ChatGPT Daily Q&A: What are the countries that have severed diplomatic relations with Taiwan?

ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) is a chat-based information processing tool developed by OpenAI and launched in November 2022. This article is a record of the author's Q&A with ChatGPT. The question is asked by the author, and the answer content is generated by ChatGPT. The first draft of the translation was provided by Google Translate and edited by the author. Illustration from Ryo Takemasa. If there is any data or logic imprecision in this article, you are welcome to leave a message to point it out. If you want to support this interesting article, please follow and forward it to a friend.

Which countries have severed diplomatic relations with Taiwan?

As of 2023, 15 (+2) countries have officially severed diplomatic relations with Taiwan and established formal relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC). These countries are:

Afghanistan

• Afghanistan is a landlocked country located in South and Central Asia. It borders Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan to the north, and China to the northeast. (Author's note: The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan)
• The capital of Afghanistan is Kabul, and the official languages are Pashto and Dari. Afghanistan has a population of about 38 million.
• Afghanistan's economy is largely dependent on agriculture, and opium poppy production is an important source of income. The country is also rich in mineral resources, including natural gas, oil and coal.
• Afghanistan has a complex history with a long tradition of tribal and ethnic conflict. The country has been invaded and occupied by various powers throughout its history, including Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, and the British Empire.
• Afghanistan has been in a state of conflict for decades, with various groups vying for control of the country. Following the September 11 attacks, the United States and its allies invaded Afghanistan in 2001, and the long-running conflict has continued since.
• Afghanistan is home to many ethnic groups, including Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras and Uzbeks. The majority of the population is Muslim, and Islam plays an important role in Afghan society.
• Afghanistan has a rich cultural heritage with a long history of poetry, music and art. Traditional Afghan music often features rubab (a lute-like instrument) and tabla (a drum).
• Afghanistan is known for its stunning natural beauty, including the Hindu Kush Mountains, the Wakhan Corridor, and the Band-e Amir National Park.
• The current Government of Afghanistan is the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, headed by President Ashraf Ghani. However, the Taliban recently took control of the country after the withdrawal of U.S. troops. The situation in Afghanistan is currently very unstable and uncertain. (Author's note: To understand the country, one book worth reading is: The Kite Runner.) ）

Chad

• Chad is a landlocked country located in north-central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west.
• The capital of Chad is N'Djamena and its official languages are French and Arabic. Chad has a population of about 16 million.
• Chad's economy depends heavily on agriculture and oil production. The country also has large uranium and gold mines. (The author's note: the country has mines, but does not have the technical and economic capacity to mine large areas.) An interesting recent piece of news about the country is Chad's aggressive confiscation of the assets of the U.S. oil company ExxonMobil in the country. ）
• Chad is home to many peoples, including Sala, Arabs and Fulani. The majority of the population is Muslim.
• Chad has a long history of conflict, including civil wars, coups and rebellions. The country has also been affected by conflicts in neighbouring countries, including the conflict in Darfur in Sudan and the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria.
• Chad is known for its diverse wildlife, including elephants, lions, and giraffes. Zakouma National Park and the Ennedi plateau are popular destinations for wildlife viewing.
• Chad is also home to many cultural festivals and events, including the Gerewol Festival, a cultural celebration of Fulani featuring traditional music, dance and beauty pageants.
• The current president of Chad is Mohamed Déby Itno, who took office in 2021 after the death of his father, Idriss Déby Itno. Following the death of the President, the country is currently in the midst of a period of political transition.
• Chad is a member of the United Nations, the African Union and other international organizations.

Dominican Republic

• The Dominican Republic is a Caribbean country located on the island of Hispaniola, which shares with Haiti. It is the second largest country in the Caribbean after Cuba, with a total area of approximately 48,500 square kilometers (18,700 square miles). (Author's note: Located in Central America)
• The capital of the Dominican Republic is Santo Domingo, which is also the largest city in the country. The official language is Spanish, and the country's population is about 10.8 million.
• The Dominican Republic's economy relies heavily on tourism, with its beaches, resorts, and historical sites attracting millions of visitors each year. The country also has an important agricultural sector, producing coffee, cocoa, and other crops.
• The Dominican Republic is known for its vibrant culture with a blend of African, European, and indigenous influences. Merengue and bachata are popular forms of music and dance, and the country is also home to many visual artists and writers.
• The Dominican Republic has a diverse landscape that includes rainforests, desert areas, and mountains. The country also has many national parks and reserves, such as Jaragua National Park and Los Haitises National Park.
• The Dominican Republic has a long history, and the indigenous people of the island are the Taíno people (author's note: indigenous Indians). The country was later colonized by the Spanish and gained independence in 1844.
• The Dominican Republic is a member of the United Nations, the Organization of American States and other international organizations. The current president is Luis Abinader, who took office in 2020.
• The country has faced challenges in recent years, including corruption, poverty and inequality. The Government has been working to address these issues, including through economic reforms and investment in education and social programs. (Author's note: It is worth mentioning that Dominica is a baseball powerhouse.) Major League Baseball tops the list. ）

