#历史开讲 #
The Spring Festival movie "Manjiang Hong" once again sent Yue Fei, Qin Hui and Song Gaozong to the cusp of public opinion.
Yue Fei was a famous anti-gold general in the Song Dynasty, and there have never been many history, stories, and legends about him.
Almost everyone knows: Yue Fei's back is tattooed with the words "loyal to the country"; Yue Fei's long-cherished wish in his life was to expedition to the Jin Kingdom and welcome back Emperor Hui Qin; In the end, Yue Fei was framed by Qin Hui and died unjustly.
However, as time passed, both in the historian and among the people, some people questioned Yue Fei. What to question?
One is to question Yue Fei's ability, he is too capable of fighting, it sounds a little unreal;
The second is to question Yue Fei's morality, his private virtues can hardly be faulted, making it difficult to believe;
The third is to question Yue Fei's emotional intelligence, which has a long history, and the problem mainly focuses on his relationship with Song Gaozong.
So, what kind of person is Yue Fei? Should we believe the legends of the past, or should we question them later?
How capable is Yue Fei really capable of fighting?
As a general who started from the bottom, Yue Fei's individual combat ability was extremely strong.
He learned archery from an early age with his teacher. According to the "History of Song", Yue Fei was: "Uncrowned, three hundred catties with a bow, and eight stones with a crossbow." "What is this concept?
The History of Song was revised by the Yuan dynasty, who used Han units of measurement. Therefore, this "three hundred catties" is roughly equivalent to the current seventy or eighty catties. A half-sized son who is not yet an adult, who can open a bow of eighty pounds, is indeed already considered a natural divine power.
In addition to being able to open a hard bow, Yue Fei also has a specialty: he can open a bow left and right. Although in romance novels, opening bows left and right is almost the standard for all generals. But in real history, not many people can do this.
According to the "Eguo Jintuo Continuation Compilation", Yue Fei's martial arts in his youth were "invincible in one county" and "strange in the times". After joining the army, he has experienced some actual combat polishing, and his personal martial arts have become more refined and practical.
First of all, Yue Fei's arrow technique is very accurate, and he can be regarded as a sniper in the era of cold weapons.
At the age of 22, Yue Fei once hit the head of the bandit leader (Zhang Chao) with an arrow in battle! As the saying goes, "shoot the man first and shoot the horse, and capture the thief first the king", after the bandit leader was shot, the remaining bandits immediately turned into a rabble. Things like this had happened many times in Yue Fei's life.
Secondly, Yue Fei was very proficient in knife and marksmanship, especially marksmanship. Because of this, in the romance novels about Yue Fei, he mostly wields a long gun.
In the end, even with his bare hands, Yue Fei's combat power was equally not to be underestimated. At the age of twenty-four, Yue Fei went deep into the thieves' den with four entourage to recruit An.
At that time, the two sides did not negotiate, and the thieves suddenly burst out and wanted to sneak up on Yue Fei. As a result, Yue Fei swung a punch and hit the other party's façade, directly knocking the man stunned and subdued!
Of course, although Yue Fei can kill the enemy general with one arrow and take the first rank of general in a million army, but really on the battlefield, in the face of thousands of enemy troops, the strength of one person is always not enough. If Yue Fei wanted to win the battle, he also needed to rely on a reliable force, the Yue Family Army.
Ever heard of the Backlash Army?
Friends who have read the previous Qi Jiguang chapter should remember that the Qi Family Army is a private elite force of about 3,000 people. So, is this the case with Yue Jiajun? Not.
Yue Jiajun is actually more similar to the name of a group, under which there are many different franchised partners. In addition to Yue Fei himself and his generals, there were many other troops in the Yue family's army.
For example, Dong Xian's white army, Li Dao's Xuanfeng army, Zhao Bingyuan's victorious army, Li Shan's broken enemy army, Yao Zheng's You Yi army, and so on. At its peak, the Yue Family Army had more than 100,000 people in total.
So, are these 100,000 Yue Family Troops all elite troops? Obviously, it can't be. Of these 100,000 people, only more than 10,000 are the elite of the elite, and their names are "Backbone Army".
