The 918 Incident is an important event in modern Chinese history, also known as the "918 Incident" or "Northeast Incident", which refers to the attack and occupation of Shenyang in northeast China on September 18, 1931, and the establishment of the "puppet Manchukuo", which was an important stage of the Japanese invasion of China.
1. Political background
In the early 20th century, China suffered decades of war and political turmoil, and after the Xinhai Revolution, under the struggle of various separatist forces at home and abroad, the country suffered internal and external troubles, social order was chaotic, lost the effective control of the central government, and the country's independence and sovereignty were also greatly challenged.
Against this backdrop, Japan's aggressive behavior also expanded, taking advantage of China's chaos to promote economic and colonial power toward China. After Japan's participation in the Rus-Day War in 1905, in the same year, Japan signed the Xinxiu Treaty with the Qing Dynasty, which agreed that the Qing government would transfer sovereignty over the Korean Peninsula to Japan, and a new colony appeared.
Since then, Japan has gradually and gradually established itself as a "emperor" state, and through military and diplomatic pressure, it has seized the interests of its islands and neighbors in the Pacific Ocean. In 1928, Japan's economic, cultural, and military collusion activities in the northeast region were gradually mastered by the Chinese government.
In 1931, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated to resist Japan, declared war on Japan, and began the struggle of the whole people against Japan. However, in response to the conflict between China and Japan at the mouth of the Majiang River outside Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, Japan sent troops to occupy northeast China, achieving the strategic goal of "killing two birds with one stone", aiming to strengthen its control over all corners of China.
2. Event process
In the early morning of September 18, 1931, under the pretext of the loss and blasting of a car from Shenyang to Andong by the Chinese railway, the Japanese army launched a "self-defense counterattack war", the Japanese army bombarded the Shenyang defenders with artillery shells, and launched attacks in three directions at the same time, first the Shenyang military port, then the armory, and finally into the city of Shenyang, carrying out organized invasion and plunder of the city.
After the incident, the Japanese government quickly issued an order to protect citizens, ordering its troops stationed in the northeast region to take necessary measures to protect the interests of Japan and the safety of people's lives and property here. At the same time, Japan announced the imposition of "martial law" on Shenyang, Jilin and other regions, and forcefully intervened and put pressure on the "918 Policy" pursued in the region.
During this period, Japan established a "puppet Manchukuo" in northeast China and installed a puppet government, assisted by Zhang Xueliang, aiming to consolidate the Japanese army's active control of northeast China. Diplomatically, Japan declared the economic, cultural, and political rights of the Tohoku region to be Japan's territory, in an attempt to establish its colonial status in Northeast China.
3. Reactions from all parties
The Nationalist government first condemned it and declared its strong resistance to Japanese aggression. The Chinese people responded positively, protested angrily, and organized anti-Japanese marches and demonstrations to express their strong dissatisfaction with Japan's aggression, and at the same time there was a counteroffensive action by the anti-Japanese army.
Internationally, the Northeast Incident attracted widespread attention and condemnation from the international community, and Jordan, as Ambassador Kodi at the time, called on the United Democratic Front (UDF) to regard the Northeast issue as a problem for all mankind. However, due to the pursuit of their own interests by the world's major countries, turning a blind eye, the diplomatic pressure of the international community on Japan was not enough, which further stimulated Japan's occupation of the Tohoku region.
In the northeast region, the local people were very angry at the occupation of the Japanese army, and the growing anti-Japanese sentiment was manifested in various resistance actions, and at the same time, under the organization of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, patriotic armed groups in various places began to plot counter-uprisings, resist foreign invasions, and express the determination and willingness of the Chinese people to oppose aggression.
4. Impact
The impact of the 918 incident was enormous. First of all, the Northeast Incident completely changed the political, economic and social situation in Northeast China, and the capitals and the people under the control of Japan began to accept the orders of their national government, and gradually lost control over China's territory, territorial waters and other rights and interests
Secondly, the Northeast Incident aroused a strong reaction in Chinese society, officially began the national anti-Japanese movement, and formed an anti-Japanese national united front.
In addition, the Northeast Incident directly led to a series of events in which the Chinese Communist Party decided to launch anti-Japanese guerrilla wars in various places, and also contributed to Japan's long-term military independence in Northeast China and the overall war of aggression against the whole country. At the same time, the Japanese invasion in Northeast China also took away a large amount of cultural heritage in Northeast China, and residents began to migrate significantly.
The 918 incident caused the political relations between China and Japan to deteriorate, and ended the cooperation between China and Japan in the political, diplomatic and other fields, which is not only a symbol of China's anti-Japanese national unity, which has suffered from the turmoil of war, anti-aggression, and anti-colonial unification in modern China, but also an extremely important event in China's modern history to express China, occupying the railway between the two countries and blowing up the railway organized by itself, in an attempt to cover up the pressure brought about by this invasion of China.
5. Event evaluation
The 918 incident was one of the humiliating events in China's modern history and a nightmare in the history of the Chinese nation. China's independence and sovereignty have been greatly challenged, and this is one of the classic examples of weakening the country and a great nation and moving towards the road of war. The 918 incident not only undermined China's territorial integrity in northeast China, but also led to further Japanese aggression and war against China, bringing great disasters and injuries to the Chinese people. At the same time, the friendly relations of aggression against the peoples of China and Japan also came to an end.
However, the 918 incident also marked China's reawakening, and the Chinese people resisted aggression in the traditional sense, defended independence and sovereignty, and formed a firm determination to comprehensively resist foreign invasion. Since then, in the process of Japan's aggression and expansion against China, the Chinese people have successively launched the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and achieved great victories, which has become one of the primary pursuits of national rejuvenation in China's modern history, and at the same time, it has also made China believe in realizing the re-emergence of the country and revitalizing it into a pivotal country or region.
In short, the 918 incident is an important event that cannot be ignored in China's modern history, and is of very positive significance to the people's government's firm national defense construction and consolidation of national security. At this time, we should also unify our thinking, resist the attacks of hostile forces, enhance our understanding of national consciousness, strive to play the vanguard role of national rejuvenation in all kinds of work, stabilize the people's mentality, display the national vitality and vitality of the mainland, and make due contributions to our country and our country