Arachnida—suborder Neoarachnidae (middle): mimic spiders
8. Oxopodaceae
Oonopidae includes 487 species in 72 genera. Worldwide distribution, mostly tropical. It inhabits deciduous layers and rocks, sometimes in the canopy of tropical rainforests.
Body length 2.5 mm, six eyes, body back brown, abdomen ovate dense gray-white short hairs, cephalothorax and abdominal peduncle, each foot light brown, short leg segments, the first three steps of the foot curved when resting, thin pointed below the tibia. This genus is all small, wandering, and 3 species of 3 genera are known in Taiwan, which are mite spiders, armored spiders, Sodd's tick spiders,
Egg spider (female), 6 eyes arranged in 2 rows, 2 in the front row, 4 larger in the back row, similar in size to the posterior middle eye and the side eye, slightly elliptical side eye, arrow above pointing to a single eye, due to double flash irradiation, each single eye has 2 light spots.
Egg spider (female) with a peduncle between the cephalothorax and abdomen. Cephalothorax black-brown or brown, spotless, narrow head, wider middle and posterior end, neck between abdomen, abdomen ovate, pointed end, brown or light brown, belly back with gray-white short hairs, each step foot light brown or transparent, the longest hind foot, commonly inhabited in simple silk nests with leaf knots, for migratory spiders, groups often appear in the same environment, local areas are numerous.
9. Stone spiders
Segestriidae (scientific name: Segestriidae), webs form silk tubes without valves. The family includes 106 species in 3 genera, representing the species of the walled spider.
10. Bulbous spiders
Bumphead, medium-sized spider. The dorsal armor is broad and rounded and raised in front of the dorsal armor. 8 eyes, homotype, black, located on the anterior edge and sides of the head, arranged in three rows, arranged in 2-4-2 or 4-2-2. The foot is stout and has 3 claws. The tarsal joint has serrated hairs. Live in ground seclusion or in clusters.
11. Arachnidae
(1) Sack's warthophyllum spider
The five species of this genus are all similar in appearance, the abdomen of this species is oval, and the tail wart is the longer of the approximate species.
(1) Morphological characteristics
Small to medium-sized, brown to dark brown, head and thorax rounded, central with a longitudinal stripe, surrounded by black-brown wavy patterns, abdomen oval, slightly the same width before and after, black brown motley broad longitudinal spots on the back, 2 slender tail hairs, longer female antennae, male antennae swollen at the end.
(2) Population distribution
It is distributed in low-altitude mountainous areas, likes to perch on tree poles, and has good protective color.
(2) Taiwan warthora spider
Taiwan warthoracy spider, body length 5mm, body color yellow-brown to yellow-white, head width greater than the base of the abdomen, dorsal plate of the cephalothorax densely covered yellow-white short hairs, near the periphery with 2 arc-like black-brown markings, connected at the end, abdomen nearly pear-shaped, narrow anterior and posterior, narrowed at the end, a dark gray-brown longitudinal band in the center of the base but not connected to the ventral end, a black-brown spot on the left and right of the lower end, black-brown wavy markings on the anterior half of the abdomen, dentate pointed processes on the medial side, and brown, yellow-white markings on each foot and tail hair. This species is distributed in middle and high altitude mountainous areas, and the spotted characteristics are similar to that of alpine warty spiders, which are not easy to distinguish.
(3) Alpine warthora spider
Alpine warthora spiders, arthropods, are rare species, and species are not easy to identify.
Body length 3.5-5mm, body color light brown to gray-green, body slightly flattened, abdomen wider than head and thorax, with a pair of slender tail processes, compared with similar species, the abdomen of this species is widest around the third pair of tendon points, the second pair of tendon points are larger, each tendon point is round or oval, the body size is on average smaller than that of Asian wart spiders, the body color is lighter, the ends of the tentacles of male spiders are black-brown swollen, and the penultimate segment does not have swelling and spines.
(4) Asian warthora spider
Asian warthora (scientific name: Hersilia asiatica), body length 5-8mm, flat body, abdomen ovate, narrower above, posterior silk warts extend backward as slender tail hairs, body surface with bark markings, markings and body color will change with the environment, very protective color, living in low and middle altitude mountains, commonly perched on tree trunks, sometimes also appear on walls.
