"One year can see spring to autumn, a hundred years can prove birth, old age, illness and death, and a thousand years can lament the change of dynasties."
The change of dynasties seems so insignificant in the long river of time, even if it is as powerful as Qin and as prosperous as Tang, it cannot escape the arrangement of fate.
The establishment, power and demise of the Jin Dynasty is like a fable, which tells people the truth and then ends quietly, which catches people off guard.
As a subordinate tribe, the Jurchens were a rising star, and it took only twelve years from the establishment of power to the mighty four sides.
Two years of indirect annihilation of Liao and the Northern Song Dynasty, Goryeo, Western Xia and other countries were willing to be subordinate to it, paying tribute to it every year, and the Jin Dynasty sang all the way, like a swordsman who rarely met his opponent, and wherever he passed, the dust also bowed to him.
But even the powerful gold is still reduced to the joke of history, and like every dynasty from prosperity to decline, it interprets the inevitability and accident of history.
Guardian of the Eagle Road
To say when the Jin Dynasty was established, then we have to say about Liao.
The war of the northern peoples seems to have never stopped for a moment, and after the Liao Dynasty destroyed the Bohai State, the Jurchens, which were originally attached to the Bohai Sea, began to enter the public eye.
The Jurchens paid tribute to the Liao Dynasty every year, and even so, the Liao, who had made their fortune by conquering and plundering, would not let them go easily.
In the early days of the Liao Holy Sect, the Liao Dynasty often solicited Jurchens and other departments, and the tribes dared to be angry and did not dare to speak, so they could only bear it silently.
There will always be opportunities, and the opportunities of the Jurchens will come quietly.
It was an eagle called "Haidongqing", which was a falcon produced in the Five Kingdoms region and was very liked by the Liao people.
However, due to the scarcity of non-artificial farming, when the Ministry of the Five Kingdoms paid tribute to them, how to safely and quickly get them to the Liao royal court became a top priority.
The Eagle Road came into being, and as the name suggests, it is the road dedicated to transporting Haidong Qing by the Liao people.
But it doesn't stop there. Through this route, the Liao people could better manage their subordinate tribes, promote the development of economy and trade, and strengthen the rule of the Liao dynasty.
After Yanbu was on this eagle road, and by mistake their actions contributed to the guardian eagle road and were affirmed by the Liao Dynasty. Over time, they became Eagle Road guards.
However, the Yan Department is ambitious, and they are not willing to be inferior.
After gaining some power, they continued to annex or suppress other tribes on the pretext of guarding the Eagle Road, and it didn't take long for them to have the ability to govern independently.
In 1115, the Jin Dynasty was officially established by Yan Ah Bone and was known as Jin Taizu.
Finish Yan A bone beating
Destroy the Liao and Northern Song Dynasties in one fell swoop
Since the establishment of the Jin Dynasty after fighting Yan Abone, he began to fight back against Liao.
Due to the lack of troops, Taizu ordered the unity of the military and the people, and the entire Jurchen tribe was united by this order, they shared a common belief and a common goal.
At this time, the Jin Dynasty was invincible and invincible, just because their blood was hot.
The Jurchens are good at riding and shooting, whether men or women, old and young, are good at riding and shooting, and the army formed by such a people, regardless of whether it can be superior in numbers, is much higher in quality than the slack and lazy army in the late Liao Dynasty.
In 1120, the Jin Dynasty declared war on Liao, vowing to pour out the anger that had been suppressed in his heart for many years.
The Liao army was losing ground after another, and at this time, the Northern Song Dynasty, which was in the south of the two, could not sit idle.
Just because he signed the "Tan Yuan Alliance" with Liao, the relationship between Liao and the Northern Song Dynasty was relatively harmonious.
The rise of the Jin Dynasty made the Northern Song Dynasty hesitate, whether to continue the alliance with Liao that would not be broken at some point, or to destroy Liao with the Jin Dynasty?
At that time, Ma Zhi proposed the "strategy of uniting with Jin and restoring Yan", and many ministers did not agree with this matter, they were unwilling to break this peace, and the Jin people were not necessarily easier to deal with than the Liao people.
A chattering argument began in the court of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Emperor Huizong of Song loved poetry and song, calligraphy and painting, and it can be said that he was a talented scholar, but he was not a good emperor.
