Speaking of traditional Chinese musical instruments
How many names can you call
What kind of history is behind them
And how do we learn to play them?
In this issue
Take you through the music class
Get to know guzheng and modern kite
Today, we enter the "Talking about Zheng and Playing Zheng - From Guzheng to Modern Zheng" class together, and dig deep into the unique charm of guzheng and modern zhengzheng.
Guzheng and modern kite
Guzheng, also known as Han Zheng, Qin Zheng, Yao Zheng, Luan Zheng, is a zither instrument in the traditional musical instruments of the Han Chinese people, which belongs to the plucked instrument. It is one of the unique and important national musical instruments in China. Its beautiful timbre, wide range, rich playing skills, and strong expressiveness are deeply loved by the broad masses of the people.
Modern zheng is a new type of national instrument, also known as Pan's kite, because the early design creativity and format of the instrument was developed by the Pan Haixin and Pan Haiwei brothers in Tianjin. Its principle is that on the same kite, the five-tone scale and the seven-tone scale are distributed into two performance zones in an orderly manner, and at the same time, it has twelve average rhythm scales, which can not only play traditional zithers, but also play modern and foreign music, known as "Oriental Piano".
Historical records of kites
According to a passage in the Book of Li Silie's Biography and Expulsion from the Book of Expulsion from the Records of history, it is said that "fu strikes urns, knocks, plays kites, and beats hips, and the voice of True Qin is also sung and whinen." Zheng Wei Sangjian, Shao Yu, Martial Elephant, Exotic Joy also. ”
In the Han Dynasty, Ying Shao's "Customs and Customs" contains an article: "Zheng, according to the "Book of Ritual Music", five strings, and build a body." The present and Liang Erzhou are like kites, and I don't know who changed it. Or made by Mongtian. ”
Du You of the Tang Dynasty said in the Tongdian LeSI: "Zheng, Qin Shengye." Fu Xuan's "Order of the Kite" said: Thought it was created by Meng Tian. Looking at its instruments now, the upper is like the heavens, the lower is like the earth, the hollow quasi-liuhe, the string pillar is intended to be December, the four elephants are set, the drums are five-tone hair, the instrument of Snai Renzhi, and the minister of the fallen country, Guan Siya, the minister of the fallen country. And there is a note that says: "The Present Qingle Zither has ten strings, and he has ten strings." Rolling kites, with bamboo pieces to moisten its ends and roll it. The kite is played with bone claws, more than inches long, to refer to it. ”
Judging from these records and descriptions, the kite was widely circulated in the Qin state (now Shaanxi) as early as the Warring States period, and has a history of more than 2500 years.
The origin of the kite
Regarding the source of the kite, there is still no conclusion, but there are roughly the following four theories:
The first is that it is "divided into kites". In the Tang Dynasty Zhao Phosphorus's "Record of Words", it is recorded: "Zheng, Qin Leye, is the flow of the qin. GuSer fifty strings, from the Yellow Emperor Ling Su Nu drum ser, the emperor is not sad, broken, from the back to the twenty-five strings. The Qin people drummed, brothers fought, and broke into two. The name koto began here. The Song Dynasty's "Ji Yun" also supports this view: "Qin customs are thin and evil, father and son have quarrels, and each person has half of him, which was called Zheng at that time." ”
The second term is "weapon improvement." According to this view, the guzheng was originally a weapon in the Warring States period, used to swing vertically to fight the enemy, and there is an old saying called "the kite is fun, standing on the ground into a soldier". Later, strings were added to it, and when plucked, they found it pleasant to the ear, so it developed into an instrument.
The third term is "sound naming". Later Han Liu Xi's "Interpretation of the Name" kite said: "The strings are high and urgent, and the kites are also", and the "kite" of the guzheng is named after the acoustic effect.
The fourth theory is "Making Kites in The Heavens." According to the records of articles such as Ying Shao's "Customs and Customs" of the Han Dynasty and Du You's "Tongdian LeSI" of the Tang Dynasty, there is a saying that "Mengtian made a kite".
The types of kites vary from period to period, mainly by the size of the volume and the number of strings. The shape of the kite is a rectangular wooden speaker, and the string frame "kite pillar" can move freely, one string and one tone, arranged according to the five-tone scale. In the Tang and Song dynasties, it was thirteen strings, and later increased to sixteen strings, eighteen strings, twenty-one strings, etc., and the most commonly used specifications are twenty-one strings, and the length is about 163 centimeters. The increase in the number of strings indicates that the expandability of guzheng music is also becoming stronger and stronger.
In the long historical changes, the guzheng has gradually spread to all parts of the country, and in the combination with local opera, rap and folk music, a variety of distinctive styles and genres have been formed, which has also made the development of guzheng increasingly prosperous.
【Source: Dongping County Cultural Center】
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