The late Han dynasty master judged the hometown examination
Kang Shimin
Trial (?) —204), courtesy name Zhengnan, served under Mu Hanfu of Jizhou at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and early in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and later Yuan Shao led Jizhou, and was appointed as a confidant. After Hebei was pacified, the trial force led Yuan Shao to fight a decisive battle with Cao Cao. During the Guandu War, he reported to Yuan Shao that Xu Yu's family had violated the law, prompting Xu Yu to surrender in anger. After the defeat of Guandu, Yuan Shao died of illness, and the trial and Fengji established Yuan Shang as heir, resulting in the cannibalism of the Yuan brothers, which was defeated by Cao Cao. Cao Cao besieged Yecheng, tried to die for 100 days, and finally the city was captured, refused to surrender, and died generously.
Late Han Dynasty Master Matching
He was a famous adviser under Yuan Shao in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and an important figure in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Throughout the life of the trial, the life deeds are remarkable, and the evaluation has always been mixed. Examining the trial hometown, the ancient records are roughly the same, and the places mentioned by today's people are not the same.
The earliest record of the place of origin of the trial can be found in the famous work "Xianxian Xingzhi" by the early Wei dynasty of the late Han dynasty: "With the character zhengnan, the people of Wei County, the young loyal martyrs are generous, and there are unoffensible sections." Since then, the Western Jin Dynasty historian Chen Shou's "Records of the Three Kingdoms" and the Southern Dynasty historian Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han" have all followed the theory of judging "Wei County people". These are all official historical records about the origin of the trial, which are widely circulated and have great influence, and are mostly cited by later historical classics. It can be seen from this that the origin of the trial is undoubtedly in Wei County. However, the jurisdiction of ancient Wei County is vast, and it is a long time ago, and the construction division is fickle. If there is no conclusive evidence, it is not easy to accurately find where the trial is located in Wei County.
Map of the jurisdiction of Wei County of the Western Han Dynasty
Wei Commandery, the name of an ancient administrative region, was first placed in the 12th year of Emperor Gao of the Western Han Dynasty (195 BC). According to the Book of Han and Geographical Records, Wei County was subordinate to the Jizhou Spur History Department, with jurisdiction over 18 counties including Ye County, Neihuang, Wei County, and Wu'an, and governed Yecheng (present-day Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei), and its jurisdiction was comparable to the border between Hebei, Lu and Yu in the southern part of Handan, Hebei, the northern part of Anyang, Henan, and the western part of Liaocheng, Shandong. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei County still administered fifteen counties, and the territory under its jurisdiction remained largely unchanged. By the time of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, fifteen counties were allocated from the surrounding areas to gain Wei County, and Wei County had a wider jurisdiction. After that, after the Three Kingdoms, the Two Jin Dynasties, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, wars and turmoil continued, and the division of Wei County changed frequently, and it once moved to Xiangzhou. The Tang Dynasty abolished Wei Commandery, and during the Song Dynasty, Wei Prefecture (northeast of present-day Daming County, Hebei) was called Wei Commandery. Since the Jin Dynasty, Wei County has completely withdrawn from the historical stage.
The trial of famous men living in the late Eastern Han Dynasty was only recorded as a native of Wei County, and his origin was too brief, so that it provided a huge imagination space for today's people to verify the trial hometown.
Map of the jurisdiction of Wei County of the Eastern Han Dynasty Ji Prefecture
For a long time, the place of origin of the trial was mostly recorded as Wei County in the history of official Xiuzhi. "Three Kingdoms Zhi Yuan Shao Biography": "With the character zhengnan, the people of Wei County, the young loyal martyrs are generous, and there are festivals that cannot be violated." "Later Hanshu Yuan Shao Biography" "Wei Jun judged and julutianfeng, and he was not interested in Han Fu with integrity. The Northern Song Dynasty's "Taiping Huanyu Ji" Hebei Dao Xiangzhou (present-day Anyang City) article download "Trial, Wei County people". In the Northern Song Dynasty's "Zizhi Tongjian", the Qing Dynasty's "Collection of Ancient and Modern Books" and "The Great Qing Unification Record", as well as the Qing Qianlong's "Zhangde Fuzhi" and the Republic of China's "Daimyofu Zhi", it is recorded that the trial was "Wei County people".
