In April of the first year of the Ming Dynasty (1399), zhu Yuanzhang's first anniversary was approaching. Zhu Di, as the king of the domain, could not leave the fief without permission. Therefore, he decided to send his three sons Zhu Gaoxu, Zhu Gaoxu, and Zhu Gaoxuan to Nanjing to worship ming xiaoling instead of himself.
At that time, Emperor Jianwen's policy of cutting the domain was in full swing, and the Yan King was powerful, and he had long been regarded as a thorn in the eye by Emperor Jianwen. Zhu Di sent three sons to Beijing at this time, which seemed to be "sending sheep into the tiger's mouth". In fact, Zhu Di hoped to paralyze Emperor Jianwen through this move.
After the three brothers Zhu Gaozi, Zhu Gaoxu, and Zhu Gaoxuan arrived in Nanjing, the soldier Shangshu Qitai immediately suggested that these three people be detained to blackmail Zhu Di into submission. Emperor Jianwen was kind and did not do this. At this time, Xu Da's eldest son, Xu Huizu, the Duke of Wei, hurried into the palace and said to Emperor Jianwen:
"Of the three nephews, Du Gaoxu is brave and fierce, not only is he unfaithful, but he is also a traitor to his father, and he will be in serious trouble one day."
The above passage is from the end of the Ming Chronicle, Xu Huizu is Zhu Di's eldest brother-in-law, and even more the uncle of Zhu Gaozi's three brothers. He said to Emperor Jianwen: "Of my three nephews, Zhu Gaoxu was the most fierce and rogue, disloyal to others, and repeatedly disobeyed his father Zhu Di. If we do not get rid of it now, we will be in serious trouble in the future. ”
It was said that he knew his nephew Mo Ruo's uncle and Xu Huizu's words, but Emperor Jianwen did not listen to them, and after many years, it was too late to regret it.
In this article, the author will share with you Zhu Gaoxu, the first Han king of the Ming Dynasty, hoping to restore a real Ming Dynasty king with you through historical data and analysis.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="10" >, disliked by Zhu Yuanzhang</h1>
In the third year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang insisted on resuming the feudal system despite the opposition of his courtiers. Zhu Yuanzhang divided several older princes into key areas in order to defend the Jing Division. For example, zhu Di, the fourth prince at the time, was given the title of King of Yan, with a fief in Beiping (present-day Beijing).
Zhu Di was only 10 years old when he was crowned king, and according to Zhu Yuanzhang's regulations, the king of the clan was to go to the fiefdom at the age of 16. In the ninth year of Hongwu, Zhu Di was 16 years old, and Zhu Yuanzhang held a wedding for him in the capital, and Princess Yan was Xu Da's daughter Xu Shi (later Empress Xu). After the big wedding, Zhu Di took his wife to the north to take the domain.
The Biography of the Ming Dynasty kings records:
Chengzu was the fourth son. Emperor Renzong, Gao Xu the King of Han, and Empress Gao Xuan of Zhao were born. Gao's mother is unknown.
According to the "History of Ming", Ming Chengzu Zhu Di had a total of 4 sons, the eldest son Zhu Gaozi was later Mingrenzong, the second son Zhu Gaoxu was the King of Han, and the third son Zhu Gaoxuan was crowned the King of Zhao, all three of which were born to Empress Xu. Zhu Di also had a son named Zhu Gaomu, whose birth mother was unknown, but died young.
Zhu Gaoxu was born in the thirteenth year of Hongwu, he was two years younger than the eldest brother Zhu Gaoxu, and was the tenth grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang. In the historical records, although Zhu Gaoxu and Zhu Gaoxu were brothers, they were completely different in all aspects.
The Ming Chronicle, Volume XXVII, records:
The prince was fat and sick, and the two envoys were unable to lose their feet.
This means that Zhu Di's eldest son, Zhu Gaozi, was born obese from an early age, and he had foot diseases, walked unsteadily, and often lost his feet and fell.
As for Zhu Gaoxu, he was "fierce in nature", not only was he born mighty, but he was also martial, riding horses and shooting arrows, and he had the style of a father. Zhu Di also liked Zhu Gaoxu very much, and slightly regretted Zhu Gaoxu, who was weak.
However, the family of the king of the clan is no more than an ordinary family, and the eldest son is destined to have more resources from birth, so although Zhu Gaoxu looks more "excellent", he is doomed to be unable to surpass the status of his brother.
