Doubly landlocked country : Refers to a country where the country is landlocked and all its surrounding neighbors are also landlocked.
There are now only two doubly landlocked countries in the world, the Principality of Liechtenstein, sandwiched between Switzerland and Austria, and the Republic of Uzbekistan in Central Asia.
geographical location
The Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi, English: Republic of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan), abbreviated as Uzbekistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia with no access to the sea for itself or its five neighboring countries. It borders Kazakhstan to the north and northeast, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east and southeast, Turkmenistan to the west and Afghanistan to the south.
The country has a land area of 448,900 square kilometers and has a continental climate with severe drought.
History
In the 9th-11th centuries AD, the Uzbek nation was formed.
It was conquered by the Mongols in the 13th century.
In the middle of the 14th century, a huge empire with Samarkand as its capital was established.
In the 16th and 18th centuries, the Bukhara Khanate, Khiva Khanate and Kokand Khanate were established.
In the 60s of the 19th century, it was annexed by the Russian Empire.
In 1924, the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was established and joined the Soviet Union, becoming one of the Soviet republics.
Independence was declared on 31 August 1991.
national flag
It is a horizontal rectangle with a ratio of length to width of 2:1. From top to bottom, the flag consists of light blue, white and light green stripes with two red edges. The light blue stripe has a curved white crescent moon and twelve white stars (three rows, arranged in 3, 4, and 5 per row).
Blue is the color of the Turks and the color of the Timurid banner: blue also symbolizes eternal sky, pure water.
White symbolizes the prayer for peace, peace when going out, and the purifying struggle of thought and action.
Green is the color of nature, new life, and the color of Islam.
The red trim symbolizes vigorous vitality and connects good thoughts, eternal firmament, and acts on earth. The crescent moon symbolizes the new republic.
The 12 stars symbolize the 12 months of the year and the zodiac, symbolizing self-improvement.
The capital - Tashkent
Tashkent means stone town in Uzbek and has a history of 2,500 years.
It is located in the eastern part of Uzbekistan, west of the Chatkar Mountains, in the oasis of the Chirkzyk River Valley, a tributary of the right bank of the Syr Darya River.
Tashkent was one of the important commercial hubs on the ancient "Silk Road", through which the famous "Silk Road" passed. Zhang Qian, Fa Xian, and Xuanzang in ancient times on the mainland all left footprints.
It has a temperate continental climate with mild winters and hot summers, sparse precipitation and abundant sunshine. It is known as "Sun City".
Main parameters
economy
Uzbekistan is the world's 6th largest cotton producer, 2nd largest cotton exporter, and the world's 7th largest gold producer.
It is the most economically powerful country in the CIS, second in economic strength to Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan.
The pillar industries of the national economy are the "four golds": gold, "white gold" (cotton), "black gold" (oil), and "blue gold" (natural gas).
In 2022, Uzbekistan's GDP was $80.4 billion, a year-on-year increase of 5.7%, per capita GDP was about $2,254, and inflation was 12.2%.
Human Development Index (HDI)
In 2020, it was 0.72, ranking 106, and in 2021, it was 0.727, ranking 101, which is a high-level development.
Diplomatic relations with China
China and Ukraine established diplomatic relations on January 2, 1992;
It was upgraded to a strategic partnership in August 2014.