preface
Hello everyone, I'm Mr. Lin, an article to take you to understand the network operating system, in addition to Windows, Linux, and you have not heard!
body
The concept of a network operating system
Operating system is a software used in computer systems to manage various software and hardware resources and provide human-computer interaction. A network operating system implements all the functions of an operating system and can manage and share resources on the network. Network Operation System (NOS) is a collection of software and communication protocols that enable various computers on the network to easily and effectively share network resources and provide various services required by network users.
The development process of the operating system
Mid-50s: The first simple batch operating system Mid-60s: Batch systems that produced multiple programs. The processor can process multiple programs in memory at the same time, so that the system hardware resources are fully utilized. 70s: Time-sharing operating system, representative products such as UNIX operating system. 80s: The formation of network operating systems Computer local area networks (LANs) have developed rapidly, and operating systems for building network service platforms for local area networks have emerged, representative systems such as NetWare. Entering the 90s: The Perfection of the Network Operating System Microsoft introduced a series of server products including Windows NT, Windows 2000 Server, and Windows Server 2003. Linux, Unix and other operating systems
Network operating system capabilities
Operating system features typically include:
- Processor management
- Storage management
- Device management
- File system management
- and the user interface provided to the user for the convenience of using the operating system.
The main tasks of the network operating system:
- Provides network services and network resource management
- Interface between network users and servers for network-based remote user access.
Network operating system function details:
1. Shared resource management
The network operating system should be able to effectively manage the shared resources in the network, such as shared hardware such as disk arrays, printers, plotters, and shared software such as directories, files, databases, and shared system software, and effectively coordinate the use of shared resources by users to ensure the security and consistency of shared data.
2. Network communication
The computer accessing the network as a host system should support network communication functions, that is, to realize the function from the network protocol stack data link layer to the application layer, so as to achieve error-free data transmission between the source host and the destination host, and the network operating system as the core device in the network application - the soul of the server, supports more protocols in network communication, providing higher security and availability.
3. Network services
The network operating system has built-in commonly used network servers to provide users with a variety of effective network services. Typical network services include:
- File transfer, access, and management services.
- Domain name resolution system DNS.
- User management services.
- Security services.
- Cluster support.
- Shared hard drive service.
- Share print services.
4. Network management
The network operating system supports network management protocols,
- For example, the simple network management protocol SNMP supports remote management and remote login of the server, and can realize the remote unified management of the entire network server.
- For example, third-party network management software can be used to integrate and manage servers in the network and monitor the operation of servers.
- For example, by creating Active Directory, the concept of using Windows domains can facilitate the management of servers in the domain of the entire network.
Another major task of network management is security management,
- For example, through "access control" to ensure the security of access to data;
- "Fault-tolerant technology" ensures that data can be safely recovered in the event of a system failure.
The network operating system can also monitor network performance, perform usage statistics, and provide necessary information for improving network performance, network maintenance, and accounting.
5. Interoperability
In a networked environment, various clients and hosts, often regardless of the operating system installed, are able not only to communicate with the server, but also to transparently access the file system on the server.
6. Job migration
That is, a job can be migrated from one node computer to another node computer with a lighter workload or suitable for the job.
The structure of the network operating system
There are usually two modes of forming a local area network: peer-to-peer network and client/server network. The client/server network operating system consists of two parts: the guest operating system and the server operating system.
Features of the guest operating system:
- Enable users to use local resources and work with local commands and applications
- Enables client-server communication.
Features of the server operating system:
- Manage various resources on the server and network
- Enables server-client communication
- Provide network services and network security management.
Common network operating systems
Representative network operating systems are:
- UNIX
- Linux (UNIX-derived free software)
- Netware (Novell Corporation)
- Windows (Microsoft Corporation)
- Windows NT Server
- Windows 2000 Server
- Windows Server 2003
- Windows Server 2008
UNIX
- 1969~1970 The American Telegraph and Telephone Company (AT&T) Bell Laboratory first implemented a UNIX system on the PDP-7 machine.
- A network operating system developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on the basis of a time-sharing operating system.
- UNIX is a centralized time-sharing multi-user multitasking operating system, which is currently the most powerful, secure and stable network operating system.
Linux
- Linus Torvalds, a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland, developed a new generation of network operating systems with UNIX operating system features.
- The biggest feature of Linux is that its source code is completely disclosed to users, and any user can modify the kernel of the Linux operating system according to their own needs.
Netware
- It is the world's first true microcomputer LAN operating system, and in 1984 Novell launched Netware version 1.0.
- In the 90s of last century, it was a dominant player in industrial control, production enterprises, and securities system local area networks.
- Netware systems provide consistent services for different working platforms (such as D0S, 0S/2, Macintosh, etc.), different network protocol environments such as TCP/IP, and various workstation operating systems.
Windows series
- Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft) develops a user-friendly and easy-to-use network operating system.
- It not only has an absolute advantage in personal operating systems, but also has a very strong power in network operating systems.
- Windows network operating system is the most common in small and medium-sized LAN configurations, but because it has high hardware requirements for servers, it is generally used in low-end servers.