In the only historical records, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Emperor, was very disgusted with Zhu Gaoxu. The Records of Emperor Ming Xuanzong, Vol. 20, records:
At the beginning, Emperor Taizu summoned the eldest sons of Qin, Jin, Yan, and the sons of the Zhou Dynasty and the king of the county to study the jingshi, Gao Xu and Yan, and to be friendly with Ji Xi, the third son of King Gong of Jin, and the second son of King Ding of Zhou, and his words and movements were frivolous, and he was not loved by Taizu.
During the Hongwu period, the crown prince was not allowed to leave the fiefdom without any edict, and as several imperial grandchildren grew up, Zhu Yuanzhang missed his grandson, so he summoned the sons of several elderly princes such as the King of Qin (朱樉), the King of Jin (朱棡), the King of Yan (Zhu Di), and the King of Zhou (朱橚) to study in Beijing. During this period, Zhu Gaoxu and several of his cousins, including the later Jianwen Emperor Zhu Yunxiu, were very familiar with Zhu Gaoxu, who was very frivolous in his speech and behavior, and repeatedly upset Zhu Yuanzhang, who was very lenient with other emperors and grandsons, but was very displeased with Zhu Gaoxu.
In the feudal dynasty, the treatment of the members of the Ming dynasty royal family was relatively generous, which was a place where Zhu Gaoxu was thankful, as the grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, he had an innate advantage that hundreds of millions of people did not have from birth. However, Zhu Gaoxu's "misfortune" was that he was born as the second son, and even more unfortunately, his heart was higher than the sky.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="150" > second, deceived by Zhu Di</h1>
In the twenty-eighth year of hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang decreed that Zhu Gaoxu be made the son of the King of Yan, which meant that in a few years, it would be Zhu Gaozi who would inherit the title of King of Yan, and Zhu Gaoxu's line would be reduced to a side branch.
This was the normal order of the inheritance of the clan kings, and Zhu Gaoxu could only accept his fate. But what needs to be explained is that at this moment, Zhu Gaoxu did not show covetousness for his brother, or that his ambitions were not stimulated. Until a few years later, he was seduced by the words of his father Zhu Di and opened his covetous road.
In the thirty-first year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang passed away, and Zhu Biao's son Zhu Yunjiao ascended the throne, changing the following year to the first year of Jianwen, so Zhu Yunjiao was also known as Emperor Jianwen. After Emperor Jianwen ascended the throne, he adopted the opinions of Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng and actively cut down the domain, and for a time the kings of Zhou, Min, Xiang, Qi, and Dai were deposed.
The Biography of Huang Zicheng of the Ming Dynasty records that at that time, Zhu Di was the oldest of Zhu Yuanzhang's surviving sons, and was the first object of Zhu Yunzhang's cutting of the domain, but the King of Yan was "very difficult", so Huang Zicheng suggested that Zhu Yunzhang start with the other five kings, for example, Zhu Xu, the king of Zhou, was Zhu Di's half-brother, and the purpose of deposing Zhu Di was to cut off Zhu Di's wings.
A series of actions of Emperor Jianwen, Zhu Di also knew it, and in the first year of Jianwen, between Zhu Yunjiao and Zhu Di, it seemed that the wind and waves were calm, but in fact, the dark tide was surging and there were preparations for each other. Therefore, on the day of Zhu Yuanzhang's death, Zhu Di himself said that he was ill, but in order to express his "filial piety", Zhu Di sent three sons to Nanjing to worship Ming Xiaoling, which is also the part mentioned at the beginning of this article, but unfortunately, Zhu Yunjiao was kind and did not seize this opportunity.
In July of the first year of Jianwen, Zhu Di officially raised an army to "Jingnan", and the Battle of Jingnan, which lasted for four years, was launched. The Biography of Ming Shi Zhu Gaoxu records:
Cheng Zu raised an army, Emperor Renzong jushou, Gao Xucong, and tasted the military front.
After the Battle of Jingnan broke out, Zhu Di ordered his eldest son Zhu Gaoxu to guard the old lair of Beiping, and he took his second son Zhu Gaoxu all the way south. Zhu Gaoxu was brave and good at fighting, and made many achievements on the battlefield. For example, at the Battle of Baigou River, Zhu Di was attacked by the famous southern generals Ping'an and Qu Neng, and when he was almost exhausted, Zhu Gaoxu led thousands of elite horsemen to kill, "Ming Shi" Yun:
Gao Xu shuai rode thousands of horses, straight ahead of the decisive battle, and beheaded the father and son in the battle.
