Text/Literary Review Technology
Chip is known as the "engine" of the information age, is a comprehensive embodiment of a country's high-end manufacturing capabilities, cars need chips, mobile phones need chips, large and small electrical appliances also need chips, chips are closely related to our lives. However, before this, the "pain of core shortage" has always been a difficult problem faced by the development of the mainland's high-tech field, and the United States has pinched its "soft underbelly" and issued a ban, making our chip research work worse. But even so, the mainland chip has still made an "explosive" breakthrough, I am afraid that Biden's heart will be broken, foreign media evaluation: Although Bill Gates has warned, but this is too fast.
China has been "short of cores" for a long time, which has cost Chinese companies a huge price. Before the "ZTE incident", the US Department of Commerce took export restriction measures against ZTE on the grounds that ZTE "violated US export restriction regulations", that is, prohibiting US component suppliers from exporting semiconductor components to ZTE.
To know that although ZTE is the second largest communication equipment manufacturer in China, such as China Mobile and China Unicom as we know it are ZTE's old customers, it is worth noting that the upstream supply chain of ZTE equipment is mainly from the United States, especially high-end chips and some core patent rights, therefore, the threat of US sanctions to ZTE is not small, in order to protect the enterprise, ZTE can only choose to communicate and settle, compensation of 890 million US dollars.
Following the ZTE incident, the United States can be regarded as pinching the "pigtails" of Chinese companies, and the trick of restricting exports is called a tried and tested, but I didn't expect to encounter such a "hard nail" as Huawei. Several rounds of blows and all their strength failed to crush Huawei. The first round of restrictions on chip exports and system access; The second round of restrictions on the use of technology and software can be described as pressing step by step, and if you can't make a chip, you will restrict other ways to obtain chips, and you will start to engage in self-research, and restrict the export of raw materials and device technology. Although in the end, Huawei survived by relying on the strong vitality of the company, the fact is that as Huawei President Yu Chengdong said: "After two rounds of sanctions, we were the most harmed." ”
Whether it is the ZTE incident or Huawei's 896-day sanctions, we all understand that "the core technology must be in our own hands", reduce dependence on imports, and increase firepower to engage in self-research. This also brings a key task to China, which is to ensure quality and stability and accelerate the pace of research and development. As the world's second-largest economy, China must rely on its own technology to establish its own chip manufacturing industry chain.
China has now made considerable progress in the three links of semiconductor manufacturing: IC design, wafer manufacturing and packaging and testing, especially packaging and testing, which is currently the most powerful field in the mainland. Although the mainland started late in the chip field, and is constantly limited by the relevant technologies of Western countries, but the growth rate of China's packaging and testing industry continues to lead the world, on the one hand, the scale continues to expand, according to the statistics of the China Semiconductor Industry Association, the scale of the Chinese market increased from 188.9 billion yuan in 2017 to 276.3 billion yuan in 2021, with an average annual compound growth rate of about 9.9%, and the market size in 2022 will reach 298.5 billion yuan. The equipment used in packaging and testing can also be independently supplied through Shanghai Microelectronics.
And on the other hand, through mergers and acquisitions, mainland local packaging and testing enterprises have completed the full coverage of the main advanced packaging processes, including wafer-level packaging, system-level packaging, flip packaging, 2.5D/3D packaging, etc., and as a leading enterprise in domestic packaging, Changjian Technology has been in the leading position in the industry in wafer-level, 2.5/3D and other packaging technologies, and has realized the packaging and testing technology of 4nm process chips, while the 3nm process is also under research;
At the same time, Tongfu Microelectronics is in a leading position in the field of flip packaging and high-end processor packaging and testing. In short, the mainland has achieved a great breakthrough in the field of silicon-based chips, actively carrying out technology research and development, many technologies have reached the world's leading level, although it is already a great breakthrough, but compared to the continent's achievements in the field of photonic chips and quantum chips, this is not the most "explosive"
From following to leading, the production lines of mainland photonic chips and quantum chips are in the stage of construction and formal production, especially the domestic non-destructive probe stations, laser annealing instruments, quantum chip refrigerators, etc. in the quantum chip production line. These products in the quantum field have brought considerable achievements to the mainland, and at the same time effectively promoted the development process of quantum computing in the mainland, making the mainland the third largest country in the world to support the delivery of quantum computers.
It can be seen that the core technology can only be uncontrolled by others if it is in their own hands, whether it is the ZTE, Huawei incident or a series of achievements we have made in the chip field are explaining this truth to us with facts. Similarly, one technological breakthrough after another has not only enhanced our country's core competitiveness in the post-Moore era,
We also swear to the world with practical actions on the way forward, we are not afraid of thorns along the way, we are bound to reach the peak of the field, and one day, become a leader in the high-tech field. From following to leading, Chinese companies will achieve greater breakthroughs with perseverance, and political sanctions will never hinder the progress of China's science and technology.