What causes turtle white-bottom plate disease?
White bottom plate disease is a difficult turtle disease that has emerged in recent years, and it is currently the most serious harm to turtles, the highest mortality rate and the most difficult to treat turtle disease. If left untreated, it can lead to total death.
First, the pathogen: At present, the pathogen is controversial, and the reported pathogen (1) bacterial pathogens are Aeromonas hydrophilus, Proteus and Edwardiania retardation. (2) The virus pathogen is a spherical virus. (3) Cross infection. Secondary bacterial infection after viral infection.
Second, symptoms and epidemics: mainly harmful to turtles that overwinter through greenhouses and imported turtles. The disease mainly harms young turtles above 100g, and the mortality rate is 30% to 50%, and the high ones reach more than 90%. Onset occurs throughout the year, with sudden or prolonged food stopping being a typical symptom, with food losses usually above 50%. After the onset of the disease, the sick turtles are mostly drifting or clustering at the edge of the pool, most of the sick turtles stretch out of the water and neck to lean back, and open their mouths for panting, some nostrils bleed or bubbles, serious have obvious neurological symptoms, so they are extremely sensitive to environmental changes, a little alarm quickly escape, and soon dived back to the pool to die.
1. External symptoms. There is no infectious lesion on the surface of the turtle, there is no blood in the whole body, the abdominal nail is pale and bloodless, so it is called "white bottom plate" disease, and a round black shadow block (commonly known as "black cover") can be seen in the middle of the back, and when the head and neck are soft and protruding from the body, some are swollen and straight due to excessive water absorption. The newly dead sick turtle faces down and lifts it with blood or water dripping from its nose and mouth. Some abdomen is pale (white background), most male genitalia are protruding from the body, and part of the neck is enlarged.
2. Internal pathology and classification. Depending on the characterization of internal organ lesions, turtle white background disease can be divided into three types:
(1) Pathogenic white background plate. Characterized by turtle puffiness, open abdominal cavity, there is a large amount of blood that can not be coagulated gushing out, gallbladder enlargement, spleen enlargement is a little white, in the early stage of the disease, dissection can find that the intestinal wall of the turtle is obviously bloody, similar to enteritis features, and later it is bloodless. Turtles with this type of condition generally have symptoms of vomiting blood in the mouth.
(2) Pharmaceutically derived white background plate. Characterized by destruction of the liver, severe enlargement or shrinkage. Enlarged livers are edematous, some are yellowish; shrunken livers are generally gray, and severely appear earthy green, which is a characteristic of bile accumulation.
(3) Food-based white bottom plate. Characterized by perforations or ulcerative lesions in the digestive tract (stomach and intestines, especially in duodenal locations), intestinal necrosis, and black blood clots in the posterior segment of the intestine.
Iii. Etiological analysis:
The breeding environment deteriorates, long-term ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, etc. are too high; long-term feeding of unqualified feed, feed contains prohibited additives, vitamin failure oxidation; feed storage time is long; single feed, lack of fresh animal and plant feed, excessive medication, etc.
Fourth, the prevention method:
1. Strict quarantine, do not introduce diseased broodstock, juvenile turtles.
2. Regulate the water environment of the pond, discharge sewage regularly, and disinfect the aquaculture water body when necessary.
3. Avoid cross-contamination with other farms on water sources, and do a good job of environmental hygiene in farms.
4. Enhance the physique of turtles, pay attention to the protection of turtle liver function, and do not blindly use antibacterial drugs. Turtles can usually be fed some health care products, such as electrolytic multidimensional, enzyme-producing probiotics, hepatoprotectives and so on.
5. Use high-quality compound feed products.
V. Treatment methods of turtle white bottom plate disease:
1.Pathogenic white bottom plate disease
Internal administration: gentamicin 3g/kg, electrolytic multidimensional 3g/kg, vitamin (K3) 3g/kg, vitamin C2g/kg, hepatoprotecil 5g/kg, glucose 8g/kg, for 5 to 7 days; continue to take electrolytic multidimensional 3g/kg, vitamin (K3) 3g/kg, vitamin C2g/kg, hepatoprotech 5g/kg, glucose 8g/kg for 7 days.
External use: According to the water quality status, take part of the water exchange and sprinkle granular oxygen, substrate modifier, iodine preparation, etc.
2. Pharmaceutically derived white bottom plate
Internal administration: electrolytic multidimensional 3g/kg, vitamin (K3) 3g/kg, vitamin C2g/kg, hepatoprotein 5g/kg, glucose 8g/kg, cholepeptine 2g/kg, fast-acting liver treasure (Wuhan Jingu) 3g/kg. The effect will be slower and require a longer course of care.
3. Food-based white bottom plate
Internal administration: electrolytic multidimensional 3g/kg, vitamin (K3) 3g/kg, vitamin C2g/kg, hepatoprotein 5g/kg, enzyme-producing probiotics 2g/kg, and high-quality feed products should be selected to reduce the use of chilled fish. The effect will be slower and require a longer course of care.