Zhu Gaoxu killed all the way, killed Qu Neng's father and son, and saved his father from the chaotic battle, which made Zhu Di feel moved.
Zhu Di lost the most in the Jing Series of Wars than the Battle of Dongchang. In Dongchang, now Liaocheng, Shandong, at that time, the southern general Sheng Yong set up an ambush to lure Zhu Di deeper, almost killing Zhu Di in one fell swoop. Zhu Di was lucky to escape, but Zhu Di's general Zhang Yu was killed in battle, and Zhu Di fled for his life alone, thanks to Zhu Gaoxu's arrival and repelled the Southern Army. History:
After the defeat of Chengzu Dongchang, Zhang Yu was killed in battle, and Chengzu went alone, and Shi Gaoxu led his division to repel the Southern Army.
As the saying goes, fight the tiger brothers, fight the father and son soldiers. In the Battle of Jingnan, Zhu Gaoxu was not a well-respected second son, but a sharp blade of Zhu Di, who was sharp and escorted Zhu Di all the way.
In other words: Zhu Gaoxu is not only Zhu Di's son, he is a comrade-in-arms, a hero, and more importantly, he saved Zhu Di's life.
In June of the fourth year of Jianwen, Zhu Di recruited Chen Xuan, the governor of Jiangsu Province, to cross the Yangtze River smoothly, first taking Zhenjiang, and then the army directly approached Nanjing Puzikou, Sheng Yong made a battle of trapped beasts, Zhu Di led the large army to attack in turn, and tried his best to break through the defense line of Puzikou, which was, Zhu Gaoxu came. The Ming Tong Jian Vol. XIII records:
When Gao Xu led the troops to the scene, Wang Yu yu threw his back and said, "Mian Zhi! The world is sick. So Xu led the crowd to fight to the death, the mediocre soldiers lost, and retired to Gaozi Port.
When Zhu Di saw Zhu Gaoxu bringing his troops, he was overjoyed, and stroked Zhu Gaoxu's back and said, "Son, it's up to you next, your eldest brother is not in good health." ”
Zhu Di is a monarch who is good at controlling people's hearts, and his words are quite meaningful. It seems that it is to let the second son Zhu Gaoxu break the enemy and win, in fact, it is a promise: This is the last battle I have won the throne, if we win, it is indispensable to your benefits, after all, your eldest brother is not in good health, and the throne I have seized will not be yours in the future?
Zhu Di's words made Zhu Gaoxu's heart flutter, and Zhu Gaoxu rushed to kill with his subordinates, and finally broke through the Puzikou defense line. Next, Li Jinglong and Zhu Qi, the king of gu, opened the Jinchuan Gate, and Zhu Di entered the city smoothly. Since then, the Ming Dynasty has changed hands and the Ming Dynasty has entered the Yongle era.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="160" > third, killed by Zhu Gaozi</h1>
In the middle of the last century, the famous contemporary female writer Ru Zhijuan wrote a book called "In the Orchard", in which Ru Zhijuan invented a word called "empty check", which has now been included in the "Idiom Dictionary". Meaning: a parable cannot keep a promise.
The author believes that it is most appropriate to use this word to describe Zhu Di's commitment to Zhu Gaoxu outside the mouth of Puzi.
There is no doubt that although Zhu Gaozi also had a credit for defending Beiping, in comparison, Zhu Di was able to become the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his second son Zhu Gaoxu's credit was even greater. The History of Ming also commented:
Cheng Zu was repeatedly on the verge of danger and turned into a meritorious person, and Gao Xuli was more numerous.
The subtle thing is that Zhu Gaoxu's merits are not only recognized by Zhu Gaoxu, but also recognized by Zhu Di.
After Zhu Di ascended the throne, because Zhu Gaoxu came from a military background and formed a deep friendship with the military generals, almost all the famous generals of jingnan, including Zhu Neng and Qiu Fu, supported Zhu Gaoxu as the crown prince, while those courtiers chose to abide by the ancient etiquette, believing that Zhu Gaoxu was not at fault, and if he easily abolished Chang Li and became young, it would inevitably lead to a catastrophe in the future.
Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the succession of the throne has emphasized "standing and standing long", Zhu Di has a long and benevolent concubine Zhu Gaoxu, and a second son Zhu Gaoxu, who has outstanding military achievements, and this situation during the Yongle period is very similar to the Wude period of the Tang Dynasty. However, the dispute over the throne in the early Tang Dynasty ended in the blood of Xuanwumen. Obviously, Zhu Di did not want to cause a situation of bloodshed in the clan room.
In fact, Zhu Di once believed that Zhu Gaoxu was "like a degenerate" and wanted to make Zhu Gaoxu the crown prince. However, this idea has endured tremendous resistance in the face of the ancient etiquette system.
Therefore, the so-called "empty check", Zhu Di did not intend to deny it at first, but in the end, he hesitated.
From the fourth year of Jianwen's ascension to the throne to the second year of Yongle, three years, Zhu Di has not established a crown prince. However, the crown prince was the foundation of the country and could not be suspended for a long time, and the second year of Yongle, a key figure, contributed to Zhu Di's determination to establish the reserve, and this person was Xie Jin, the first talent of the Ming Dynasty.
The author has written about Xie Jin before, Xie Jin not only has great talent, but also has a very straight personality, when Zhu Di asked Xie Jin's opinion on the selection of the crown prince, Xie Jin decisively said "the emperor's eldest son Ren Xiao, the world returns to the heart", such an answer Zhu Di listened too much, he was not satisfied, Xie Jin finally blurted out three words: "Good Saint Sun!" ”
In the year of Zhu Yuanzhang's death (the thirty-first year of Hongwu), Zhu Gaozi's wife Zhang Shi gave birth to the eldest son, named Zhu Zhanji, which was Zhu Di's first grandson. On the day zhu Zhanji was born, Zhu Di dreamed that Zhu Yuanzhang would pass on Dagui to himself. The Great Gui is a heavy instrument of royal sacrifice, and the meaning is self-evident. Therefore, Zhu Di has always been very fond of Zhu Zhanji.
Xie Jin means: Because you like Zhu Gaozi's son, you must choose Zhu Gaozi as the crown prince!
Geng Zhi's Xie Jin said Zhu Di's heart: Since he is not sure which of the two sons is more suitable, let's start with the grandchildren. In this way, Zhu Gaozi was officially crowned as the crown prince.
The title of crown prince had been determined, and Zhu Gaoxu was crowned king of Han, and the identity of the two brothers was judged to be Ruoyunni from then on.
Zhu Gaoxu was not convinced, and it is conceivable that if zhu Gaoxu and Zhu Di's personalities were used, in the second year of Yongle, the following dialogue might exist in the imperial palace of the Ming Dynasty:
"Father Emperor, you didn't say that the eldest brother was not in good health..."
"Nonsense, your eldest brother is a prince, how can you talk nonsense?"
"But you didn't say that in Puzikou..."
"I didn't promise you anything back then, it was you who thought too much about it!"
Zhu Gaoxu was speechless, and since then Zhu Gaoxu has changed into a person, and he wants to regain what "belongs to himself".
Zhu Di set zhu Gaoxu's domain in Yunnan, and Zhu Gaoxu cried and complained, "What crime have I committed, and I want to be relegated to thousands of miles away?" Zhu Di's heart softened, so he asked Zhu Gaoxu to stay in the capital for the time being. Under the persecution of Zhu Gaoxu, Li Chu's "culprit" Xie Jin was degraded. Ming Shi Yun:
Gao Xu also used this conceit, arrogance and arrogance, and many lawlessness.
Zhu Gaoxulai did not leave the capital, he was proud of his achievements, and he did many illegal things in the capital. Zhu Di felt ashamed in his heart and indulged in his second son. The more this happened, the more Zhu Gaoxu became. He followed the example of the prince when he came and went, and he was quite disrespectful to the prince.
At that time, some courtiers advised Zhu Gaozi to beware of Zhu Gaoxu, but Zhu Gaozi chose another way of dealing with it--killing.
Zhu Gaoxu made a mistake, and Zhu Gaoxu interceded for his brother; Zhu Gaoxu gave Zhu Gaoxu a trip, and Zhu Gaoxu chose to smile to deal with it; Zhu Gaoxu suppressed the wenchen who was unfavorable to him, and Zhu Gaoxu also turned a blind eye. In this way, Zhu Gaoxu became more and more lawless and ran amok in the capital for eleven years. It was not until the thirteenth year of Yongle that Zhu Gaoxu's behavior finally aroused Zhu Di's dissatisfaction. The Biography of Ming Shi Zhu Gaoxu records:
Ask Tiance Wei to be the guardian and compare himself to Tang Taizong. Self, please benefit two guards between the multipleplications, and do what you do.