Gambia

• The Gambia is a small West African country that is almost entirely surrounded by Senegal except for a short coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. (Author's note: The topography and location of this country is very special, see the attached picture below:)
• The capital of The Gambia is Banjul and the official language is English. However, many other languages are spoken in the country, including Mandinka, Wolof, Fulah, and Jorla.
• The Gambia has a population of approximately 2.5 million and covers an area of 10,689 square kilometres (4,127 sq mi). It is the smallest country on the African continent.
• The Gambia's economy is largely dependent on agriculture, especially the production of groundnuts. Tourism is also an important industry.
• The Gambia has a tropical climate, with a rainy season from June to October and a dry season from November to May.
• The Gambia has a rich cultural heritage with a long history of traditional music, dance and storytelling. One of the country's most famous cultural events is the annual Roots Homecoming Festival, which celebrates the country's connection to the African diaspora.
• The Gambia gained independence from British colonial rule in 1965 and became a republic in 1970. The current president, Adama Barrow, took office in 2017.
• The Gambia is famous for its wildlife, especially birds. Abuco Nature Reserve and Jiangxi National Park are two popular destinations for birdwatchers and wildlife lovers.
• (Author's note: This seems to be an unserious country, not only has capricious relations with Taiwan, but also declared war on the former Soviet Union, the European continent, the United States, etc., and scolded the United Nations and permanent members)

Kiribati

• Kiribati is a small island nation located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, straddling the equator. It consists of 33 coral atolls and reef islands with a total land area of just over 800 square kilometers (310 square miles).
• The capital of Kiribati is South Tarawa, located in Tarawa Atoll. The official languages of Kiribati are English and Gilbert.
• Kiribati has a population of approximately 120,000. Most of the population is of Gilbert descent, and Christianity is the dominant religion.
• Kiribati's economy is largely dependent on fishing and subsistence agriculture. The country lacks natural resources and relies heavily on foreign aid.
• Kiribati is vulnerable to climate change, including rising sea levels and increasingly severe storms. The government has been working to address these issues, including through initiatives to promote renewable energy and protect coastal ecosystems.
• Kiribati has a unique cultural heritage that places great emphasis on oral tradition and community-based decision-making. Traditional customs include canoe building, weaving and dancing.
• Kiribati gained independence from British colonial rule in 1979 and is a member of international organizations such as the United Nations. The current president is Taneti Maamau, who took office in 2016.
• Known for its beautiful beaches and crystal clear waters, Kiribati is a popular destination for diving and snorkeling. Located in the eastern part of the country, the Phoenix Islands Protected Area is one of the largest marine protected areas in the world.

(Author's note: There are no roads, large supermarkets, television stations in this country, and people live a simple life.) The country faces problems such as freshwater pollution, rising sea levels, etc. According to forecasts, 33 small islands here will disappear by 2030. Homeless people are likely to move to Australia and New Zealand as refugees. Kiribati's government is planning to build a man-made floating island similar to an offshore oil rig to house residents who are about to lose their homes. ）

Malawi

• Malawi is a landlocked country located in southeastern Africa, bordered by Tanzania to the north, Mozambique to the east and south, and Zambia to the west. Its total area is about 118,000 square kilometers (45,560 square miles).
• The capital of Malawi is Lilongwe, which is also the largest city in the country. The official languages are English and Chichewa, and the population is about 19.1 million.
• Malawi's economy is largely based on agriculture, with a large part of the population engaged in subsistence farming. Tobacco is the main export crop, followed by tea, sugar and cotton. Tourism in the country is also growing, with its national parks and wildlife sanctuaries attracting visitors from all over the world.
• Malawi is known for its friendly people, beautiful landscapes, and diverse wildlife. The country is home to several important protected areas, including Lake Malawi National Park and Lionde National Park, which are popular for their scenic beauty and wildlife viewing opportunities.
• Malawi has a rich cultural heritage, and traditional dance, music and art forms remain an important part of daily life. The country is also home to several important cultural sites, such as the Chongoni Rock Art District, which has ancient rock paintings and prints.
• Malawi has faced several challenges in recent years, including poverty, food insecurity and health. The government has been committed to addressing these challenges, including through investments in education and healthcare, as well as initiatives to promote economic growth and development.
• Malawi is a member of the United Nations, the African Union and other international organizations. The current president is Lazarus Chakwera, who took office in 2020.
• Malawi is known as the "warm heart of Africa" because of the friendly nature of its people.