What does "back" mean? This character "嵬" originally means the appearance of a tall mountain. For example, in the Book of Poetry, there is "Xi Xi Gu Feng, Weishan Cui Wei; No grass does not die, no wood does not wither" such verses. Therefore, some people think that it is describing the tall and brave soldiers of this army.
In addition, some people believe that the original meaning of "嵬" refers to wine bottles. To carry a wine bottle is to carry a wine bottle. The person who can carry the bottle to the general is the general's cronies. In other words, the meaning of the betrayal army is "trusted troops".
We can see how names are interpreted. But the combat effectiveness of this unit is unquestionable.
Even if he asked Li Yunlong to fight Yue Jiajun, he had to say: Laozi is fighting the Backlash Army!
In the Backbone Army, there were about 8,000 cavalry and 10,000 infantry. Each and every one of them must be carefully selected and selected at every level. Not only that, but the Back-to-Song Army is also equipped with a last-place elimination system, and once your combat ability has declined, you can only leave this glorious collective and delegate to ordinary troops.
Of course, the soldiers are also laymen. They do not want to be eliminated, not only for honor, but also for treatment.
First of all, the combat equipment equipped by the Back-to-Song Army is all first-class. For example, war horses, the Southern Song cavalry is weak, largely because the south cannot raise excellent war horses.
In order to solve this problem, Yue Fei on the one hand had to capture high-quality war horses from the enemy army, and on the other hand, he also took out his own Yulu and crossed the dangerous land to buy war horses in other parts of the north.
These war horses, without a doubt, are only qualified to be equipped with the back-to-back army.
Secondly, the bonuses received by the soldiers of the Backbone Army are also very generous. Usually the general rewards one wave, the marshal rewards one wave, and the emperor rewards another wave.
And the reason why they can receive so many rewards is also because the army can afford it. Their weekday drills are far more arduous than in other units. In the face of different combat situations, they all have different combat formations.
For example, when fighting against enemy cavalry, the back-to-back army usually comes with a wave of bow and arrow shooting, then a wave of crossbow and arrow shooting, and finally a short encounter. It really achieves "step riding synergy".
It is no exaggeration to say that with this army, the Southern Song Dynasty finally had a cavalry unit that could compete with the Jin army. Prior to this, the Song army, which was dominated by infantry, had always fallen behind when there was no danger to defend.
We know that in Yue Fei's life, almost every battle is won with less. For example, the battle of Nanxunmen, two thousand broke tens of thousands (Yue Fei's self-report version); The battle of Haocheng, 30,000 troops defeated the Jin army 80,000 and so on. To be able to fight these beautiful battles, it is natural that the support of elite troops is indispensable.
Of course, in addition to these hard powers, there was another important reason why Yue Fei was able to fight such a victory. As the saying goes: "Soldiers, tricks." "Yue Fei is very good at using tricks.
There are so many such deeds that we will not list them all here. It can only be said that those who question Yue Fei's IQ are that he himself does not understand the battlefield, does not understand human nature, and does not understand Yue Fei.
It is said that Yue Fei is foolish, is he stupid?
It is often said that Yue Fei always said that he would welcome back the two saints, and Emperor Gaozong of Song was certainly not happy when he heard it. Yue Fei proposed such a Northern Expedition slogan, it was really stupid.
It is also often said: Yue Fei is really foolish! The emperor told him to withdraw his troops, and he really withdrew his troops; If the emperor wants to relieve him of his military power, he really let go; When the emperor wanted to arrest him for investigation, he tied his hands. He clearly mastered all the elite soldiers of the Southern Song Dynasty, why didn't he support the army and stand on his own?
Let's analyze the first question first. It's normal to have that kind of argument. After all, in the eyes of most people, there are no two masters in the sky, and Emperor Gaozong of Song definitely does not want to welcome other emperors back.
But in fact, with the situation of the Great Song Dynasty at that time, even if the second emperor Hui Qin returned, they could not shake the status of Emperor Gaozong of Song.
