Tarantula family - Ctenophorepodidae
Eukaryotic domain
animal kingdom
Subkingdom of eumetazoa
Ecdyanimal main phylum
Arthropod phylum
Subphylum Chelicera
Arachnids (Arachnida)
Araneae
Suborder Neoarachnidae
General family Tarantulia
Ctenopodae (Ctenophores)
Ctenidae ( Ctenidae ) is a family of arachnidae in the family Tarantulia.
Ctenophorepods were formerly known as the family Pegraceae , originally referring to organisms in the genus Lymatra today , but have now been extended to other ctenopod spiders. But unlike pegrine spiders, other ctenophorepods are not aggressive and may not be venom on their bodies, because we know very little about them, so it is unknown whether all members are poisonous, and we should be cautious when facing them. Ctenophorepods have a distinctive longitudinal groove at the top of an oval carapace at the back of it (some other spiders have similar grooves, such as Amaurobiidae).
1. Subordinates
Subfamily Cteninae
Subfamily Phoneutriinae
2. Ctenopod spiders
Phoneutria nigriventer is a genus of more than 400 species of ctenophorepods in the order Phoneutria nigriventer, including the Brazilian wandering spider. It is widely distributed, and there are several records on the mainland. Safari, similar to the family of robbers and tarantulas. The eye pattern is mostly arranged 2-4-2.
Whether ctenopods are the most venomous spiders in the world is still debated in academic circles. However, it is undeniable that this species is extremely toxic, and LD50 toxicity experiments have shown that its toxicity is far greater than that of the highly famous black widow (covidellidae).
3. Brazilian wandering spider
Brazilian migratory spiders (scientific name: Phoneutria fera), these spiders belong to the genus Ctenophorepod in the family Ctenophoridae; There is strong venom enough to make humans deadly. Scientists have found that the Brazilian wandering spider, which lives in South and Central America, is the most venomous spider in the world.
(1) Characteristics
Most members of the genus Ctenophores can be found in parts of South and Central America. Of the five known species, the migratory spider is quite large, with the largest female 3–5 cm long and a span of 13–15 cm between the legs. Males have a smaller body, about 3–4 cm. The most common body color is the overall gray appearance and brown dots, usually dark or black spots on the ventral side, the legs are the same color, and some parts of the body are red.
The Brazilian migratory spider, which lives in Brazil and is 2.5 cm long, slightly smaller than the Australian funnel-web spider, is the only aggressive species of spider and jumps towards a person if it gets too close to it. Especially in metropolitan areas, bitings by Brazilian wandering spiders are common, and there are no reliable statistics on the consequences of being bitten. Experts believe there are occasional deaths, but mainly because wounds are difficult to heal – not from spider toxin.
(2) Life habits
The Brazilian migratory spider is a large spindle-shaped spider with a span of up to 15 cm between its legs. Their legs are very thick, covered with spikes, and they walk as fast as the wind. Brazilian wandering spiders also roam around foraging for food, and their wandering foraging puts people living in extreme danger; Because some of their members like to go "shopping" in densely populated places, such as hiding in the shadow of cars or houses to avoid sunlight. If people don't pay attention for the slightest, they will be attacked by them. Every year in Brazil, people are bitten by wandering spiders, and some of the most serious bites have unfortunately lost their lives.
Another characteristic of Brazilian wandering spiders is that when they are angry, they will raise their distinctive red chelas, and the next four legs are used as support, swinging the first four legs and moving horizontally to warn the other party that they are angry. If the other side does not listen, they will immediately resolve it through non-peaceful means.
(3) Distribution
The Brazilian migratory spider was first found in the forests of Costa Rica from the Andes Mountains in eastern South America to central South America (including Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay). It was later introduced to Chile and Uruguay.
(4) Venom
(1) Harm
A bite by a wandering spider causes intense local pain and swelling, followed by severe systemic effects such as irregular heart rhythm, apnea, pulmonary edema, and vomiting.
Although statistics show that with a bite, the risk of death is quite small. If you are unlucky, not using serum in time can still lead to death.
The venom of Brazilian migratory spiders contains a neurotoxin PhTx3 (Phoneutria nigriventer toxin-3), a broad-spectrum calcium channel blocker that can block the release of glutamate and the absorption of glutamate and calcium by synapses. Causes loss of muscle control and impaired breathing, eventually leading to paralysis and suffocation. The toxin also causes severe pain and inflammation due to the excitement of the sensory receptor serotonin 5-HT4. This receptor stimulates the release of neuropeptides, such as substance P, which causes inflammation and pain.
In addition to causing pain, the venom of the Brazilian wandering spider can also cause painful and persistent erections. This erection can last for hours, eventually causing sexual impotence.
(2) Benefits
Scientists in the United States and Brazil claim to have successfully broken down a compound called "PnTx2-6" from the venom of Brazilian wandering spiders (aka banana spiders), which is called "nature's Viagra" and is much more effective than similar drugs currently on the market. The Brazilian migratory spider is widely found in the southern and central regions of the Americas and is one of the most venomous spiders in the world. Scientists have found that men bitten by Brazilian wandering spiders experience long-term and painful abnormal erections in addition to symptoms such as high blood pressure, difficulty breathing, inability to control muscles and severe pain. After these symptoms subsided, some men reported an improvement in their quality of sexual life. Researchers in Brazil and the United States say they broke down libido-boosting compounds from the venom of Brazilian wandering spiders, applied the substance to mice, and found that it was very different from common drugs for erectile dysfunction — more durable, with fewer side effects and a wider range of applications. This is undoubtedly a great thing for those who experience adverse reactions after taking drugs that promote libido. According to scientists, 30 million men in the United States are affected by erectile dysfunction, but 1/3 of them cannot be treated with drugs such as Viagra and Cialis. Scientists hope that "natural Viagra" PnTx2-6 will help those who cannot be treated with traditional therapies.
4. Yasuzu Tano
Anahita fauna is a spider in the genus Ctenophoridae, distributed abroad in Korea and Japan, mostly inhabiting grass and rice paddies. The type locality of this species is in Japan.
(1) Male and female differences
The female has a foot span of about 2 cm, and the male is slightly smaller. Field spiders are generally yellowish brown in color and able to climb smooth walls. The eyes are concave and the steps are hairy. A long gray line from the dorsal armor to the abdomen (flat line at the dorsal carapace and ripples on the abdomen), with black-brown ripples next to the gray line of the dorsal carapace making it more recognizable.
(2) Difference from badger spiders
Badger spiders can't climb walls, while Ann spiders can, and Ann spiders have more slender feet than badger spiders.
[For more wonderful articles, please pay attention to the WeChat public account "Earth Creatures and Human Civilization"]