Niger

• Niger is a landlocked country located in West Africa, bordered by Algeria to the north, Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso to the southwest, and Mali to the west. Its total area is about 1.27 million square kilometers (490,000 square miles).
• The capital of Niger is Niamey, which is also the largest city in the country. The official language is French, but several other languages are also spoken, including Hausa, Zarma, and Tamashek. The country's population is about 24.2 million.
• Niger's economy is dominated by agriculture and mining, and uranium is the country's main export. Other important industries include animal husbandry and forestry. Niger is also known for its vast desert landscape and natural resources including oil and gas reserves. (Author's note: It is worth mentioning that although Niger is rich in uranium, it does not have enough economic and technological capacity to mine it.) In the process of uranium mining in France, it has brought serious pollution problems that damage people's health. At the same time, the nationals of Donigreen did not know about the existence of uranium mines)
• Known for its diverse wildlife and natural beauty, Niger is home to several important protected areas, including W National Park and the Ayr and Tenère Nature Reserves. The country is also home to several important cultural sites, including the ancient city of Agadez and the Kure Giraffe Sanctuary.
• Niger has faced a number of challenges in recent years, including poverty, food insecurity and insecurity. The government has been committed to addressing these challenges, including through investments in education and healthcare, as well as initiatives to promote economic growth and development.
• Niger is a member of the United Nations, the African Union and other international organizations. The current president is Mohammed Bazoum, who took office in 2021.
• Niger is one of the hottest countries in the world, with summer temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F). The country also has one of the lowest literacy rates in the world, with only about 15% of adults able to read and write.

Sao Tome and Principe

• Sao Tome and Principe is an island nation located in the Gulf of Guinea off the west coast of Africa. It consists of two main islands, São Tomé and Príncipe, and several smaller islets. The total land area of the country is about 1,001 square kilometers (386 square miles).
• The capital city of São Tomé and Príncipe is São Tomé, located on the island of São Tomé. The official language is Portuguese and the population of the country is about 219,000.
• Sao Tome and Principe's economy is predominantly agricultural, with cocoa and coffee being the main export crops. Tourism in the country is also growing, with its pristine beaches and rainforests attracting tourists from all over the world.
• Known for its rich biodiversity, São Tomé and Príncipe is home to several important protected areas, including Obo National Park and Principe Biosphere Reserve. The country is also home to several important cultural sites, such as the Cao Grande rock formation and the fishing village of Sao Joao dos Angolares.
• Sao Tome and Principe has a stable political environment and is known for its peace. The country is a member of the United Nations, the African Union and other international organizations. The current chairman is Evaristo Carvalho, who took office in 2016.
• São Tomé and Príncipe has a tropical climate, with average temperatures around 27°C (81°F) throughout the year. The country is also known for its unique cuisine, blending African, Portuguese, and Brazilian influences.
• The official currency of São Tomé and Príncipe is Dobra, named after the Portuguese escudo, the country's previous currency. The country also has a diverse and vibrant music scene with a variety of popular genres, including zouk, coladeira, and funana.

(Note: It is worth mentioning that during the slave trade, Sao Tome and Principe became a stopover for ships traveling between Europe, Africa and the Americas and a transit point for the slave trade. At the same time, the Portuguese colonists also forced slaves to perform heavy labor on the island's sugar cane plantations, and a large number of slaves were tortured to death, and the two islands were once known as the "island of death". ）

