Recently, a consumer asked us
I want to buy a new energy vehicle
But open the configuration surface to a bunch of jargon and data
I found that there was no way to start
So the Shanghai Municipal Consumer Protection Commission Automotive Professional Office
Experts were specifically consulted
It is an important configuration in new energy vehicles
Conduct a series of explanations
In this issue, we will first talk about the drive motor
Drive motor, electronic control and battery are the three core components of new energy vehicles. According to the data, the motor accounts for about 10% of the cost of the car, the electronic control accounts for about 11% of the cost of the car, and the battery accounts for about 42% of the cost of the car.
The vehicle performance of new energy vehicles, such as maximum speed, acceleration time, and climbing ability, is closely related to the drive motor. At present, the mainstream configuration and application of new energy vehicle drive motors are AC induction motors and permanent magnet synchronous motors.
1. AC induction motor
AC induction motor is also known as AC asynchronous motor, the most used AC motor is three-phase asynchronous motor, of which Tesla Model S as a representative.
AC asynchronous motor from the design point of view, because there is no magnet, so the external environment will not affect its performance, high reliability, low cost, less sensitive to temperature, its structure is simple, good processability, low after-sales failure, no risk of demagnetization, with good high-speed and high-performance performance.
Of course, AC induction motors also have shortcomings: the inverter is required to turn the direct current output by the battery into alternating current, with large current consumption, low light load efficiency, and a peak efficiency of up to 95%, slightly lower than 97% of permanent magnet synchronous AC motors. In addition, under the same power, the AC asynchronous induction motor is larger than the permanent magnet synchronous AC motor, which will occupy more space of the electric vehicle.
Source: Sohu Auto
2. Permanent magnet synchronous motor
The structure of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is similar to the AC induction motor in appearance, but its internal structure is quite different, and the key lies in the permanent magnet material on the rotor. Permanent magnet materials refer to materials that maintain constant magnetic properties once magnetized.
The advantages of permanent magnet synchronous motors are high energy conversion efficiency, small size, high power, excellent low-speed and high-efficiency characteristics, and are mostly used in long-range electric vehicles. Toyota's Prius series of hybrid vehicles, Continental Changan Automobile, Geely Automobile, NIO, Xpeng and Nezha use permanent magnet synchronous motors.
However, the permanent magnet material of the permanent magnet synchronous motor needs to use rare earth materials, the cost is high, and when it is subjected to vibration, high temperature and overload current, there are shortcomings of high temperature and easy demagnetization, so manufacturers should pay more attention to the design of the cooling system of the motor.
Source: Zhihu @ Spicy Pen Little Star
Whether it is an AC asynchronous motor
Or a permanent magnet synchronous motor
are widely used in pure electric vehicles
There is no difference between the two technologies
Rather, it is based on the characteristics of different models
to match the corresponding motor technology
References: Shanghai Consumer Protection Commission Automobile Office Professional Consultant Team, Tesla Motors, Sohu Automobile, "New Energy Vehicle Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Design and Characteristics Research", "New Energy Vehicle Drive Motor Selection Research and Exploration" and other academic papers