#历史开讲 #
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It is said that women giving birth is a trip to the ghost gate, especially in ancient times, when the sanitary conditions were backward and the medical level was not developed. According to records, 1 in 50 pregnant women died in childbirth in ancient times. This, coupled with the lack of contraception and the need to have children all the time, greatly increased the mortality rate of pregnant women in ancient times.
Even today, women must be well prepared for a smooth birth, and ensuring good health and strength is the first priority. In this way, childbirth should have been easy for the strong Xiongnu women of ancient times. But in fact, during the reign of Emperor Wudi of Han, Xiongnu women were the most prone to miscarriage, and they were concentrated in the spring, which is puzzling.
What connects the miscarriage of the Xiongnu woman with Emperor Wudi of Han and Chun?
"Whoever offends my great man, though far away, will be cursed"
From the perspective of Chinese history, the northern Xiongnu have always been a thorn in the heart of the ruler. There is a lot of work between advances and retreats, and there is never a moment of peace.
And a small barbarian tribe can develop to influence the rule of successive dynasties, because he plagiarized the barbaric grassland people. The Xiongnu were mostly made up of Mongolian nomads. The special geographical location of the vast territory has created their living habits of horseback animal husbandry, drinking milk and eating meat.
Nourished by milk and meat, the steppe people were tall, fat and strong. With a strong physique, their favorite things to do are riding and wrestling, both women and children. In the tempering again and again, he has trained a good skill, with one being ten, and his strength is as great as an ox. Such a strong man from the steppe formed a troop, which really gave the rulers of the Central Plains a headache.
In addition, the north is located in a remote and vast terrain, far from the political and economic center of the Central Plains. It was useless to expend troops to the Xiongnu, and it was quite difficult to manage. Therefore, before the Qin Dynasty, no monarch launched an attack on the Xiongnu. It provides them with space for development and fuels their arrogance.
During the Spring and Autumn Warring States, the neighboring Han Zhao and Yan kingdoms suffered greatly from them, and were often harassed by the Xiongnu. Although it cannot cause a big threat, "the king of Yan is good, and the little ghost is difficult", which is probably the truth.
It was not until the Qin Dynasty conquered the Six Kingdoms and achieved great unification that Qin Shi Huang vacated the space and appointed the dynasty general Meng Tian to attack the Xiongnu in the north. Although the Xiongnu had strong soldiers and horses, they were backward in education and had no city in their chests. Under the iron horse of Daqin, there was no way to fight back, and he was pressed all the way from Shaanxi to Inner Mongolia by Meng Tian. After repelling the Xiongnu, Meng Tian guarded the border pass for more than ten years, and the Xiongnu never dared to attack a step.
However, the Qin Dynasty only lasted for a short period of 14 years before it was overthrown by the rebel army. It was not until the Chu-Han Dispute and Liu Bang's victory that the Central Plains was unified again. In the midst of this war, it also gave the Xiongnu the opportunity to develop.
After the Han Emperor Liu Bang ascended the throne, the whole country was in ruins. Faced with the Xiongnu in the north, Liu Bang did not dare to fight with them, and could only adopt the method of peace and peace. It was only in the hands of Emperor Wudi of Han that the situation of the war with the Xiongnu changed.
After several generations of hard work, the Great Han River and Mountains were stable, the soldiers and horses had sufficient food and grass, and they already had the strength to fight with the Xiongnu. Coupled with the emergence of generals in the DPRK, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, a pair of uncles and nephews, used troops like gods and bravely crowned the whole army. So during the reign of Emperor Wudi of Han, the Xiongnu once again felt threatened from the Central Plains.
At that time, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing led their troops straight into Mobei and broke the Xiongnu army. Huo Qubing directly killed Wolf Juxu Mountain, which is today's Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, annihilating hundreds of thousands of Xiongnu troops, greatly dampening the Xiongnu's spirit, and having the merit of "sealing Wolf Juxu", and was in the limelight for a while.
The period of Emperor Wudi of Han took forty-four years from launching a counterattack against the Xiongnu to achieving the final victory, which lasted almost the entire reign of Emperor Wudi of Han. From then on, the Xiongnu no longer had the strength to harass the Central Plains. Therefore, most of the changes in the Xiongnu occurred during the reign of Emperor Wudi of Han. Then why did the war against the Xiongnu during the period of Emperor Wudi of Han cause the miscarriage of Xiongnu women?
When the two armies fight, it is the people who suffer the most. Especially the old and weak, women and children, even self-preservation is still a problem. During the war, the Hun women had to flee in a hurry, although their physique was stronger than that of ordinary women. However, during pregnancy, resistance declines, it is easy to have symptoms such as calcium deficiency and anemia, and the body is relatively fragile, and it is difficult to withstand the bumps and displacements caused by war.
The Xiongnu lost most battles in battles with the Han army, and they had to be busy avoiding the encirclement and suppression of the Han army, the trip was accelerated, and the probability of miscarriage of pregnant women was greatly increased in the bumps.
