First, the digital economy promotes technological innovation of manufacturing enterprises
Based on Marxist related theories, this paper analyzes the internal mechanism of digital economy empowering the high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises:
First, by changing the subjective and objective conditions of labor, the digital economy improves the quality and skills of workers, expands the boundaries and functions of production materials, thereby promoting technological progress and improving the production capacity of enterprises;
Second, the development of the digital economy makes all stages of the capital cycle of enterprises smoother, thereby accelerating the capital circulation of manufacturing enterprises and improving the production efficiency of enterprises;
Third, the digital economy promotes the transformation of traditional manufacturing to advanced manufacturing, spawns emerging industries and models, expands the division of labor boundary of the manufacturing industry chain to reshape the global value chain, accelerates the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and then improves the development quality of manufacturing enterprises.
Technological innovation is the core competitiveness of enterprise survival and development. When analyzing capitalist production, Marx fully affirmed the great role of technological innovation in promoting the development of productive forces, and pointed out that the profit-seeking nature of capital is the internal driving force for enterprises to carry out technological innovation, and the "compulsory law of competition" is the external pressure of enterprises to carry out technological innovation. Technological innovation is actually a process of "changing the technical and social conditions of the labor process" and thus "changing the mode of production itself".
(1) The digital economy enhances the skills of workers to promote technological innovation
The rapid development of digital technology has not only spawned digital productivity, but also triggered the subjective conditions of labor, that is, the change of labor quality, the quality and skills of workers have been greatly improved, and workers can effectively improve the technological innovation ability of enterprises through complex labor accumulation. The rapid change of technology and the increase in the complexity of using equipment in the production process have led to major changes in the skills required by the labor force, mental work will continue to be transformed into physical labor, complex labor will continue to be transformed into simple labor, and workers must receive more training and education to adapt to the rapid progress of productivity, thereby shaping a new form of labor.
In the digital era, with the injection of digital technology, traditional physical workers no longer adapt to the requirements of digital productivity, and enterprise production must need a labor level that matches digital technology, that is, the labor force that masters digital technology. According to the labor theory of value, the value of the commodity produced by compound labor and the consumption of simple labor is not equal to that of a unit of time, and "the product of an hour of complex labor is a commodity that is twice or three times more valuable than the product of an hour of simple labor." ”
Therefore, workers with digital labor skills are complex labor with a large density of labor value, which can create more value in production, thereby increasing labor productivity. As highly skilled workers, workers who master digital technology can more easily achieve technological innovation in the process of "learning by doing" or improving labor proficiency through complex labor accumulation. At the same time, the replacement of manual labor and some simple mental work by digital labor enables workers to free themselves from heavy and repetitive labor processes and engage in more complex and innovative labor.
(2) The digital economy upgrades the functions of labor materials to promote technological innovation
When digital technology is injected into the objective conditions of labor, labor materials become materialized digital technology, the function of labor materials is greatly improved, and digital labor materials are born. The application of digital labor materials enhances people's ability to create wealth, further improves the manufacturing conditions of enterprises through the combination with workers and labor objects, and becomes the technical basis for enterprises to achieve technological innovation.
Marx pointed out that the profit-seeking and cruel market competition of capital require capitalists to constantly use new machines, that is, to continuously produce relative surplus value through technological innovation. However, the characteristics of high investment, high risk, long cycle and irreversible investment in technological innovation activities make enterprises' innovation output and potential benefits face high costs and uncertainties, which have become key factors hindering enterprises from improving their technological innovation capabilities.
In the digital age, digital technology and machinery have become the main means of labor. The most basic feature of digital technology as a labor material is that it has strong reproducibility and can be continuously reused, so that the marginal cost of using digital technology is infinitely close to zero. It can be seen that the application of digital labor materials can effectively reduce the cost of technological innovation of enterprises and increase the benefits of technological innovation, thereby promoting enterprises to carry out technological innovation activities.
