In 1492, the Spanish Catholic kings Isabel I and Fernando II officially issued the "Decree of Alhambula" to expel Jews and Muslims from the territory.
The decree ordered the expulsion of Jewish Jews from the Kingdom of Castile and Aragon and their possessions by 31 July of that year. Known as part of the Spanish Inquisition, this decree was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdom and replace the medieval Inquisition under papal control. After the decree, about 200,000 Jews converted to Catholicism (Marano) and between 40,000 and 100,000 were expelled. On 16 December 1968, the decree was officially withdrawn.
American Revolutionary War of 1774: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the closure of Boston Harbor, Massachusetts under the Boston Harbor Act.
The British Parliament passed the Boston Port Act, also known as the Trade Act of 1774. The bill was the British government's response to the Boston Tea Party affair, designed to punish Boston citizens and restrict freedom in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The bill requires all ships entering Boston to declare customs and pay taxes and fees, and prohibits the unloading of cargo to Boston port. In addition, the bill repealed the constitution of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and outlawed the autonomy of local governments. The Boston Port Act aroused great dissatisfaction among the American colonists and became one of the fuses of the American independence movement.
In 1854, U.S. Representative Matthew Perry and Japanese Representative Hayashi Fusai signed the Kanagawa Treaty, ending the Edo shogunate's policy of isolation.
The treaty allowed U.S. ships to call at two Japanese ports, providing trade opportunities for U.S. merchants and opening the door to exchanges between Japan and Western countries.
- The supplies needed by the American ships were in Shimoda and Hakodate after the opening of the port;
- Rescue and extradition of drifters;
- The residence of Americans is set in Shimoda;
- one-sided MFN treatment;
- The possible scope of activities of Americans is within 7 miles of Shimoda and 5 miles of Hakodate, and it is forbidden to enter samurai and machika;
- For the temporary rest places of the Americans, the Immortal Temple and the Yuquan Temple were set up, and the graves of the Americans were set in the Yuquan Temple;
- Americans are forbidden to engage in hunting activities such as hunting birds and animals;
On the eve of the Universal Exhibition in 1889, the Eiffel Tower, designed by French engineer Gustave Eiffel, was inaugurated in the Champ de Mars in Paris.
The Eiffel Tower is an iron openwork tower located in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, the Champ de Mars on the Seine, a world-famous building, and one of the symbols of French culture, one of the landmarks of the Paris city, and the tallest building in Paris. The official address is Rue Anatole-France 5.
The Eiffel Iron was originally named the "Three Hundred Meters Tower", and later named after its designer, Gustave Eiffel. A masterpiece of technology in the history of world architecture and a place of interest paid by the world's most popular people, this metal building inaugurated for the World's Fair occupied the position of the world's tallest man-made structure for four decades, until the Chrysler Building in New York.
In 1917, the Danish government sold the Danish West Indies to the United States for $25 million, becoming today's U.S. Virgin Islands.
The United States Virgin Islands is an organized, non-incorporated territory of the United States in the Caribbean, east of Puerto Rico and the northernmost of the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles. Originally known as the Danish West Indies, the archipelago was bought by the United States in 1916 and changed to its current name. Geographically, the U.S. Virgin Islands are part of the Virgin Islands. Since sovereignty over another part of the Virgin Islands is now British ownership, the British Dependent portion of the Islands is often referred to as the "British Virgin Islands" and the U.S. Dependent Part is referred to as the "United States Virgin Islands".
In 1945, a defecting German pilot delivered the world's first combatable jet fighter to the United States.
The German pilot's name was Hans Beck, who delivered the Messerschmitt Me 262A-1 to the US military on March 30, 1945. This jet fighter was one of the most advanced fighters in the world at the time, with high speed and a powerful weapon system that could easily shoot down Allied bombers. Although Germany produced a large number of Me 262s in World War II, due to various problems in the production process and the lack of sufficient fuel and professional technicians in the Luftwaffe, it did not play its due role. Nevertheless, the Me 262 was a landmark fighter that played an important role in the development of later jet fighters.
Today's Holidays: International Transgender Appearance Day, Malta Freedom Day (1979)
International Transgender Presence Day is a celebration on March 31 dedicated to celebrating transgender people and raising global awareness of discrimination faced by transgender people. The festival was established in 2009 by Rachel Crandall, a transgender rights activist in Michigan, USA, due to the lack of LGBT festivals that focused on transgender people at the time. At that time, the only well-known transgender holiday was Transgender Memorial Day, a festival to mourn transgender people killed as a result of hate crimes, but not to recognize and celebrate transgender people as members of society.
Malta Freedom Day 31 March 1979 is Malta's anniversary Freedom Day. This marks the anniversary of the withdrawal of the Royal Navy from Malta. There is a monument to Freedom Day on the country's Birgu waterfront.