The counterattack against the Xiongnu during the reign of Emperor Wudi of Han was the direct cause of the miscarriage of Xiongnu women. Historical sources have recorded this incident, saying that during the reign of Emperor Wudi of Han, Xiongnu women were most likely to have abortions, but why were abortions most frequent in the spring in such a large-scale war?
Danger under vitality
Since the direct cause of the miscarriage of Xiongnu women was the war launched during the period of Emperor Wudi of Han, the special season of spring must also be inseparable from the war.
When the Han army fought against the Xiongnu, it did not blindly go up recklessly because the country was rich and strong. After all, the grassland desert has a wide area and the terrain is difficult to distinguish, which is not suitable for the long-term combat of the Central Plains army.
Moreover, the Xiongnu are nomads, and many college students from the steppe joke on the Internet that they will not find their own yurts when they go back. Because nomads do migrate with the seasons, it is not clear where they will stay. If the Han army leads its troops at will, it is likely to be empty and happy, resulting in a waste of soldiers and horses, food and grass.
In order to cope with this dilemma, the leaders of the Han army were good at summarizing, and in the battles with the Xiongnu again and again, they found that the spring offensive was the most efficient and the easiest period to win. After this speculation, the Han army made several attempts and found that it really complied with this law. From then on, the Han army chose to attack in the spring. According to statistics, of all the time of war with the Xiongnu, spring accounted for half and winter was the least.
The law was discovered, but for decades, the Xiongnu were not fools, didn't they know that the army of the Great Han would pick the spring time to come and attack? But it seems strange that for forty-four years they have not learned their lesson. Is there any reason why the Xiongnu have no way to change, and can only become the Han army in the spring? What is the real reason for this?
First of all, spring is a special season, teacher Zhao Zhongxiang once dubbed in "Animal World": Spring has arrived, everything is revived, and it is the season of animal mating. Although humans and animals cannot be compared, the law that spring stimulates the desire of organisms to reproduce is applicable in nature, even humans.
Just like there is a saying in human beings: "warm and full of lust", it describes the human instinct to interact with the opposite sex under the influence of the external environment and their own conditions.
In spring, the external climate warms, all things germinate with sufficient resources, and after a long harsh winter, human desires are suppressed for a long time, and they will usher in an outbreak in the vibrant spring. Therefore, every spring, it is also the time when the most pregnant women are among the Xiongnu. Of course, in addition to instinct, there was another thing that contributed to the Huns' choice to reproduce in the spring.
The grassland desert has a bitter cold winter and a harsh climate. Many of the weaker Huns may not survive the winter. As a result, after winter, the population of the steppe shrank significantly. In order to strengthen the tribe and ensure the strength to fight the Han army, the Xiongnu would also choose to give birth to the next generation in the spring. This decision was originally the good expectations of the Huns, but it brought them the scourge of killing.
The so-called "Chengye Xiao He defeated Xiao He", although the huge grassland provided the Xiongnu with herds of cattle and sheep and a robust physique, so that they had an absolute advantage in one-on-one battles, even the Central Plains also appreciated their sweat and blood, which can be described as difficult to find, but also buried hidden dangers for them.
The importance of cattle, horses and sheep to the nomadic Xiongnu is self-evident, and every spring the grass grows and warblers fly, which is a good time for animal husbandry. After a winter of starvation, the Xiongnu's cattle and horses were already hungry. At this time, the Huns spent a lot of time grazing cattle. Although the grassland is large and seemingly inexhaustible, not all forage is suitable for cattle and sheep. In order to find suitable forage, the Xiongnu often gathered in one place and jointly established pastures in suitable places.
As long as the Han army found out the doorway, it no longer had to bother to probe the traces of the Xiongnu, and stayed in a place with abundant water and grass to wait for the rabbit to try a hundred spirits. Coupled with the fact that there were too many pregnant women to take care of, the Xiongnu could not migrate frequently. In the face of the sudden attack of the Han army, the Xiongnu turned on their backs. Fell behind in the battle with the Han army. Combined with fear, Xiongnu women were often prone to miscarriage.
But even if they knew that such a situation had happened, the Xiongnu had no choice, cattle, horses and sheep were their lives, and they could not give up the expansion of the race, they could only survive in the cracks. In the end, he was driven out of the Central Plains by the Han army and fled back to the grassland to barely survive.
Although many rumors in history may sound unfounded and even a little unbelievable, a closer look reveals the truth. It sounds like a story now, but at that time, how lonely and helpless the Xiongnu women must be, not only facing the hardships of war, but also enduring the physical injuries caused by abortion.
Fortunately, China has achieved harmonious unification today, and the Xiongnu and Nanban in history are now close to the people of the Central Plains. There will never again be a tragic miscarriage of women due to the bumps of war, as in history. We people today should learn the lessons of history, cherish today's peace, and contribute to China's long-term peace and stability.