The first is Song Huizong, who made many mistakes when he was in power, which led to great confusion among the people and a disillusionment of the army. In other words, he couldn't suppress the field, so he abdicated. In addition, after Song Qinzong came to the throne, a group of favored courtiers under Song Huizong have been eradicated. Therefore, even if Emperor Huizong himself wanted to return to power, it would be impossible. Because he has long lost his foundation.
And Song Qinzong, the same is true. On the one hand, it was his ruling mistakes that directly led to Jingkang's shame, and he was already discredited; On the other hand, he had not been emperor for a long time, and his foundation was unstable. Therefore, even if Qin Zong returns and wants to seize power, he does not have this ability.
All in all, at this time, Emperor Gaozong of Song had no need to worry that Emperor Huizong Qinzong would threaten him. Emperor Gaozong of Song knew very well that the so-called "welcoming back Emperor Hui Qin" was just a slogan against the Jin Dynasty. He did not agree with the Northern Expedition, which was not the root cause.
Let's talk about the second question: what Emperor Gaozong of Song asked Yue Fei to do, he will do. Is he stupid? Is it foolishness?
First of all, it was impossible for Yue Fei not to understand the art of power.
Since he was a child, he liked and read two books: "Zuo's Spring and Autumn" and "Sun Tzu's Art of War". Among them, "Zuo's Spring and Autumn" writes about the power disputes between and within countries during the Spring and Autumn period. For example, the classic "Zheng Boke Duan Yuyan", friends who have seen "The Legend of Zhen Huan" must have heard of it, it is from "Zuo's Spring and Autumn".
And another book, "Sun Tzu's Art of War", has written all the ways of using troops from all aspects such as combat, military posture, military struggle, and use of space. From Yue Fei's many battles, we can also see that he did not die and read. He can skillfully apply all kinds of tactics to win one headwind battle after another.
Therefore, Yue Fei's behaviors that were "stupid" in the eyes of posterity were definitely not because Yue Fei was really stupid. Every move he makes has an intrinsic reason.
For example, why did the emperor want to relieve Yue Fei of his military power, and Yue Fei let go without saying a word? This is actually largely because it was not uncommon in the Song Dynasty.
As mentioned in history textbooks, the Song Dynasty would mobilize generals very frequently to achieve the effect of "soldiers do not know generals, and generals do not know soldiers". Obviously, the reason why they want to do this is to limit the power of the military generals and guard against the military generals' self-respect.
Let's look at Yue Fei at this time, the troops under him are widely known as the "Yue Family Army", and even the Jin people are chanting "Shake the mountains easily, shake the Yue Family Army is difficult". How could Emperor Gaozong of Song not be alert?
On the other side, the generals of the Song Dynasty have been suppressed for more than a hundred years and are used to all this. Therefore, when Emperor Gaozong of Song ordered the dismissal of military power, it was normal for Yue Fei to hand over power. Because the imperial court is to change back and forth often, and it will change back after about two years.
At the same time, Yue Fei also knew in his heart that as long as the enemy was still there, then the imperial court would still have a day to use him, and sooner or later he would be transferred back. Similarly, when the imperial court came to capture Yue Fei, he thought about it: I am still useful, and the imperial court will not really treat me well.
In addition, Yue Fei did not resist the arrest and investigation, in fact, there was another confidence, that is: his foundation was too clean, and he was not afraid to investigate.
Yue Fei's pursuit: perfect morality + value realization
Whether in the official history or in the wild history, Yue Fei is a person who is impeccable in morality. After he was imprisoned, even if he was thoroughly investigated and tortured, he was not caught in any way. If you want to cure him, you must frame him.
However, in the face of such an innocent loyal general, anyone with a conscience could not bear to frame him. There was even more than one person who lost his official position because he was unwilling to frame Yue Fei.
For example, at that time, Dali Temple Secretary was afraid, and he resolutely refused to torture Yue Fei, let alone frame Yue Fei. For this reason, he soon resigned from his official position, and the history books record that he "left without knowing what to do."
