#历史开讲 #
"Three more lights and five more chickens, it is when men are studying", when clocks and watches have not yet been invented and popularized, smart Chinese rely on the mastery of the laws of nature to judge time, thereby determining the day's work and rest time.
The sunrise and the sunset have been the same since ancient times, although the concept of time was not accurate to a few o'clock at that time, but the rules of work and rest that have been cultivated have become a common thing.
Later, with the development of science and technology, people had a more accurate definition of time, according to different longitude, the world was divided into 24 time zones, each time zone span 15.
The vast territory of China spans five time zones, and people now rely on the time of the East 8th District, where Beijing is located, and their daily routines are slowly beginning to have a more precise time.
Although time has been calculated more precisely, not all people will get up and rest at the same time. Because everyone's work is different, the requirements are different, and everyone also has their own biological clock, some people go to bed early and get up early, some people go to bed late and get up late, no one can force uniform regulations.
However, since 1986, China has implemented "daylight saving time" for six years, that is, forcibly adjusting the time in summer, thereby changing people's work and rest patterns.
According to the calculations of experts at the time, the implementation of daylight saving time is equivalent to the power generation of 3 Three Gorges hydropower stations every year, but daylight saving time was canceled after 6 years.
Franklin's discovery
In addition to the rotation from west to east, the earth on which human beings live also revolves around the sun, and the earth's revolution is a year of human time.
According to the changes in the direct point of the sun on the surface of the earth, the sunshine time and temperature in the same area of the earth will also change dramatically, and people divide the year into spring, summer, autumn and winter according to this law.
China is located in the northern hemisphere, so the days are long in summer, short days in winter, and they also get up at seven o'clock, and in winter it may be dark outside, and in summer it is already dawn, but in fact, such changes do not have a great impact on people's lives.
However, some people believe that people's work and rest should change according to the objective laws of nature, so as to reduce unnecessary waste of resources.
The first person to propose that people should make full use of the laws of nature is the American Franklin, he personally has maintained the law of going to bed early and getting up early, he was very unaccustomed to the French people getting up at 10 a.m. and working until late at night every day, he thought that such a work and rest time can be completely adjusted, people get up two hours earlier, and then end work early, so that the length of people's work has not changed, but people's life and rest are much regular.
Franklin was a very thoughtful person, and he also compiled his thoughts on this matter into an article, which was published in a public magazine, proposing that adjusting work and rest can not only ensure a healthy lifestyle, but also save certain social resources. Franklin's idea laid the groundwork for the concept of daylight saving time that would later be proposed.
China observes daylight saving time
Later, an Englishman, William Villette, proposed the concept of daylight saving time on the basis that the world has been divided into 24 time zones, but Britain did not adopt it at that time, but Germany implemented daylight saving time.
The introduction of daylight saving time in Germany has indeed changed the routine of most people, and it has achieved some results, and other countries that feel the crisis have followed suit.
According to incomplete statistics, Europe saved about 15% of gas and electricity resources during the implementation of daylight saving time during the Industrial Revolution.
Resources are a key factor restricting economic development for any country, and with the implementation of reform and opening up on the mainland in 1978, the country's economic development and various construction have entered the fast lane, and the contradiction of insufficient resources has become increasingly prominent.
In the process of exploring open source and throttling, the daylight saving time implemented in the West has naturally attracted the attention of domestic experts and scholars.
Mainland energy experts first discussed the feasibility of implementing daylight saving time on the mainland, focusing on the resources that may be saved after the implementation of daylight saving time, according to experts' calculations, if daylight saving time is implemented, the mainland can save as much electricity a year as the power generation of the three Three Gorges projects.
After repeated theoretical verification, the relevant personnel wrote a detailed report on the implementation of daylight saving time and submitted it to the relevant state departments. This suggestion also attracted the attention of the country, after all, energy shortage had become one of the factors restricting economic development at that time.
So on May 4, 1986, China officially implemented daylight saving time, which runs from May 4 to September 14 every year.
Untimely cancellation
Daylight saving time is implemented by turning the clock forward by an hour at two o'clock in the morning, and although people still get up at seven o'clock, it is actually six o'clock. After the implementation of daylight saving time, is the saving of electricity resources in the mainland really as amazing as experts calculated?
The answer is not. Because the continent spans five time zones, the differences between each region are already very large, and even if the schedule is forcibly adjusted, it will not work at all in some regions.
People in southern cities who get up an hour early can indeed save power resources, but people in the northwest region get up an hour early before the day is light, naturally turn on the lights for lighting, in general, there is not much difference.
Another point, although the time can be forced to adjust, but the human body's own biological clock can not be forcibly adjusted, the original seven o'clock to get up into six o'clock to get up, the human body's biological clock can not adapt, the efficiency of the work is naturally low, invisibly will still cause a waste of resources.
In general, the implementation of daylight saving time in China also saves some resources, but it does not save the power generation of the three Three Gorges hydropower stations every year, as originally estimated.
Later, as more and more people began to question the necessity of implementing daylight saving time, because it violated the laws of human work and rest to some extent and did not make much sense, daylight saving time, which had been implemented in the mainland for 6 years, was abolished in 1992.
In countries with a relatively small span of time zones, the effect of implementing daylight saving time is relatively significant, and the purpose and original intention of the mainland's implementation of daylight saving time are also good, but there is still a gap between theory and practice, not only the continent canceled daylight saving time, but later other countries also canceled daylight saving time.
Brief summary:
Any country will encounter various development problems in the process of construction and development, so people will also try and explore many solutions.
There is no road in the world, and when there are more people walking, there is a road, although some roads do not know whether they will reach the end if they go down, but if they do not stop, they will never reach the end.
Daylight saving time in Europe was originally introduced to explore ways to conserve resources, and later it proved to be effective. Drawing on Western experience, China also implemented a six-year "daylight saving time", which was initially calculated to be equivalent to three Three Gorges per year, but the reality was somewhat different, so it was finally canceled.