Since modern times, the stories about the trial of characters of the Three Kingdoms have been scattered in many books, and most of them still use the term "Wei County people". However, in the past ten years, individual books on the trial and matching have indeed pointed to it, but there are different opinions.
2007 "Handan Historical Figures" recorded: "Trial, from Linzhang County, Handan City. The basis of "considering the "Linzhang theory" may have always been in the town under the jurisdiction of Linzhang County most of the time, and many elements such as the history and culture of Wei County can be said to be in the same vein and digested and absorbed comprehensively. Therefore, the "Linzhang Theory" in the trial hometown can be based on evidence.
2004 "Handan Dynasty Figures" Qin and Han Dynasty, Trial
The 2010 "Wei County Record" recorded: "Trial, Wei County Wei County people. Perhaps because Wei County belonged to Wei County in the Han Dynasty, it is not an isolated case that Wei County was entered into the county record by Wei County because of his "Wei", which is a bit far-fetched and does not need to be explored.
In 2012, "Illustrating the Three Kingdoms" recorded: "A loyal minister loyal to the two generations of the Yuan family - the judge, born in Ruyang County, Runan County. "I don't know whether this is an errata or a result of some research, because there is no other historical material to support it, it is really isolated evidence, and it will not be discussed."
2016 "Romance of the Three Kingdoms Character Genealogy of the Late Han Dynasty Group" recorded: "Trial, a native of Yin'an, Wei County (present-day Qingfeng Bei, Hebei). Is there any basis for this?
2016 "Romance of the Three Kingdoms Character Genealogy, Late Han Dynasty Group" judged
Through the investigation of the Southern Song Dynasty Hongshi (kuò) "Zhi Shi", it was found that there was an article "Taiwei Chen Qiu Stele and Yin", and in his list of stele Yin donations, there is a record of "the former official Yin An judged [missing two characters] three hundred, and the former official Yin An [lacked] training [missing three characters] thousand". So, is this "Yin An Trial" the trial that later pledged allegiance to the Yuan family and eventually died generously?
Southern Song Dynasty Hongshi "Affiliated Interpretation<陈球碑阴>" volume 10
The Book of the Later Han Chen Qiu recorded: "Chen Qiu, Zi Bozhen, was a native of Huaipu (present-day Lianshui, Jiangsu). Famous throughout the ages. "Chen Qiu, who was born in a family of eunuchs, was first promoted to filial piety, and served as the commander of Fanyang (ruling the northwest of present-day Huang County, Henan), and was famous for government; three taishou (Lingling, Wei Commandery, and Nanyang), quelling the rebellion and not fearing the mighty; Two Qian court lieutenants, two worship Guanglu doctors, promoted to imperial lieutenants, and moved to Yongle Shaofu (one of the three qing), committed Yan Zhizhi, and was repeatedly attacked. He was finally executed at the age of sixty-two for conspiring to kill the eunuch and conspiring to leak it.
According to Hong Shi's "Taiwei Chen Qiu Stele and Yin" and Shiwen Kekao, in the second year of Guanghe of the Eastern Han Dynasty (179), Taiwei Chen Qiu died and was buried in his hometown of Xiaping (in the northwest of present-day Suining County, Jiangsu), and a monument was erected in front of the tomb. Chen Qiu served in the local government, "The people are very much, Nanyang and Lingling go to Xiaping Daoyuan, so the monuments are all the officials of Wei County, and the only people from neighboring counties are also people." "The Yin List of Kao Steles is all arranged by "position (official, civilian), place of origin, name (font size), number of paragraphs", and most of them are Wei County officials, when Chen Qiu served in Wei County, this is consistent with the place of origin and age of the famous gentleman's trial, so the "Yin An Trial Match" contained in the stele is indeed the trial of the late Han Dynasty assisting Yuan, and its place of origin is Wei County Yin An, which can be said to have some evidence, there is no doubt.
The Eastern Han Dynasty's "Taiwei Chen Qiu Stele" (and Yin) is rarely found in documentary records, the Northern Song Dynasty writer Ouyang Xiu's "Wen Zhong Collection" records the text of the stele, and the only stele in the Jinshi family Zhao Mingcheng's "Jinshi Lu" remains. Until the time of Emperor Xiaozong of Song, Hong Shi's "Zhi Shi" was collected in full, providing rare and precious historical materials for future generations.
