At present, young people have many obsessive-compulsive disorders, and keeping the mobile phone fully charged may be one of them.
The small battery full in the upper right corner of the screen is a reassurance for many people to go out, even if the mobile phone still has dozens of powers, some people still have to plug in the charger at the first opportunity.
Before going to bed at night, many people habitually connect their mobile phones to charge, and when they wake up, they can get a "full of energy" communication tools.
But is it really okay to charge all night? Will fast charging hurt the battery? Isn't playing while charging a lot of battery consumption? The answers to these questions are really important for a person with a power anxiety.
Your charging posture may be wrong
When you get a new machine, have you ever had this kind of confusion - does the new machine have to be fully charged once to use, and do you need to wait until the mobile phone runs out of battery to charge?
These tutorials were correct in the era when parents used old-fashioned mobile phones, that is, nickel-cadmium batteries, because nickel-cadmium batteries have a "memory effect."
The so-called "memory effect" is that the battery will remember the final voltage after the previous use when charging, and when the voltage value of its memory is used again after charging, the remaining use time of the battery will drop rapidly [1][2], so nickel-cadmium batteries are most avoided "shallow charge and shallow discharge", and the termination voltage should be controlled relatively low [2].
But now the commonly used lithium battery is not so "calculating", and it does not have a "memory effect" [3]. Now that smartphones have long entered the era of lithium batteries, when discussing battery life, more mention is "cycle".
Cycle, also known as charging cycle, is not plugged in once or used a cycle, but the lithium battery completes a complete charging and discharging process [4]. For example, if your phone's power is used up 75% and then charged, the cycle has not been completed, and it is not until you charge it and then use 25%, which is considered to complete a charging cycle.
Charging cycle diagram / Source: Apple official website
Therefore, the strategy of "running out and recharging" in the era of nickel-cadmium batteries is no longer necessary, and not only is it not applicable, but it will also become the wrong lithium battery charging posture.
Battery University, a battery research website, conducted a study on the relationship between electricity consumption and battery durability, and the results showed that when the depth of discharge is 100%, that is, all used up and recharged, the capacity of the two lithium batteries drops to 70% of the basic unusable cycle, which can be experienced 300 and 600 times; And if only 10% recharge is used each time, the cycle that can be run will be greatly increased to 6000 and 15000 times [5].
To a certain extent, the more cycles it can take, the longer the phone can be "in service". Combined with the research results, if you use low power or recharge when there is no power, it will be easier to damage the battery life and make your battery undurable.
Therefore, the correct charging posture is "charge as you go", no need to put it until there is no power and wait for sleep at night to recharge. Now fast charging has become the standard for many mobile phones, if there is no full battery obsessive-compulsive disorder, there is no need to sleep for a few hours to keep the phone plugged into the charging cable. And people with power anxiety can charge at any time, and it is best to remember to unplug it in time to avoid charging too long to hurt the battery [6].
So how fierce can fast charging be?
We investigated the new models of several mainstream brands in half a year, 66W/67W is the more mainstream official charger charging power of ordinary models, under this condition, the mobile phone can basically be fully charged in about 40 minutes.
The Android camp is generally faster charging, and the OnePlus Ace 2 is equipped with a 100w charger, which can be fully charged in 25 minutes [7]; The most exaggerated is the realme GT Neo5, with a 240w charger, which is claimed to be fully charged in 9 and a half minutes [8].
If you buy a Pro model, this ultra-high-power charging configuration will be more common.
Of course, Apple is still so special, for environmental protection you may still be using the ancestral 5V1A charging head, want to experience fast charging have to buy a fast charging head separately. The priority charging power of iPhone 14 is still only 20W [9], and it takes more than half an hour to charge the phone with the official 20W USB-C charging head [10], and this charging head is officially "only" 149 yuan.
The real battery killer, is it
With fast charging technology, everyone uses mobile phones more unscrupulously, but many moments when high-intensity use of mobile phones are required, and some people will be backstabbed by the mobile phone heating problem.
I had to put ice packs on my phone for a video, and I was really going to die of anger.
The phone was so hot that it burned my phone case and deformed it.
What do I warm my hands with? Hot phone!
Netizens have complained about the "hot potato" on major social media for many years, and now when major manufacturers release new machines, they have to write good heat dissipation on the selling point, but some netizens who have been heartbroken feel that it is more reliable to buy a heat dissipation clip.
