Establishment, which means a stable job in the government department. Countless people hope to take the entrance examination, that is, to work in the government department and have security. Therefore, this is also known as the iron rice bowl by the world.
So during the Qing Dynasty, how many official establishments would there be in a county?
Qing dynasty county-level official
Due to the different actual conditions, the official establishment arrangements and the number of official establishments in each county in the Qing Dynasty were naturally different.
The county seat at the foot of the Son of Heaven and the county seat located in a remote mountain village are also destined to be two different situations. Therefore, before understanding the relevant issues, we can first clarify the division of specific counties in the dynasty.
From far and near, let's start with the mountain village farthest from the political center. In the Qing Dynasty, the number of these counties was huge, but the number of official establishments was very rare. Without him, there would not be so many "civil servants" at all.
When the people have gone to become officials, who will go home to farm? This is also a great burden on government expenditure.
Because of this, when Feng Yunshan preached in Bauhinia Mountain, the corresponding county town could not detect it in time. When there were not enough people, no one was willing to go deep in the mountains to "observe the people's feelings", which also laid the foundation for the Taiping Rebellion that Feng Yunshan later participated in initiating.
Secondly, the counties located in some important transportation hub locations, the number of such counties exceeds the number of remote counties, and it is basically not much different from the county towns at the foot of the Son of Heaven.
Compared with the other two counties, their most special place is the existence of the chief of the eight flags. The Qing army was divided into a green battalion and eight banners, and the fact that eight flags could be stationed was enough to show the importance of the county.
At that time, the total number of Eight Banner soldiers in each county town of the Qing army was concerned, often no more than 100 people. No one knows what role these 100 Eight-Banner soldiers can play in a real rebellion.
Finally, there is the county town at the foot of the Son of Heaven, and the number of personnel often does not change much. However, whether it is the Qing Dynasty or modern times, in fact, the simplest truth is that the closer to the center of political power, the greater the actual official power.
Assuming that the two of them are both Zhengqipinzhi County officials, then the Zhengqipinzhi officials in the mountains also have to respectfully call an adult when they see the Zhengqipinzhi officials at the feet of the Son of Heaven.
County configuration
Among the above three types of counties, the most representative is the county seat located on the traffic artery, and the main establishment in this type of county can be divided into three categories.
One is the county clerk, the edict, the instruction, the chief bookkeeper, the inspector, etc., these officials are recognized by the imperial court and paid on time every month.
When the positions of various officials in the prefectural order change, they are also selected from these people. Assuming that the prefectural order is promoted to prefect, the edict, the precepts, the chief bookkeepers, etc., can compete.
Of course, the prefect can also arrange it directly, and with the prefect's personal recommendation, it is much better than talent.
This part of the people in the county to do things, often do not move their hands, only need to order things down, naturally someone will be busy for them.
And this is the second type of establishment, which includes official officials, servants, gate officials, river park officials, monastic associations, and Taoist associations.
Officials and servants often see that they will appear in almost every costume film and television work related to the official government. But the latter several, but not many people know.
In fact, the subsequent types of officials are between "fictitious positions" and "real positions", and when there is no flood around a county town, they cannot forcibly arrange river park officials.
The people around a certain county are more Taoist, and they can't arrange a monk's meeting to come over. It is necessary to consider both reality and human feelings, which is the basic policy of all second-category officials.
Compared with a type of establishment, they will have much less to say, and they are not an iron rice bowl. If the county master is upset, he will have to leave his post and go home.
But what kind of officials are there besides these two types of officials? With the cooperation of these two types of officials, can they still not govern the county well?
In fact, the third type of establishment in the county is only a name, and does not have any real power. The reason for the establishment of such official posts is entirely the official position set aside by the government for some landlords to "donate".
After spending money to buy these official positions, it is much more convenient to have a good relationship with the Qing Dynasty county officials, county orders, etc., and what to do in the future.
Although it was an ignorant and backward feudal era, human feelings were not affected in any way.
However, in terms of the average development of most counties before, during and late Qing Dynasty, it finally reached the point of becoming more and more absurd.
On the one hand, the rule of the central government of the Qing Dynasty was itself very stupid. In the case of only caring about the rule of the Son of Heaven and ignoring the feelings of the people, the central government has less and less control over the localities; Local constraints on ordinary people are also becoming weaker.
On the other hand, it is a large-scale buying and selling of officials, so that the county-level administrative system of the Qing Dynasty directly fell into paralysis and festering, how can such a dynasty not go to extinction?