Solomon Islands

• The Solomon Islands is a sovereign state consisting of six major islands and more than 900 small islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, located east of Papua New Guinea and northern Australia. The total land area of the country is about 28,400 square kilometers (11,000 square miles). (Author's note: The country got its name from 1568, when the Spanish navigator Mendanha de Mendaña y Neira arrived here and saw that the indigenous people were wearing shining gold ornaments, thinking that they had found the gold treasury of King Solomon of Israel, so he named it the Solomon Islands.) In fact, the country has nothing to do with Solomon or Israel. ）
• The capital of the Solomon Islands is Honiara, located on the island of Guadalcanal. The official language is English, but several other languages are also spoken, including the national Creole Piggin. The country has a population of about 699,000 people.
• Solomon Islands' economy is predominantly agricultural, with copra, cocoa and palm oil being the main export crops. The country is also rich in fisheries, and tourism is a growing industry. The Solomon Islands are known for their stunning natural beauty, pristine coral reefs and rainforests that attract visitors from all over the world.
• Solomon Islands has a rich and diverse culture, with more than 70 different languages spoken throughout the country. The country is also known for its traditional arts and music, including pan flute music in Malaita province and carving in the western province.
• Solomon Islands has a tropical climate, with an average temperature of around 26°C (79°F) throughout the year. The country is also known for its active volcanoes, which have contributed to the formation of these islands over millions of years.
• Solomon Islands gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1978 and is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth and other international organizations. The current prime minister is Manasseh Sogavare, who took office in 2019.
• Solomon Islands has faced several challenges in recent years, including political instability, natural disasters, and health care and education issues. The government has been grappling to address these challenges, including by investing in infrastructure and social projects.

Somalia

• Somalia is a country located in the Horn of Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean to the east. It has a population of about 16 million and a total land area of about 637,000 square kilometers (246,000 square miles). (Author's note: Somalia has the longest coastline in Africa, bordered by the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the east, and guarding the Red Sea outlet.) The country is known for piracy and inactive government. ）
• The capital of Somalia is Mogadishu, the largest city in the country. The official languages are Somali and Arabic, and the majority of the population is Muslim. (Author's note: Somalia became independent in 1960 when Britain and Italy merged their respective colonial mandates into one.) At that time, the southern region of Somalia used English communication and believed in British culture, while the northern region of Somalia used Italian exchange and believed in Italian culture, and the two different cultures could not blend with each other, resulting in a great gap between the north and the south. ）
• Somalia has a long history of political instability and conflict. The country has been in a state of civil war since the 1990s, with various armed groups vying for control of different parts of the country. Conflicts have led to widespread violence, displacement and humanitarian crises.
• Somalia's economy is predominantly agricultural, with livestock and crops such as bananas, sorghum and maize being the main sources of income for many. The country also has large oil and gas reserves, which remain untapped due to the ongoing conflict.
• Somalia is known for its rich cultural heritage, with its traditions and customs passed down from generation to generation. The country has several important historical and cultural sites, including the ancient city of Zeila and the Laas Geel cave paintings.
• Somalia has a tropical climate, with average temperatures around 27°C (81°F) throughout the year. The country also experiences periodic droughts and floods, which can exacerbate food insecurity and other challenges.
• The Somali Government, currently based in Mogadishu, is working to establish stability and security throughout the country. The Government's efforts to promote peace and development have been supported by the United Nations, the African Union and other international communities.
• Somalia also has a large diaspora community, with many Somalis living in other parts of Africa, as well as in Europe and North America. The Somali diaspora plays an important role in supporting national development and safeguarding national interests on the global stage.

Eswatini (original name Eswatini)

• Eswatini is a small, landlocked country located in southern Africa. Formerly known as Eswatini, it was officially renamed Eswatini in 2018. The country has a population of about 1.1 million and a total land area of about 17,364 square kilometers (6,704 square miles). (Author's note: To avoid confusion between the English spelling of the name Swaziland and Switzerland, the country was renamed the Kingdom of eSwatini.) ）
• The capital of Eswatini is Mbabane, but the royal and legislative capital is Lobamba. The official languages are English and Swati, and the majority of the population is Christian.
• Eswatini is ruled by the absolute monarch, King Mswati III, who has been in power since 1986. The country has a unique political system, with the king appointing the prime minister and cabinet, as well as a large part of the legislature.
• Swatini is a mixed economy, with agriculture and manufacturing being the main sources of income. The country is known for the production of sugar, citrus fruits, and forestry products. The Government has also been working to attract foreign investment, particularly in the area of information and communication technologies.
• Eswatini is known for its rich cultural heritage, with traditional dance, music, and art being an important part of the country's identity. The annual Umhlanga Reed Dance is an important cultural event where young women collect reeds to offer to the king.
• Eswatini has a subtropical climate, with average temperatures of around 20°C (68°F) in winter and 28°C (82°F) in summer. The country is prone to drought and occasional flooding.
• Eswatini has a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, with an estimated 26% of adults living with the disease. In recent years, the Government has invested heavily in HIV prevention and treatment programmes and has made progress in reducing the spread of the disease.
• Eswatini is a member of the United Nations, the African Union and other international organizations. The country has close ties with South Africa, which provides significant economic and political support.