Listening to the words of the traitor Cai Jing, he wanted to inherit the aspirations of his ancestors and recover the sixteen states of Yanyun, so he decided to ally with Jin and send troops to attack Liao.
At the beginning of its establishment, the Jin Dynasty had plans to form an alliance with the Northern Song Dynasty, and now the Northern Song Dynasty offered to form an alliance, which they gladly accepted.
Although Jin's winning rate was significantly higher than Liao's at the time, they still needed this alliance.
Moreover, if they refused and the Northern Song turned their heads and fell to Liao, then they would have one more big trouble.
Song Huizong Zhao Yao
At that time, the Northern Song Dynasty was already strong outside, but the Jin Dynasty did not dare to underestimate the enemy, and they could not afford to gamble on this success or failure.
But they thought about it too much, and Song would soon tell them how weak his strength really was.
Since Emperor Taizu of Song established the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to prevent the military generals in the Five Dynasties period from holding military power, he rebelled against the army, so he had the "right to release troops from a cup of wine".
Since then, the trend of the Northern Song Dynasty of emphasizing culture and light martial arts has gradually taken shape.
The Song army during the reign of Emperor Huizong was corrupt and incompetent, repeatedly defeated, failed to defeat the Liao army as promised, and finally needed the help of the Jin army.
After this battle, the Jin Dynasty also had a number of the bottom of the Northern Song Dynasty.
In May 1125, the Jin Dynasty captured the Tianqi Emperor of the Liao Dynasty alive, and the Liao Dynasty perished.
In October of that year, the Jin army aimed its sword blade at its former ally, the Northern Song Dynasty.
Emperor Huizong, who had just won the battle, did not have time to rejoice, and the Jin army was already in the city.
The promised return of Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures was forgotten in 1123 when Yan Ah Bone was killed.
It's just that Emperor Huizong is still immersed in the joy of his achievements, and he doesn't know it.
Faced with the overwhelming Jin army, Emperor Huizong took the throne to his son Zhao Huan and fled to the south.
Zhao Huanshi is called Song Qinzong.
Emperor Qin suddenly took over this mess, and he didn't know what to do for a while, so he sent envoys out to negotiate peace in a hurry, and was willing to agree to all the demands of the other side.
In this way, this farce ended in land cession and reparations.
In 1126, the Jin army began to move south again, attacking the city and plundering the land.
In 1127, when the Northern Song Dynasty fell and the Jin army took back the army, they did not forget to "pack and take away" all the old and young members of Huizong Qinzong's family.
This is the famous "shame of Jingkang" in history, only because it occurred in the second year of Jingkang of Song Qinzong, so it was named after it.
Only King Zhao of Kang, who was not in Kyoto at the time, was spared this and ascended the throne in Yingtianfu in Nanjing in the same year, establishing the Southern Song Dynasty.
Fight around
After the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao and Northern Song Dynasties, it was indeed a prosperous moment, but it only perished more than a hundred years after the founding of the state.
Part of it is its own cause, and part of it is the result of natural competition.
This was the case in society at that time, where it was easy to say anything with a fist.
The Jin Dynasty was founded by martial arts, and after the founding of the country, it was constantly encroaching on other countries to strengthen itself, so it is not surprising that it finally disappeared in the long river of history in this way.
In 1127, when the Southern Song regime was first established, the Jin Dynasty sent troops to attack.
Because the general Yue Fei was still alive at the time, the Jin army was unable to defeat the Southern Song army and capture Emperor Gaozong of Song.
Yue Fei led his Yue family army to be invincible, and the rebels everywhere responded, but Emperor Gaozong's Zhao Zhi and Prime Minister Qin Hui were bent on peace, and issued twelve "golden cards" in a row to urge the class to return to the dynasty.
Qin Hui also slandered Yue Fei to Emperor Gaozong, resulting in Yue Fei being wrongfully imprisoned, and the last generation of loyal courtiers died unjustly.
Just as the Jin Dynasty was dominating, a seemingly inconspicuous regime was quietly established and gradually strengthened: Mongolia, founded by Genghis Khan.
The Mongols are known as the "people on horseback" and their riding skills are quite superb.
The Jin Dynasty often invaded and plundered the Mongols, and they were already humiliated.