Zhu Gaoxu wrote to Zhu Di and pleaded with Zhu Di to send Tiance Wei to him as a guard.
During the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin was highly meritorious and was made a general of Tiance by Li Yuan, and Zhu Gaoxu's move was actually a great imitation of Li Shimin's intention.
Soon, Zhu Gaoxu's words from Li Shimin in the mansion reached Zhu Di's ears, and Zhu Di was terrified. Let me ask: If Zhu Gaoxu is Li Shimin, then what is Zhu Di? Is it the emperor who was elevated?
In Chinese history, there have been many princes who are blind to everything, but there are very few who can stand shoulder to shoulder with Zhu Gaoxu. It turns out that Zhu Gaoxu can be proud of his achievements, can transgress etiquette, and even disrespect his brother, but he cannot arouse his father's suspicion. Because once he does, his good days are over.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="171" >4, abandoned by the times</h1>
In the thirteenth year of Yongle, Zhu Di ignored Zhu Gaoxu's cries and insisted on changing Zhu Gaoxu's fief to Qingzhou, demanding that Zhu Gaoxu must go to the fiefdom to take the domain. Zhu Gaoxu had no choice but to select three thousand elite soldiers and resolutely leave the capital. Halfway through, Zhu Gaoxu plundered the people, and the soldiers and horses commanded Xu Ye donkey to lead the troops to stop it, but Zhu Gaoxu directly cut Xu Ye donkey in two, and the means were so fierce that the Shandong officials were all shocked. After arriving at the fiefdom, Zhu Gaoxu became even more arrogant, he seized the people's land, burned and plundered, regarded the people as grass, and committed all kinds of evil deeds.
The following year, Zhu Gaoxu returned to Beijing, and Zhu Di counted Zhu Gaoxu's ten major crimes, stripped Zhu Gaoxu of his crown and clothes, and imprisoned him in the Xihua Gate. If it were not for the crown prince Zhu Gaoxu crying and interceding for him, Zhu Gaoxu might have been reduced to a commoner.
Afterwards, Zhu Di cut off Zhu Gaoxu's two guards, killed his cronies around him, and resealed them to Le'an Prefecture. Ming Shi Yun:
Gao Xu is happy, resentful, and anxious.
After Zhu Gaoxu arrived in Le'an, he was not grateful for his brother's rescue, and he became increasingly resentful, and many of his subordinates were brewing "conspiracies".
In the twenty-second year of Yongle of the Ming Dynasty, Ming Chengzu Zhu Di died of illness during the Northern Expedition, in order to prevent Zhu Gaoxu's rebellion, Yang Rong, Zhang Fu and other ministers on the one hand did not send a secret funeral, on the other hand, they urgently sent people to Beijing to inform the crown prince Zhu Gaoxu, and after Zhu Gaozi sent his son Zhu Zhanji to welcome back Zhu Di's coffin, the overall situation was decided, and Zhu Gaoxu had no chance. In the same year, Zhu Gaozi ascended the throne for Akihito.
The Biography of Ming Shi Zhu Gaoxu records:
Gao Xu also sent people to serve the Beijing Master every day, but fortunately there was a change. Renzong knows it, gu yi is generous. The suicide note is summoned, and the age is increased, and the ten thousand are given, and the fate is still returned. He was made the eldest son shizi (世子), the king of Yu county.
This means that after Zhu Gaoxu ascended the throne, Zhu Gaoxu was very uneasy, and he sent his henchmen to infiltrate the capital and wait for the opportunity to launch a rebellion. Zhu Gaoxu knew that his brother had evil intentions, but he still crowned Zhu Gaoxu, not only adding his Feng Lu, but also rewarding Zhu Gaoxu's sons.
In fact, this is where Akihito's Chu Takashi was clever. As the saying goes, there is no doubt that the crime is never committed, and if Zhu Gaozi rushes to take a shot at his brother without evidence, it will not only affect his own reputation, but also fail to achieve the desired effect. Therefore, he continued to reward Zhu Gaoxu, hoping that Zhu Gaoxu would be able to thank him for his kindness and let go of his covetousness from then on.