Tonga

• Tonga is a small island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Fiji and south of Samoa. It consists of 169 islands, 36 of which are inhabited, with a total land area of about 747 square kilometers (288 square miles).
• The capital of Tonga is Nuku'alofa, located on the island of Tongatapu. The official languages are Tongan and English, and most of the population is Christian.
• Tonga has a constitutional monarchy and the current head of state is King Tupou VI. The country has a unicameral parliament, with members elected by the people.
• Tonga has a mixed economy, with agriculture, fishing and tourism being the main sources of income. The country is famous for the production of root crops such as taro and cassava, as well as the tuna fishing industry. Tourism has been growing in recent years, and tourists are attracted by the country's natural beauty and cultural heritage.
• Tonga has a rich cultural heritage, with traditional dance, music and art playing an important role in daily life. The country is also known for its unique sports culture, with rugby leagues and cricket popular among the population.
• Tonga has a tropical climate with an average temperature of around 27°C (81°F) throughout the year. The country is prone to hurricanes, which can cause significant damage to infrastructure and crops.
• Tonga is a member of international organizations such as the United Nations and maintains close ties with neighboring Pacific island countries. In recent years, the country has worked to strengthen economic and political ties with major powers such as China and Japan.
• Tonga faces many challenges, including a high incidence of noncommunicable diseases such as obesity and diabetes, and vulnerability to natural disasters and climate change. The government has been committed to addressing these challenges through investments in health and infrastructure and efforts to promote sustainable development.

(Author's note: On January 14, 2022, a violent eruption occurred on the Tonga volcano. Since then, the number of Mt. Fuji vents has suddenly increased from 44 to 300. Tonga volcanic eruptions have been reported to have a lasting impact on the global climate for 1-2 years. ）

Tuvalu

• Tuvalu is a small island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, roughly halfway between Hawaii and Australia. As shown in the following figure:
• It consists of nine coral atolls and islands with a total land area of only 26 square kilometers.
• With a population of around 11,000, Tuvalu is one of the least populous countries in the world.
• The official languages of Tuvalu are Tuvaluan and English.
• The capital of Tuvalu is Funafuti, located on the largest atoll in the country.
• Tuvalu is a member of the United Nations, the Pacific Islands Forum and the Commonwealth.
• Tuvalu's economy is heavily dependent on foreign aid, remittances from Tuvaluans living abroad and income from the sale of fishing licences.
• Tuvalu has a tropical climate with an average temperature of around 30 degrees Celsius throughout the year. However, the country is at risk from rising sea levels and other impacts of climate change.
• Tuvalu is known for its unique culture, which includes traditional dances, music, and crafts. The country also has a rich oral history and storytelling tradition.
• Tuvalu uses the Australian dollar as its official currency and is located in the same time zone as Fiji and New Zealand.
• (Note: On November 15, 2022, Tuvalu said it planned to create a digital version of Tuvalu that would replicate the islands and their landmarks and preserve their history and culture to ensure the country would continue to function as a nation after it was submerged.) Tuvalu became the first digital nation in the metaverse. ）

Burkina Faso

• Burkina Faso is a landlocked country located in West Africa, bordering six other countries: Mali, Niger, Benin, Togo, Ghana, and Ivory Coast.
• The capital of Burkina Faso is Ouagadougou, which is also the largest city in the country.
• Burkina Faso has a population of about 21 million and is home to more than 60 different ethnic groups.
• Burkina Faso's official languages are French and Moré, although many other local languages are spoken throughout the country.
• Burkina Faso's economy is largely based on agriculture, and cotton is the country's most important export crop. Gold mining is also an emerging industry in Burkina Faso.
• Burkina Faso is known for its traditional music and dance, including the balafon (a xylophone-like instrument) and the kora, a harp-like instrument.
• The country has a rich cultural heritage, with many ancient sites and historical sites, such as the Lolopeni site, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Burkina Faso has a semi-arid climate, with high temperatures and limited rainfall in most areas.
• In recent years, the country has faced many challenges, including political instability, economic struggles and ongoing violence from extremist groups.
• Despite those challenges, Burkina Faso was a member of the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States and other international organizations and was working to address them and promote stability and growth.