(1) Appearance characteristics
Males are small in size and have enlarged antennae ends. Body length 5-8mm, body flat, abdomen ovate, narrower above, posterior silk warts extending posteriorly as slender tail hairs, body surface with bark markings, Asian warthora eyes 4 in shape, 2 on the left and right of the back column, small eyes, male tentacles are enlarged and spiny.
(2) Life habits
Asian warthora spider, living in low- and mid-altitude mountains, commonly inhabits tree trunks, sometimes appears on walls, body color changes greatly, from yellow, green to black purple, is a common spider, markings and body color will change with the environment, very protective color.
12. Arachnidae
Oecobius sp., body length 2.2-2.3mm, head and thorax round dense white hair, surrounded by 2 linear rings, each eye is long on the back, abdomen ovate, dark gray-brown, the center and left and right have 3-4 inconspicuous white spots arranged longitudinally, each foot is thick and long, transparent, there are black rings between the nodes, and the leg segments have sparse black spots.
Taiwan Angstroma (scientific name: Oecobius formosensis), there is a black longitudinal spot on the cephalothorax dorsal plate and abdomen, ring-footed spider head and chest dorsal plate has an inverted V-shaped black spot, the scientific name of this species is unknown, distributed in the flat land to the coastal area, perched in the corner of the wall, build a thin curtain-like net to hide below, if there are small insects or ants passing by, quickly climb out and drag close to the nest, head and chest are slightly flat, eyes are long on the back flat against the wall to observe the surrounding movement, habits are alert, have seen a large mosquito that intrudes into the territory, It is impressive to see its rapid exit and return to the nest , but unfortunately it has not been successfully hunted, and the female will lay eggs wrapped in thin silk into an oocyst and placed in a hole in the stone wall.
13. Mimic arachnidae
Mimetidae is a family of spiders. Also known as pirate spiders, spider hunting spiders. Includes 152 species in 12 genera. Worldwide distribution. The type genus of this family is Mimetus.
(1) Characteristics
The first step is a series of sharp stinging hairs. No nesting, no nets. Move slowly on low plants or in deciduous layers. It feeds on other species of spiders.
(2) Genus Bulbophyllus
Ero is a genus of arachnidae in the family Cerambycidae.
(1) Mysterious belly spider
Ero aphana is a genus of spiders in the family Eridae. It is distributed in Europe and Xinjiang in Chinese mainland, and mostly lives in grass. The type locality of this species is in Europe.
(2) Tubular spider
Ero tuberculata is a genus of arachnids in the family Osambyidae. It is distributed in Europe and Jilin and other places in Chinese mainland. The type locality of this species is in Europe.
(3) Mimic spider genus
Mimetus is a genus of mimic spiders in the family Mimetidae.
(1) Chinese mimicry spider
The Chinese mimicry spider (scientific name: Mimetus sinicus) is a species of mimic spider in the family Mimic Arachnidae. In Chinese mainland, it is distributed in Hubei and other places. The type locality of this species is in Hubei. The additive word "Sinicus" means "Chinese".
(2) Bulbous mimicry spider
Mimetus testaceus is a genus of mimicry spiders in the family Mimic arachnidae. It is distributed in Japan, North Korea and Chinese mainland Zhejiang, Hunan, Guangzhou, Guizhou and other places, mostly inhabiting the webs of funnel spiders and turnip spiders. The type locality of this species is in Japan.
14. Ghostface arachnidae
Deinopidae is a family of spiders belonging to the class of warts, usually nocturnal.
(1) Characteristics
Spiders of the Ghostface family usually have slender bodies , but most notably they hang their webs on their feet ( mainly the first pair ) rather than on the substrate of the habitat , as other spiders do. When a prey approaches, the ghost-faced spider will extend its steps to bring the webs close to the prey, usually for several elongation movements, and eventually entangle the prey in the spider's web. Because of this unique way of forming webs and predation, the ghost-faced spider family is also commonly known as "net-casting spider".
The family has a particularly developed posterior middle eye that provides good visual function during nocturnal activity , while the other six eyes are relatively small , often mistaken for only two eyes.
Deinopis in the family Deinopis is the most notable group, and they have been described as "ogre-faced" because of their terrifying appearance, hence the translation of "ghostface".
