When describing history, historians often merge the Sui and Tang dynasties and refer to them as the "Sui and Tang periods."
The reason is not only because the Tang Dynasty replaced the Sui Dynasty, but also because the Tang inherited the Sui system, and the Tang Dynasty retained many of the Sui Dynasty canon systems.
For example, the "imperial examination system" was established by the Sui Dynasty, and carried forward in the Tang Dynasty, even the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan, who himself was a former official of the Sui Dynasty.
In the long history of China, although the Sui Dynasty was only a short-lived dynasty, it was also a rich dynasty, and even the ancients once sighed that "rich as Sui".
However, it was such a wealthy dynasty that only existed for more than thirty years in history before dying.
In the chaotic era at the end of the Sui Dynasty, a more brilliant and splendid Tang Dynasty was quietly brewing, and finally rose tenaciously with an irreversible trend.
However, under the turmoil of the world, who is the hero? Who is the Hero? Who is embarrassed? Who is expected to return? It is difficult to distinguish between the trade-offs of forces.
The ninth year of Tang Zhenguan, May, Gengzi Day.
Emperor Taishang Li Yuan took his last breath and died. Until he died, what was going on in his heart, we no longer know.
Before the Tang Dynasty of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, it was the Sui Dynasty that enjoyed only more than 30 years, and before the Sui Dynasty, Northern Zhou and Northern Qi respectively enjoyed more than 20 years, and at that time there was also a Chen Dynasty in the south, and the Kingdom was only more than 30 years.
That is, the "Li-Tang Dynasty" was established on the ruins of a series of short-lived dynasties!
When Emperor Taishang Li Yuan was about to collapse, he saw a new dynasty flourishing: the political system was established, the national economy was restored, the country was peaceful, and the people were peaceful.
Everyone must know that this will be a powerful dynasty that has enjoyed the country for nearly three hundred years.
It can be imagined that when Li Yuan died, the most he felt in his heart should be gratified, because all this was created by him and belonged to his credit.
Time flies, more than a thousand years have passed, and now when it comes to the Tang Dynasty, the most impressive people left on our descendants must be Wu Zetian and Tang Taizong, especially Li Yuan's son - "Tang Taizong" Li Shimin, but also the emperor of the ages.
Regarding this, it can be seen from the mausoleums of their father and son: the Zhaoling Mausoleum of Emperor Taizong of Tang Li Shimin, which is full of tourists every day; The tomb of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, on the other hand, is much more lonely and lonely in comparison.
Of course, the reason why I say this is not to judge right and wrong for Li Yuan's father and son, saying which of them is more capable, and who is the first hero of the founding of the Great Tang Dynasty.
To be honest, historical figures are very complex, and we can't distinguish them by a black-and-white worldview of what is capable or not doing, or good and evil.
After all, both father and son of Li Yuan and Li Shimin have played different roles in this process!
Frankly speaking, the process of building a country is definitely not something that can be decided by one or two heroes, but it is the economic foundation and the strength of the people that determine the trend of historical development.
Of course, as heroic leading figures, Li Yuan and Li Shimin are more conspicuous and eye-catching in it, which is also undeniable.
It can be said that the process of establishing the Great Tang Dynasty is a process from disintegration to unification, from turmoil to tranquility, and at the same time a result of various forces competing with each other.
Therefore, the "History of the Founding of the Tang Dynasty" can be regarded as a heroic symphony, not only with many characters, but also with ups and downs in the tune, family background playing a role, personal ability playing a role, social organization ability and appeal ability also playing an indispensable role.
It is no exaggeration to say that the history of the Tang Dynasty exposed all the characteristics of Chinese history to people, some light and some dark, some positive energy, and some negative energy.
But, this is the real history!
Looking at the history from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the founding of the Sui and Tang dynasties, it is not difficult to find that the north and south of China have embarked on different development paths.
The Southern Dynasty retained more of the traditional cultural characteristics since the Han and Wei dynasties, while the Northern Dynasty injected the fresh blood of the grassland nomads.
In the period of great unification of the Sui Dynasty, the integration of nationalities was realized, and a solid foundation was laid for the later Sheng Tang Dynasty.
So, what were the characteristics of the Sui and Tang Empires?
On the one hand, it retains the basic characteristics of traditional Chinese culture; On the other hand, some of the cultural characteristics of the steppe nomads have been preserved.
It can be said that in the entire stage of Chinese history, history has leapt to a new stage, and the establishment of the Sui and Tang Empire marks that China has opened a new era in all aspects, including culture, science and technology, system and other aspects.
For example, the final establishment of the "three-province six-part system", the invention and expansion of the "imperial examination system", the birth of "emerging literature", the progress of science and technology, and the elevation of women's status... Everything is a distinctive feature of this stage.
To put it bluntly, "Sui" and "Tang" are actually one family! Because, they are all members of the Guanlong Group.
The "Guanlong Group" is a group founded by Yuwen Tai during the Western Wei Dynasty, mainly composed of some military meritorious nobles, and the vast majority of generals enter the prime minister.
At the beginning, Yuwen Tai's original intention of establishing the Guanlong Group was to confront the Gao Huan Group and maximize the human and material resources in the Guanlong area, so he created the "Fu Military System".
On the basis of the military system of the government, the "eight-pillar state" system was born, in which the adult men of the country "served the people in peacetime and soldiers in wartime" were handed over to the military government to manage, and then the military government was handed over to the eight pillar countries to manage.
Under the eight pillar states, there are "twelve great generals", which together constitute a total of twenty families, thus forming the top of the entire Western Wei Northern Zhou power group pyramid, which is the "government military system" and the "eight-pillar state" system.
It was on the basis of these two systems that the so-called "Guanlong Group" was born.
I have to say that the ability of the Guanlong Group is indeed not to be underestimated, so that the later Northern Zhou, Sui, and Tang were all born in the circle of this group.
In this regard, the historian Zhao Yi of the Qing Dynasty said with emotion in his "Twenty-two Historical Records": In a remote projectile land, there are three generations of emperors, the territory of the Zhou is still small, and the Sui and Tang dynasties are unified, for more than 300 years, is it not the gathering of royal qi, huge and prosperous!
Zhao Yi said: It's amazing! In a small projectile land, there were three dynasties, two of which were large empires, and this place was the place where the royal qi gathered!
Of course, this is certainly not because of any royal spirit, but because the Guanlong clique not only has the cultural bloodline of the Han nation, but also has the courage of ethnic minorities to fight bravely and well, and at the same time grasps the lifeblood of history, so such a phenomenon has appeared.
What's more interesting is that the three dynasties of Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang still have in-law relations with each other...
Among the three dynasties, there was a key figure - Duguxin.
He was one of the generals of the Eight Great Pillar Kingdoms and gave birth to a total of seven daughters, the eldest of whom married Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou; The fourth daughter married Li Xiang, the son of Li Hu, one of the generals of the Eight Great Pillar Kingdoms, and gave birth to a son named Li Yuan; The youngest daughter married Yang Jian, the son of Yang Zhong, one of the twelve great generals, and gave birth to a son named Yang Guang.
As incredible as it sounds, Duguxin gave birth to seven daughters, three of whom were empresses, and they were empresses of different dynasties!
No wonder, now the Internet has given Duguxin a nickname - "the world's first old man".
Therefore, there is a saying that Sui and Tang are nothing more than an exchange of power within a group!
If you think about it, this statement is not unreasonable, and even after the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, a large number of Sui Dynasty rules and regulations were used, as well as a large number of Sui Dynasty old people, until the seventh year of Wude, the Tang Dynasty had its own system construction.
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