(Author's note: Burkina Faso is a country whose name means: "Land of honest men.") Since 2013, China has been the country's largest export destination for cotton. At the same time, China is the country's largest source of imports of automobiles and mechanical and electrical products. ）

Haiti

• Haiti is a country located on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, which shares the island with the Dominican Republic.
• The official languages of Haiti are French and Haitian Creole.
• With a population of approximately 11 million, Haiti is the most populous country in the Caribbean.
• The capital and largest city of Haiti is Port-au-Prince.
• Haiti's economy is predominantly agricultural, with coffee, mangoes and sugar cane being the most important crops. Haiti is also known for its handicrafts and tourism.
• Haiti is known for its rich cultural heritage, including music, dance and cuisine, which blend African, French and indigenous influences.
• The country has a tropical climate with hot and humid summers and cool winters.
• In recent years, Haiti has faced many challenges, including political instability, natural disasters and persistent poverty. The 2010 earthquake was a particularly devastating event, causing widespread damage and loss of life.
• Haiti is a member of the United Nations, the Caribbean Community and other international organizations.
• Despite the challenges, Haiti is resilient, with progress made in recent years in areas such as healthcare and education.

(Author's note: The island of Haiti, shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic, was one of the first islands discovered by Columbus in the Americas in 1492, and soon became the first Spanish colony in the Americas, once known as "Spanish Island".) Due to the ravages of smallpox and other diseases brought by the colonists, the indigenous Indians were soon extinct. See Guns, Germs and Steel. After that, there was a severe shortage of labor on the island, and black slaves were introduced on a large scale. Today, 95% of the area is black, mostly of black West African descent. ）

Nicaragua

• Nicaragua is a country located in Central America, bordering Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south.
• The official language of Nicaragua is Spanish.
• Nicaragua has a population of approximately 6.7 million.
• The capital and largest city of Nicaragua is Managua.
• Nicaragua's economy is largely based on agriculture, with coffee, bananas and tobacco being the most important crops. Tourism is also developing in the country.
• Nicaragua is known for its beautiful landscapes, including numerous volcanoes, lakes, and beaches.
• The country has a tropical climate, with a rainy season from May to November and a dry season from December to April.
• Nicaragua has a rich cultural heritage, influenced by indigenous, European and African traditions. The country is famous for its music, dance, and literature.
• Nicaragua has faced many challenges in recent years, including political turmoil and economic struggles. The country has also been affected by natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes.
• Nicaragua is a member of the United Nations, the Organization of American States and other international organizations.

(The author's note: The latest data shows that Nicaragua is a major gold producer in Latin America, with more than 100 gold vein mines profound.) In 2021, Nicaragua's gold exports are expected to reach around 500,000 ounces, with an export value of US$870 million. It is the largest export product in the region besides beef. 43% of Nicaragua's area is forest, and mahogany and pine are important timber exports. ）

Honduras

• Honduras is a country located in Central America, bordered by Guatemala to the northwest, El Salvador to the south, and Nicaragua to the southeast.
• The official language of Honduras is Spanish.
• Honduras has a population of about 10 million.
• The capital and largest city of Honduras is Tegucigalpa.
• Honduras' economy is largely based on agriculture, with coffee, bananas and palm oil being the most important crops. The country is also developing manufacturing and tourism.
• Honduras is known for its beautiful natural landscapes, including beaches, rainforests, and mountains.
• The country has a tropical climate, with a rainy season from May to November and a dry season from December to April.
• Honduras has a rich cultural heritage, influenced by indigenous, European and African traditions. The country is famous for its music, dance, and food.
• Honduras has faced many challenges in recent years, including political instability, poverty and high levels of violence.
• Honduras is a member of the United Nations, the Organization of American States and other international organizations.

(Author's note: The Maya are a group of ancient Indians and the only people in the Americas to leave written records.) Western Honduras is recorded as one of the original Maya settlements, numbering 33,000 Mayans. Located in the province of Copán in western Honduras, the ruins of Copán are among the grandest and most spectacular of all the Mayan sites ever discovered. It contains pyramids, shrines and 21 stone pillars carved with the heads of ancient Emperor Copan. The Blue Hole, located 60 miles east of Belize City, the capital of Honduras, is also a marvel. ）