After Temujin unified the Mongol tribes, it took five years, from 1206 to 1211, to fully prepare for the attack on the Jin Dynasty.
Especially in 1209, when they captured the Jin dynasty and knew everything about Jin's current internal political corruption and official extravagance, Genghis Khan put Jin's strategy on the agenda.
In February 1211, the Mongol army took pre-war oaths on the banks of the Krulun River, and then began a humiliating offensive.
In July of the same year, the Mongol army led by Zhebei captured Wuyueying, Wushabao and other places; In August, the two armies engaged at Wild Fox Ridge, and the Jin army suffered heavy losses; In September, he took Juyongguan, and after some looting in December, he retired to the north to recuperate.
In the beginning of the war, the Mongol army did not have a sense of territory, they just attacked, plundered and left, and they seemed to have no concern about the importance of the city.
From 1211 to 1216, the Mongol army simply carried out their plan of revenge, encircling Zhongdu twice, but both retreating with small gains.
From 1217 to 1222, Genghis Khan personally led an army to attack, at first only a small area of attack, because the Jin army was like a tofu block, a fight and a defeat, so it stimulated the desire of the fighting nation to conquer.
Genghis Khan ordered the general Mu Huali to lead an elite army to part ways with him to attack, and the Jin people were defeated.
In addition, the generals of the Jin army have long been accustomed to sycophancy in the court, and they can obtain the rotten life of high-ranking officials and lords, and they have long forgotten about the army command.
Now let them face such a tough Mongolian iron hoof, it can be said that the egg touches the stone.
When the two sides are compared, the victory and defeat seem to have been predetermined for a long time.
Kim died only a hundred years after its establishment
In March 1223, the Mongolian commander Mu Huali died, and his son Xiaolu succeeded to the title and continued the war against the Jin Dynasty.
In July 1227, Genghis Khan died, and in his last words he mentioned that he would "destroy gold in a false way" to the Song Dynasty.
When he saw that the Jin Dynasty had been beaten by the Mongols, the Southern Song Dynasty and the "shame of Jingkang" no longer paid tribute to Jinna.
Jin Xuanzong had just moved the capital to Bianjing, and when he heard about this, he was angry and corrupted.
At that time, the army was already short of food and grass, military equipment had been exhausted, and thinking of the weakness of the Southern Song Dynasty, the idea of attacking the Southern Song Dynasty and getting supplies grew in Xuanzong's heart.
In April 1217, the Jin Dynasty sent troops to the Southern Song Dynasty, and the two corrupt regimes met, and the victory and defeat were only a millimeter.
The Southern Song Dynasty was defeated, because of its early surrender and peaceism, the army was not reorganized, and the loyal ministers were squeezed out of the government and the public, and its corruption was no less than that of the Jin Dynasty.
It was not until after Emperor Xuanzong's death and Emperor Laizong's accession to the throne that the war between Song and Jin stopped. Jin Chao himself pushed the Southern Song Dynasty to his opponents.
In 1229, the Mongol general Wokuotai felled gold.
In 1932, the two armies of Mongolia and Jin fought at Sanfeng Mountain in Junzhou, and the victory of the Mongolian army hastened the demise of the Jin Dynasty. In December of the same year, Emperor Weizong abandoned Bianjing and fled, and the following year fled to Caizhou.
In 1934, Yan Chenglin passed on the throne in the first month, and 5 days later, the city was broken, and Emperor Moizong hanged himself, and soon after Yan Chenglin was also killed.
The 119-year-old Jin Dynasty bid farewell to the historical stage.
There were many reasons for the rapid demise of the Jin Dynasty, but the most important should be its own gradual corruption.
The spirit of democracy and equality in the early days of the Jin people quietly deteriorated in the process of the continuous change of the rulers, and turned into the nobles and lowly in the later period; Hard struggle, noble riding and shooting have also become arrogant and lascivious, greedy for life and fear of death; The political atmosphere of diligence and honesty has also become extravagant and corrupt.
As the understanding of Han culture deepened, the rulers of the Jin Dynasty took the lead in learning, which was not bad, but on the contrary, it helped to stabilize the power of the court and improve the political system.
But the bad is bad because the Jin Dynasty not only learned the essence of Han culture, but also learned its dross, and finally dug its own grave