Spiders of the family Spectreaceae are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
(2) Two-horned ghost-faced spider
Deinopis bicornis is an arthropod in the arachnidae family.
Males are 4-5 mm long, body linear, slender, posterior middle eye larger, other six eyes small, head and thorax dark brown, wider than abdomen, slightly triangular, protruding near anterior edge, left and right lateral margins light grey-brown, arcually rounded, abdomen dendritic, anteroposterior and about equal width, central near base with dark brown longitudinal stripes, posterior half with several inconspicuous stripes, each foot slender, steps 1-2 foot is the longest, leg segments thick and straight, female spider abdomen is fatter, central wider than anterior and posterior end, light yellowish brown, lateral margin with brown longitudinal stripes. This species is classified in the ghost-faced spider family Deinopidae, a rare family, mainly distributed in the eastern and southern mountains, accustomed to hanging upside down on the branches and leaves, will open a small web in the first three pairs of footsteps, and catch it by throwing a net when encountering prey, haunted at night, mysterious habits, not easy to see.
15. Dark arachnidae
Amaurobiidae is a family of spiders. It has 643 species divided into 71 genera. About 10 species in 1 genus are known on the mainland.
Spiders in this family range in size from a few millimeters to 20 millimeters. Their ecological behavior and lifestyle are also very diverse. Their favorite climatic conditions seem to be in caves or under rocks.
Among them, the most diverse and widespread is the genus Dark Arachnids, which are especially abundant in Australia. Among them, Amaurobius socialis is a social spider. On the roof of the cave, they can weave a web of cloth six or seven meters long. Callobius is the largest genus in the family, with female spiders up to 20 mm tall.
(1) Characteristics
The body of the family Dark Arachnidae is medium-sized, about 4–8 mm long. The 8 eyes are arranged in two horizontal rows. The body size is similar to that of a funnel spider. Walking feet are relatively short. The ventral surface of the abdomen has a sieve at the front end of the spinner, which is slightly narrower than the spinning apparatus and is divided in the middle. Spinners are shorter than funnel spiders. The posterior tarsal segment of the 4th foot has a row of ctenophores on the back. Usually living in a humid place near the ground, a generation occurs every year, with relatively high environmental requirements, and generally matures in winter and spring. During the mature period, they live together in groups.
(2) Distribution
It is mainly found in Asia, especially the warm regions of China, Australia, New Zealand, Oceania, South America, Central America, North America, Africa, and Southern Europe, Eastern Europe and Russia.
16. Proximal tubular arachnidae
Anyphaonidae (scientific name: Anyphaonidae), comprising 24 species in 2 genera. The abdominal stomata is located below the groove of the abdominal wall.
(1) Morphological characteristics
The female spider has a yellow-orange dorsal armor, and there are black-brown margin lines on both sides when alive, and the margin lines disappear after immersion in alcohol. The middle fossa is red and has a short longitudinal fossa. The collar lobe and lower lip are also yellowish-orange , but slightly reddish. The abdomen is yellowish-white, and there is a dark brown longitudinal stripe on each side of the dorsal surface of the living body, but some individual longitudinal stripes are intermittent and self-severed to form a point; A few individuals do not see markings. Males are 4 to 5.00 mm long. The body shape and color resemble that of a female spider.
(2) Shenzhen near-tube spider
Shenzhen near-tube spider (scientific name: Anyphaena shenzhen), currently only distributed in Guangdong and Hainan provinces in China, is endemic to China. In Shenzhen, it is found in valleys with better forest environment such as Balcony Mountain, Maluan Mountain, and Wutong Mountain.
(1) Morphological characteristics
Shenzhen near-tube spider body length 5~8mm, like most spiders, males will be smaller than females; The body color is mainly brown, and the whole body is scattered with black markings; The footsteps are brown, long and spiny.
(2) Life habits
The larvae nest between two leaves or at the bend of the same leaf, hiding inside during the day and hunting at night. It also leaves a small hole at one end of the nest through which it can escape when disturbed. The Shenzhen near-tube spider is a safari spider that preys on a variety of small insects that are also active on the surface of leaf branches.
(3) Habitat environment
The Shenzhen near-tube spider inhabits medium-high vegetation in valleys, and you can find it roughly at the height of the chest to the top of the head.
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