Zhu Gaozi's heart for his brother's fist did not move his brother. Ten months later, Zhu Gaoxu once again saw the hope of rebellion. In the first year of Hong Xi, Zhu Gaozi died after less than a year on the throne.
Zhu Gaoxu was overjoyed when he heard the news, and he decisively dispatched a killer, intending to intercept and kill Zhu Zhanji.
It turned out that before Zhu Gaoji's death, Zhu Zhanji was sent to Nanjing for inspection, and when Zhu Gaozi was seriously ill, he urgently summoned Zhu Zhanji to return to Beijing. Therefore, on the way back to Beijing from Nanjing, it was an excellent opportunity for Zhu Gaoxu to start. However, on the one hand, because Zhu Gaoxu's preparation was too hasty, and on the other hand, Zhu Zhanji's return was too fast, and the killer sent by Zhu Gaoxu "ambushed the soldiers on the road, but the pawns did not succeed."
After escaping the pursuit and killing of the second uncle, Zhu Zhanji returned to the capital and successfully ascended the throne for Emperor Xuanzong. The History of the Ming Dynasty records:
And the emperor ascended the throne, and Gave Gao Xu and the King of Zhao a special favor to his palace.
After Zhu Zhanji ascended the throne, he followed his father's example and rewarded his second uncle Zhu Gaoxu and third uncle Zhu Gaoxuan with special rewards. Next, Zhu Gaoxu put forward some "An min" requests, and Zhu Zhanji gladly agreed. After a few rounds, Zhu Gaoxu thought that his nephew was just a soft persimmon. Perhaps, Zhu Gaoxu seemed to see the shadow of his cousin Zhu Yunxiu from Zhu Zhanji's body.
The same uncle robbed the nephew of the Jiangshan, the father can, why can't I? Therefore, Zhu Gaoxu decided to copy Zhu Di's story and launched the second "Battle of Jingnan".
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="181" >5, roasted by Zhu Zhanji</h1>
In August of the first year of the Ming Dynasty's Xuande Dynasty, Zhu Gaoxu, the King of Han, joined forces with Jin Rong, the capital of Shandong, to plunder all the horses in the surrounding areas, set up the Fifth Army of the Left and Right, and plotted a rebellion. The Biography of Ming Shi Zhu Gaoxu records:
Yushi Li Mao lost his father's home, Gao Xu recruited, did not follow, changed his name, and changed his name. Emperor Yu could not bear to increase his troops, and sent the lieutenant Hou Tai to give Gao Xushu.
This means that at that time, there was an official in the court named Li Mao, and because he was worried about his father's death at home, Zhu Gaoxu sent someone to recruit Li Mao to conspire for a major event, but Li Mao did not agree. Later, Li Hao changed his name and surname, escaped from Zhu Gaoxu's hands, took a small road to the Beijing Division, and reported Zhu Gaoxu's rebellion to Zhu Zhanji. Zhu Zhanji's performance was the same as that of Emperor Jianwen, who could not bear to attack his uncle, but only sent the eunuch Hou Tai to question Zhu Gaoxu with an edict. As a result, Zhu Gaoxu replied strongly:
"Yongle believes in slander, cut me to guard, and move me to be happy." The Ren Apostle baited me with gold, how could I be depressed here! Ru returned to the report, and xia yuanji, who was anxious to bind the traitor, came and xu discussed what I wanted. ”
Zhu Gaoxu meant that during the Yongle period, the imperial court cut me off to guard and moved me to Le'an Prefecture. During the Hongxi period, the imperial court bribed me with a brocade, how could I be at your mercy? And you go back and tell Zhu Zhanji to ask him to tie up Natsuhara Ji and other traitors and hand them over to me, and I will slowly discuss with him!
From This passage of Zhu Gaoxu's words, it can be seen that Zhu Gaoxu is not only full of resentment towards his father and brother, but also is not ashamed to say that Zhu Zhanji is by no means his opponent.
Despite this, the window paper of Zhu Gaoxu's rebellion was not completely broken at that time, because Hou Tai was just a eunuch, and after he returned to Beijing, he did not dare to tell the truth, and Zhu Zhanji still did not believe that Zhu Gaoxu had rebelled.
According to the Biography of Ming Shi Zhang Fu:
In the first year of Xuande, Gao Xu, the king of Han, plotted a rebellion, lured the heroes to respond internally, and sent people to the auxiliary office at night. The auxiliary insisted on hearing it, and did everything in its power, because please strike at it.