We crawled the complaints posts of netizens and found that these scenes are the most likely to destroy the user's experience——
When playing games, he was grabbing people's heads in the canyon or exchanging feelings with the hills on the continent of Tivat, and his mobile phone was hot until it froze or even flashed;
Make a video with the object, the phone will be hot in less than half an hour and can't hold it, and the emotional heating speed is not comparable to the CPU heating efficiency; System updates, watching long and short videos, taking photos may also overheat mobile phones, and even more outrageously, some mobile phones can even read novels and listen to music as hot as radiators;
Not to mention that the most mentioned is that when charging, the phone is hot enough to fry boiled eggs.
So the question is, will the phone heat damage the battery? Especially in daily use, fast charging can not be avoided, will fast charging make the mobile phone damage faster?
Such concerns are not unfounded, charging, itself is the confrontation of current and resistance, when the current flows through the internal components of the mobile phone, can not avoid the generation of heat, and fast charging current voltage is large, heat accumulation more, the temperature will theoretically be higher.
And the damage of temperature to the battery is ironclad. Battery University's tests show that a fully charged mobile phone only loses 6% of its capacity when it is left at 0°C for a year, and if it is placed in a 60°C environment, 60% of the battery capacity will be left to support three months [5].
Not only that, the high temperature environment remains fully charged for a long time, and the damage to the battery is greater than that of normal cyclic use.
However, of course, manufacturers will also consider this problem, so the current smart phone will be equipped with a power management chip to manage the charging process, fast charging will not be stupid throughout the process of high-current charging.
Very early, fast charging found a three-stage charging mode, first precharged, then increased the current into constant current fast charging, and finally when the voltage is enough, it is converted into constant voltage charging to reduce the current [11].
Now many mobile phones fast charging, is also a fast and then slow process, taking the iPhone as an example, the charging process is to first "flood" to 80%, and then the remaining 20% to "trickle" into [4]. In this way, manufacturers can achieve "fast charging for convenience, slow charging to ensure life".
Charging management diagram / Source: Apple official website
As for charging overnight, manufacturers use a similar strategy, charging to about 80% to stop charging, and then continue to use trickle charging when you wake up soon, iPhone's "optimized battery charging" is to learn the user's daily habits to judge, when your mobile phone enters a long-term charge, the mobile phone is charged to about 80%, the system will automatically stop charging to avoid battery overcharging [12].
Therefore, in theory, the manufacturer has done some optimization measures for your worries, if the mobile phone is not abnormally hot, then there is no need to worry too much with fast charging, but on the contrary, the mobile phone charging is hot, it is best to go to the overhaul to see if there is a problem.
Change the phone or change the battery
After studying so much battery knowledge, as an ordinary 5G surfer, there is also a most concerned question that I have tried my best to avoid the above problems, but why is the mobile phone battery still out of use at some point?
This problem is related to battery life, and if you want to explain it with an indicator that you can query from your mobile phone, it is that the battery capacity has decreased.
Mobile phones are not durable and are often underclocked, which may be due to excessive battery capacity [13]. If you are an Apple user, you should be familiar with the advice of "pay attention to check whether the battery health is less than 80% of the initial capacity", many people's iPhone battery capacity will encounter automatic restart or power loss when it is close to 80%.
Why does 80% seem like a pretty high number?
Because the capacity loss of lithium batteries is not a uniform process, under normal circumstances, it may fall quickly for a short period of time at the beginning, and then smoothly decline for a long time, and to a certain threshold, it will collapse down [14].
Schematic diagram of the rate of battery capacity degradation / Source: Spotnitz R. (2003). Simulation of capacity fade in lithium-ion batteries. Journal of power sources 113(1) 72-80.
According to years of actual measurements by major manufacturers, this threshold is about 80% [14]. This standard has become an industry consensus, many lithium battery performance research as a research premise, Apple, Huawei, OnePlus and other mainstream brands have also taken this standard as a recommended time point to replace batteries.
However, according to Apple's calculations, normal use to 80% of the battery capacity to go through 500 cycles [13], according to the daily use of electricity, the battery can last about a year and a half.
Some people change their phones every year, so there is no need to worry about the capacity of the mobile phone's battery. But what if there are no plans to change your phone? In order to regain the experience and for the sake of your wallet, choose to change the battery.