(3) The digital economy expands the boundaries of labor objects to promote technological innovation
When digital technology is injected into the objective conditions of labor, while giving birth to digital labor materials, it is also constantly expanding the boundaries of labor objects, thereby improving the efficiency of enterprise technological innovation. In the era of digital economy, the explosive growth of data volume has changed the expression of information, gradually changing from atoms to bits, and data has become the main labor object and key production factor, which is integrated into the value creation process together with traditional factors such as land, labor, and capital.
It runs through the entire process of the development of the digital economy and has a wide impact on the development of productivity. With the continuous improvement of data mining, storage, analysis and other related technologies, big data has embarked on the path of industrialization development in many fields, which has an important impact on the fields of production, circulation, distribution and consumption, and greatly improves the technological innovation efficiency of enterprises.
On the one hand, the increasingly mature data mining technology and data analysis capabilities change the traditional means and methods of obtaining information, weaken the information asymmetry between the upstream and downstream of the supply chain, and between manufacturers and users.
On the other hand, manufacturing enterprises in the big data environment are increasingly shifting from large-scale automated production to personalized and flexible intelligent manufacturing, so as to meet the diversified needs of consumers, promote the integration of production and consumption, realize the rational allocation of internal factors of enterprises, and improve the efficiency of technological innovation. In addition, through the mining and analysis of data, enterprises can generate new knowledge, machine learning and artificial intelligence technology quickly new knowledge is absorbed and transformed into the company's own productivity, thereby further improving the efficiency of technological innovation of manufacturing enterprises.
Second, the digital economy accelerates the capital cycle of manufacturing enterprises
In the era of digital economy, flexible production and intelligent manufacturing based on digital technology have become the mainstream of industrial production, realizing the rational allocation of production factors, which is conducive to improving production efficiency and capital utilization; The digital platform expands the business model of enterprises, improves the speed of commodity circulation, saves commodity circulation costs, accelerates capital circulation and turnover, and enhances the profit margin and market competitiveness of enterprises; Digital finance accelerates the transformation of decentralized funds and idle money into borrowed capital, thereby filling the funding gap faced by the corporate capital cycle.
Money in the purchase stage performs the function of money capital, and buys production factors that meet the requirements of the organic composition of capital in the factor market. The factors of production are the various social resources required for the production of material materials. Marx summarized the factors of production into two parts, "on the one hand, the means of production, and on the other hand, the labor force, that is, the material factor of commodity production and the human factor." "For enterprises, where material production activities are to be carried out, the two must be combined. On the one hand, the rational allocation of production factors is qualitatively prescriptive, that is, qualitatively "compatible with the type of goods produced";
On the other hand, the rational allocation of production factors also has the prescriptiveness of quantity, that is, the proportion of capital organic composition is in line with the quantity. It can be seen that the production factors purchased by enterprises should be qualitatively compatible with the types and characteristics of products determined by market demand, and should be proportional to the organic composition of the capital produced in quantity. Otherwise, "without sufficient means of production, the excess labor at the buyer's disposal cannot be utilized; His dominance over this excess labor is useless.
If there are more existing means of production than labor at their disposal, the means of production cannot be fully utilized by labor and cannot be transformed into products. It can be seen that if the allocation of production factors cannot meet the prescriptiveness of quality and quantity, the monetary capital in the purchase stage cannot be effectively transformed, and some production factors will be idle and wasted, resulting in the delay or interruption of the production stage of the enterprise and hindering the realization of surplus value. With the rapid development of CNC technology and automation technology.
Enterprise production is increasingly changing from the traditional "production and sales" model to the flexible production mode of "sales and production", that is, guided by market demand, so as to scientifically determine what to produce, and rationally allocate various production factors according to product characteristics. At the same time, compared with the rigid automated production of traditional manufacturing, enterprises can quickly respond to changes in market demand through flexible production, and quickly switch production, realize the production of a variety of commodities in one production line, avoid or reduce the waste of production factors, and strive to obtain maximum benefits.