Another example is Qin Hui's cronie He Zhu, in theory, he should firmly stand on Qin Hui's side. However, in the process of investigation and interrogation, he was really moved by Yue Fei. He finally chose to report to Qin Hui - Yue Fei was wronged, and even tried to spare Yue Fei the death penalty.
However, his efforts were all in vain. He Zhu himself was demoted to Huizhou because of his opposition to the peace.
For Yue Fei's admiration and admiration, the officials were already like this, and the people were only even worse. For example, when Yue Fei received twelve gold medals and was about to withdraw his troops, the common people came to block him, and even many people said that they wanted to go with him.
And Yue Fei really held out for five more days for this, covering the transfer of the people; As for the people who followed him, Yue Fei also asked the emperor for instructions and helped them settle down in the south.
It can be seen that between Yue Fei and the people, it is not a single arrow, but a two-way rush.
In Song Gaozong's view, all this is too dangerous: as a general, you can fight a good battle, why should you buy people's hearts? What heart do you have in peace? But in fact, Yue Fei did these things just to practice his life creed.
There is such a record in the "History of Song": "Zhang Jun tried the art of using soldiers, saying: 'Benevolence, wisdom, faith, courage, and strictness, are indispensable. In other words, in Yue Fei's heart, "ren" always comes first.
Even the root of his "strictness" in governing the army lies in "benevolence" to the people. For example, a soldier took a bundle of rope from the common people and immediately had to pull it and cut it down; Some generals dare to rob the people's daughters, but they still have to be pulled out and beheaded. It was under this guiding ideology that Yue Fei forged the Yue family army of "freezing to death without demolishing houses, starving to death without plundering".
Yue Fei's "benevolence" is not limited to the people. As the commander of the three armed forces, he also cares about ordinary soldiers. Yue Fei personally fed soup to the wounded and distributed his own money to the martyr's bereaved family; Even Yue Fei's wife also offered condolences to the soldiers.
All in all, it was precisely because Yue Fei practiced these concepts that he gained the love of the people and the loyalty of the soldiers, and at the same time improved the combat effectiveness of the Yue Family Army and recovered countless lost lands.
However, all that Yue Fei had was what Song Gaozong feared the most. The Song emperor's fear of the self-respect of military generals was almost engraved in his DNA.
Jin Ren's sentence "will kill Yue Fei, and then make peace", not only affirmed Yue Fei's combat effectiveness, but also gave Song Gaozong a reasonable excuse to eradicate Yue Fei. With these words, Song Gaozong and Qin Hui could kill Yue Fei with filthy means, and said to the others: We are all doing this for peace!
Perhaps, there are really people who will be deceived by them and forget about this so-called peace, how many families in the Central Plains have been torn apart, how many people have been displaced, and how many people of the Great Song Dynasty have become slaves of the country.
It can only be said that the emperor at that time, Emperor Gaozong of Song, he never understood Yue Fei; And in that chaotic era of Chongwen suppressing martial arts, it cast Yue Fei and buried Yue Fei.
Yue Fei's constellation file - Pisces Aries
He is a natural soldier with explosive force, and he is also a natural general who is good at making "tricks".
His invincibility makes the enemy fearful; His benevolent man loves others and makes the people revere and love.
He is well aware of the principle of "doing things and being a person first", and also practices the principle of "knowing the world, not the world".
He set firm ideals early on, and he can spare no effort to implement them.
He demanded of himself with the highest moral principles and was willing to do so.
It's just a pity that he was born at an opportune time.
Someone is destroyed by the weak, but he is destroyed by the sublime.
Perhaps, it was not some villain who buried him; It was that era, and he was not worthy of him at all.
This is Yue Fei, born on March 24, 1103, Pisces Aries.
Tips: Actually, you can compare Yue Fei with another Pisces white sheep we talked about before, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin. These two do have many similarities, and even Yue Fei is still an enhanced version. Therefore, the author privately thinks that from Zhao Shu's standpoint, it is very reasonable for him to be wary of Yue Fei in his heart. After all, Grandpa Yue was a little too similar to his ancestor.