Zhu Gaoxu knew that if he wanted to rebel, there would be no one in the capital who would respond accordingly. Zhu Gaoxu sent people to Beijing to contact the British gong Zhang Fu, hoping that Zhang Fu could assist him in achieving great things.
It turns out that Zhu Gaoxu has the same opportunities as a father, but does not have a father's brain. Because this move of his move is very unsophisticated.
Zhang Fu was the son of Zhang Yu, and was made a British duke by Zhu Di for his meritorious service in pacifying Annan. During the years of Yongle and Hongxi, the status of the British Gongzhang family had surpassed that of the Xu family of the Duke of Wei, and it could be called the first noble of the imperial court. Zhu Gaoxu's pinning his hopes on Zhang Fu at this time was undoubtedly a bad move.
Just think: Zhang Fu was already the first nobleman of the Ming Dynasty, even if he took a huge risk to help Zhu Gaoxu succeed in rebellion, what could Zhu Gaoxu give him? Therefore, after receiving Zhu Gaoxu's letter, Zhang Fu rushed to the palace at the first time and confirmed Zhu Gaoxu's accusation of rebellion.
After Zhu Zhanji got the evidence, he immediately summoned Zhang Fu, Yang Shiqi, Xia Yuanji, Yang Rong, and others to discuss, and Zhang Fu meant that "as long as Your Majesty gives me 20,000 soldiers and horses, I will be able to capture Zhu Gaoxu alive." However, Yang Rong, one of the "Three Yangs", did not think so, yang Rong analyzed the situation, and finally gave a four-word suggestion: Royal Driving Pro-March!
Why did Yang Rong have to persuade Emperor Xuanzong to march in person? There is a deep reason for this. 27 years ago, after the outbreak of the Battle of Jingnan, the reason why the Southern Army failed was essentially that Emperor Jianwen favored Geng Bingwen and Li Jinglong and others. Therefore, it is also the rebellion of the king of the domain, this time, the emperor does not believe anyone, and the royal conquest is the best recipe.
Facts proved that Yang Rong was right, because zhu Zhanji's imperial conquest, the war was quickly put down. The History of the Ming Dynasty records:
And smell the signs, and be afraid. From time to time, those who return from Le'an, the emperor rewards them, and orders them to return to the people... Striker to Le'an, Gao Xu about to debate Dan to play.
Zhu Gaoxu seemed to be determined to win, but in fact he was a fierce introvert, and when he heard that Zhu Zhanji had actually come in person, he had weakened his momentum by a few points. Next, some rebels surrendered to the imperial court, and were rewarded by Zhu Zhanji, and Zhu Gaoxu's army was in chaos when he ascended, and for a time, many generals abandoned the city and fled, taking the initiative to defect to the imperial court, and the big battle was not fought, and the generals around Zhu Gaoxu were already half gone. When Zhu Zhanji came to the north of Le'an City, Zhu Gaoxu had to close the city gate and did not dare to go to war.
Next, Zhu Zhanji ordered the siege not to fight, and continued to exert his offensive tactics, and the rebels in the city knew that they were not opponents of the imperial court, and even planned to capture Zhu Gaoxu alive and dedicate them to the imperial court in order to make a meritorious contribution to the crime. Zhu Gaoxu was so shocked that he had to burn the letter and choose to escape. After the hopeless escape, Zhu Gaoxu resolutely confessed and announced his surrender.
Many people like to compare the "Zhu Gaoxu Rebellion" with the "Battle of Jingnan", in fact, the author believes that the former and the latter are not of the same magnitude, whether in terms of the scale of the war or the ability of the king of the clan who started the war.
After Zhu Gaoxu was arrested, the group of ministers went up to the music to kill him, and Zhu Zhanji showed Zhu Gaoxu the folds of everyone, and Zhu Gaoxu prostrated his head: "The sins of the criminals deserve to die, and everything is according to the emperor's will." ”
Before Banshi returned to the dynasty, Zhu Zhanji did not kill the second uncle, but only ordered Zhu Gaoxu's father and son to be reduced to a commoner and sent back to the capital to be taken care of. All the masterminds involved in the rebellion were put to death, leaving the rest alone.