According to the statements of various brands, replacing the official original battery will not have an impact on the mobile phone, but will be a "smart hand rejuvenation".
And most of the official original batteries are not expensive, the price range of most brands is in the tens to a hundred, Xiaomi and Redmi some old models can buy an original battery for as little as 59 yuan; Huawei and Honor are slightly more expensive in Android machines, with the most expensive batteries costing 359 yuan and 279 yuan respectively.
However, no matter how expensive it is, it is not comparable to the value of Apple's battery. Last year's new iPhone 14, replacing a battery costs 748 yuan, which is simply bleeding; And in the just arrived March, the price of models other than 14 increased, for example, the iPhone 8, which can only sell seven or eight hundred on salted fish, now costs 528 yuan to replace a battery [15].
But even if it is expensive, it is only 1/10 or even less to change a mobile phone of the same brand, which is still very cost-effective. And if it is replaced for any reason during the warranty period, it can be free of charge.
Of course, it may be cheaper to go outside to change the battery, but it may face risks such as data leakage, unstable quality, and even personal safety in serious cases. Therefore, it is still recommended that everyone go to the official store to replace, spend more money, and at least buy a peace of mind.
In the end, we must remember that it is fate for the battery to age, and the correct charging is to avoid accelerating this process.
If the mobile phone is changed frequently, don't worry too much, the current technology can generally cover the harm caused by your wayward operation; If you have a flag that you want to use this mobile phone in your hand for four or five years, then you may wish to review the knowledge points we have summarized for you, combined with the principle of battery charging and the charging recommendations of several mainstream mobile phone manufacturers:
In these ways, your phone battery should be more durable. However, mobile phones and batteries are always consumables, if they are really difficult to use, do not force it, change to a new one within the budget, and brush the phone will be happier.
Resources:
[1] CHEN Kai. (2003). How to recognize the "memory effect" of cadmium-nickel batteries. China Inspection and Quarantine(02)56.
[2] Lu Quangen. (1999). The "memory effect" of nickel-cadmium batteries. Electronic Production (12): 39-40.
[3] ZHANG Xiaoyu. (2006). Introduction to lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Peking University (Natural Science Edition)(S1):96.
[4] Apple Chinese mainland official website. (2021). Support-Battery-Why Choose Li-Ion Batteries. Retrieved Febuary 27 2023 from https://www.apple.com.cn/batteries/why-lithium-ion/ .
[5] Battery University. (2021). BU-808:How to Prolong Lithium-ba<x>sed Batteries. Retrieved Febuary 27 2023 from https://batteryuniversity.com/article/bu-808-how-to-prolong-lithium-ba<x>sed-batteries.
[6] Pang Jing, Lu Shigang & Liu Sha. (2005). Study on overcharge characteristics of lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Electrochemistry 11(4): 398.
[7] OnePlus website. (2022). OnePlus Ace 2-Overview-Charging. Retrieved Febuary 27 2023 from https://www.oneplus.com/cn/ace-2#section-battery.
[8] Realme. (2022). Realme GT Neo5 - Overview. Retrieved Febuary 27 2023 from https://www.realme.com/realme-gt-neo-5 .
[9] Apple Chinese mainland official website. (2022). iPhone 14 - Technical Specifications - Power and Battery. Retrieved Febuary 27 2023 from https://www.apple.com.cn/iphone-14/specs/.
[10] Apple Chinese mainland official website. (2023). Store-Accessories-20W USB-C Power Adapter. Retrieved March 7 2023 from https://www.apple.com.cn/shop/product/MHJ83CH/A.
[11] Shen Jun. (2013). Analysis of fast charging of smartphones. Information and communication (2) 20-22.
[12] Apple Chinese mainland official website. (2022). About optimized battery charging on iPhone. Retrieved Febuary 28 2023 from https://support.apple.com/zh-cn/HT210512.
[13] Apple Chinese mainland official website. (2022). iPhone battery and performance. Retrieved Febuary 28 2023 from https://support.apple.com/zh-cn/HT208387
[14] Spotnitz R. (2003). Simulation of capacity fade in lithium-ion batteries. Journal of power sources 113(1) 72-80.
[15] Apple Chinese mainland official website. (2022). iPhone battery service. Retrieved Febuary 28 2023 from https://support.apple.com/zh-cn/iphone/repair/battery-replacement