Hong Shi, a famous minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, ascended the throne at the age of forty-eight. He was quite accomplished in epigraphy, and together with Ouyang Xiu and Zhao Mingcheng, he was known as the three masters of the Song Dynasty. The book "Zhi Shi" first interprets the text according to the inscription, records the full text, and then appends the tail, with arguments, opening up the best example of epigraphy, which has a great influence on later generations. The "Affiliated Interpretation" is rigorously researched, and the inscriptions are missing words one by one, which can be described as true and reliable, and the credibility is high. Therefore, "Yin An Trial" is an important basis for examining the place of origin of the trial.
Location map of Yin'an County, Wei County, Eastern Han Dynasty
Yin'an (英安), changed to Yin'an Marquis Guozhi County in the Western Han Dynasty, belonged to Wei County (魏郡, in present-day Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei). Jin was transferred to Dunqiu County (southwest of present-day Qingfeng County, Henan). In the third year (442) of the Northern Wei Taiping Emperor, it was abolished in Weiguo County (southeast of present-day Qingfeng County, Henan), and restored in the nineteenth year of Taihe (495). Northern Qi waste. The ruins of Yin'an Ancient City are located ten kilometers northwest of present-day Qingfeng County, Henan Province.
To sum up, the late Han dynasty was a native of Yin'an County, Wei County, and his hometown was in the area of Gucheng Township, Qingfeng County, Puyang City, Henan Province.
[References]
[1] [Western Han] Ban Gu, Book of Han, vol. 28 (I), Geography, VIII<魏郡>.
[2] [Western Jin Dynasty] Chen Shou's Records of the Three Kingdoms, vol. 6, < Weishu Yuan Shao's biography>.
[3] [Southern Dynasty Song] Fan Ye, Book of the Later Han, volume 57< Liechuan Chen Qiuchuan>, volume 74< Liechuan Yuan Shaochuan>.
[4] [Southern Dynasty Song] Fan Ye, Book of the Later Han, vol. 110, Zhi 20< Junguo 2, Wei County, Yin Anyi, >.
[5] [Northern Qi] Wei Shu Book 16 (I) Zhi 5 Topography 2 < Sizhou Dunqiu County >.
[6] [Northern Song Dynasty] Le Shi "Taiping Huanyu Ji", volume 55<Hebei Province, Xiangzhou >.
[7] [Northern Song Dynasty] Sima Guang et al., Zizhi Tongjian, vol. <汉纪>652<孝献皇帝>.
[8] [Northern Song Dynasty] Ouyang Xiu's Wenzhong Collection, volume 136< Ancient Lu Wawei San, Later Han Imperial Lieutenant Chen Qiu Stele >.
[9] [Northern Song Dynasty] Zhao Mingcheng, Jinshi Lu, vol. <汉太尉陈球碑>17.
[10] [Southern Song Dynasty] Hong Shi, Book <太尉陈球碑并阴>10.
[11] [Qing] Qianlong's "Records of Zhangde Fu", volume 15< Characters, Loyal Martyrs, and Trial >
[12] [Qing] The Great Qing Dynasty, volume 157< Zhangde Mansion, Characters, and Trial >.
[13] [Qing] Chen Menglei, "Collection of Ancient and Modern Books"< Minglun Compilation Official Changdian Zhongmartyr Department Trial Matching> < Minglun Compilation Clan Scrolls Surname Department Trial >.
[14] [Qing] Gu Zuyu's "Minutes of Reading the History of Fangyu", volume 16<Beizhiqi, Daimyofu, Qingfeng County>.
[15] [Republic of China] Daimyofu Zhi, volume 17< Character History, Township Type, Trial >
[16] [2004] Hao Zaichao, "Characters of Handan Dynasties"< Qin and Han Dynasty, Trial >, Mustang Press.
[17] [2007] Wu Shaomin, Su Jian, Zhao Jinzhao, eds., Dictionary of Henan Historical Sites and Places of Interest< > of Yin'an City Site, Qingfeng County, People's Liberation Army Foreign Voice and Video Publishing House.
[18] [2008] Shi Hejin, Geographical History of Northern Qi, Volume 1< Dunqiu County, Dunqiu County >, Zhonghua Bookstore.
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[20] [2012] edited by Lakesha, Japan; Hu Min, Lu Qian, translated "Illustrating the Three Kingdoms"<审配>, Shaanxi Normal University Press.