In the History of Ming and other canonical histories, the final outcome of Zhu Gaoxu is not recorded, but in the "Chronicle of the Tribute to the State Dynasty and the Biography of the Han Shu people", Zhu Gaoxu's death is quite unusual, and the book records:
One day long I want to look, stop left and right, and don't listen. And, for a long time. Unexpectedly, the shu people stretched out one foot and hooked up on the servant's ground. Left and right are urgently lifted up. The strong man was ordered to cover it with a copper cylinder. The cylinder weighs about three hundred pounds, and the people are powerful, and the neck is negative and moving. The charcoal tank is like a mountain, but the charcoal is overdue, the fire is blazing, and the people die.
This means that one day, Emperor Xuanzong of Ming went to visit his second uncle Zhu Gaoxu in prison, and when Zhu Zhanji left, Zhu Gaoxu suddenly stretched out his legs and tripped Zhu Zhanji. Zhu Zhanji was furious and thought that the second uncle's heart was reprehensible, so he ordered someone to take a three-hundred-pound copper cylinder to cover Zhu Gaoxu, and Zhu Gaoxu was so brave that he almost came out of the cylinder. Zhu Zhanji was furious and ordered a fire to be built outside the copper cylinder, and poor Zhu Gaoxu, the king of the han dynasty in the early Ming Dynasty, was eventually roasted alive.
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The Ming dynasty historian Jiao Zhu once commented on Zhu Gaoxu:
It is fierce, obscene, cunning, sinister, and stubborn, and cannot be endured for a long time.
Under the influence of the imperial court, during the Ming Dynasty, people mostly had the same views of Zhu Gaoxu as Jiao, and historians attached almost all the derogatory labels to Zhu Gaoxu.
The author believes that Zhu Gaoxu is fierce, cunning, and stubborn, which is undeniable. He coveted the throne, launched a rebellion, and eventually failed, and his story is the best negative teaching material for the ming dynasty king, and at the same time, it is also the epitome of many careerists in history.
Zhu Gaoxu was different from Zhu Di, who had launched the Battle of Jingnan in that year, although there were also undesirable points, Zhu Di only decided to take the side of the Qing Emperor when emperor Jianwen was trying to cut the domain, pressing forward step by step, and retreating if he did not advance. Zhu Gaoxu was deeply rewarded by Emperor Renzong and Emperor Xuanzong, and as long as he was the king of his domain in peace, the imperial court would not squeeze his interests. Under these circumstances, Zhu Gaoxu still declared rebellion.
In other words, Zhu Di's rebellion had an element of force, while Zhu Gaoxu's rebellion was entirely self-interested. This was his most undesirable beginning.
Is zhu Gaoxu in history a negative figure in a pure sense? Not really.
The author believes that Zhu Gaoxu's merits in the Battle of Jingnan still need to be recognized by history, and at the same time, from a psychological point of view, what caused Zhu Gaoxu's tragedy was not only his personal desires, but also the system of "standing up for a long time" in the feudal era. Zhu Gaoxu's unwillingness, although unreasonable, is reasonable.
Mr. Cai Dongfan used a poem to evaluate Zhu Gaoxu in the "Ming History", which I think is very accurate:
Mediocre also wants to be strong and strong, and he is violently injuring himself.
Mo Xiang boiled beans in the cauldron, and the original disaster was Emperor Wen.
Zhu Gaoxu was dissatisfied with the status quo, and his desire to fill in the gap was difficult to fill, and he was ultimately defeated. While lamenting the internal infighting of the Ming Dynasty, we should also think that the disaster of Zhu Gaoxu was actually caused by Zhu Di.
As a father, if Zhu Di did not give so much indulgence to his second son, Zhu Gaoxu would not be blind. If Zhu Di did not leave Zhu Gaoxu with hope of succeeding to the throne, Zhu Gaoxu would not be unwilling.
In fact, not only Zhu Di, Akihito Zhu Gaozi, Ming Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji was also suspected of "killing" Zhu Gaoxu, that is, the three emperors of the Ming Dynasty joined forces to create an era of "abandoned sons". This is the origin of the disaster of Zhu Gaoxu, the King of Han.
Wang Chong, a famous thinker of the Eastern Han Dynasty, once said in "On Balance":
"The combination of the ice of the Gufu River is not the cold of a day; the accumulation of soil is a mountain, and it is not the work of Sisu."
Frozen three feet, not a day's cold. Although Zhu Gaoxu's life was tortuous, the root cause of Zhu Gaoxu's disaster was the place that most worthy of future generations' consideration.