of crawling is not fast when escaping; coiled to rest, or when sleeping, the head is inserted under the skin of the ventral surface. After the alarm, the speed of getting up, crawling very fast, such as the snake, the king snake and so on.
From the feeling of contact with snakes, it is discerned that when caught with bare hands, as soon as they touch the poisonous snake, they immediately feel the softness of their bodies, such as cobras and silver ring snakes. When you come into contact with a non-venomous snake, you immediately feel that its body is strong, such as the gray rat snake, the red snake, etc.
The above method is for reference only, it is estimated that most people see snakes are choosing to take a detour, this is the best, if there are really people who do death can refer to the above methods, at least know who the murderer is before death.
Tree Viper Daddy looks like a burst!