Today I began to read the "Shiji", and directly jumped to the biography part of interest, today is mainly Guan Zhong in the "Guan Yan Liebian ". For Guan Zhong, I first knew it through the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang often compares himself to Guan Zhong Leyi, who will like Zhuge Liang's clever calculation, and naturally he is more curious about the Guan Zhong in his mouth.
Later, I saw that Guan Zhong was an excerpt from the "Guan Zhong Liebian " learned in the textbook, mainly to introduce Guan Bao's friendship. In fact, Guan Zhong really showed that he was not a "friend" enough in his relationship with Uncle Bao, greedy for money, and afraid of death, but it was Uncle Bao's performance that was very rare, and he always trusted Guan Zhong's talent.
Guan Bao's hand
Young often travels with Uncle Bao, and Uncle Bao knows his talents. Guan Zhong was poor and often bullied Uncle Bao, but Uncle Bao was finally good and did not think so.
It is no wonder that the later Du Fu will use Guan Bao's friendship to trample on: "If you don't see Guan Bao poor, this way is abandoned like soil today." However, Guan Bao's friendship is not strictly a poor time friend, Guan Zhong's father and Bao Shuya's father are both doctors of Qi State and belong to old colleagues, but later the housekeeper's side of the family is in the middle, so the more mixed and worse, Guan Zhong himself has also been in the army, through business, and has a lot of social experience before becoming the Prime Minister of Qi State.
When I was in trouble, I tasted and shared the wealth and profits with myself, and Uncle Bao did not think of me as greedy, and knew that I was poor.
Guan Zhong's remarks of "Uncle Bao knows me" used to be memorized and silently written, which would look like there were too many hate words, but now when I look at it, I feel that there are too few, and I want to know more and want to know more details. For example, Guan Zhong is engaged in business, what industry he is engaged in, from the perspective of Guan Zhong's economic skills after he became the minister of state, Guan Zhong is very economically savvy, and he himself is also a famous economist in ancient times. Guan Zhong's behavior of "sharing wealth and profits and self-conformity", even if it is put now, is excessive, and there is a bit of "I am poor and I am reasonable" arrogance in it, but I think, since this is said by Guan Zhong, there is inevitably a self-humble part, Bao Uncle Ya may have made a fortune, but Guan Zhong has made more efforts, belonging to the modern kind of "technology to share" talents, others only saw the money from Uncle Bao Ya, ignoring Guan Zhong's hard work in it, not so much that Guan Zhong is "sharing wealth and profits more and self-consuming", but that he is after "the able to work more" There are many who can."
I tried to work for Uncle Bao and became poorer, and Uncle Bao did not think of me as a fool, and knew that the time was advantageous and unfavorable.
This paragraph actually makes me most curious, what kind of "discounted" transaction Guan Zhong did, whether it was a mistake in judgment or some force majeure factor, and it is too general to blame everything on "Shili". Later, it is also said that "three masters and three sights and chases", which should not be the period of Qi Huan Gong, but refers to Guan Zhong's previous career experience. When he was the Duke of Qi, Guan Zhong was already assisting Gongzi Zhuo (at that time, the Duke of Qi Huan was still the son Xiaobai, and the two brothers were the younger brothers of the Duke of Qi Xiang, the son of the Duke of Qi). As for Guan Zhong's "three battles and three walks", could ancient wars be so easy to escape? Or is Guan Zhong not only able to write but also martial arts, but the ancients seem to be indeed both civil and martial, and the six arts of gentlemen also need to learn horseback archery.
Gongzi corrected the defeat, summoned to death, my prisoner was humiliated, Uncle Bao did not regard me as shameless, knowing that I was not ashamed of small flaws and shameful merit was not shown in the world.
This is also the place that touched me the most, Uncle Bao really "understands" Guan Zhong too much, compared to those false names, Guan Zhong is more concerned about the inability to show his talent and ambition to be realized. If Guan Zhong really died like that, his name might not even be in the history books (after all, it was just a failed Gongzi Zhuo's subordinate, even if it was mentioned in the history books, it was only a passing mention), but he survived, and in the next few decades, as Xiangguo, he helped Qi Huangong become a generation of hegemons, and the State of Qi was also under his reform and governance, rich and strong, and truly achieved "meritorious fame in the world".
In the Analects, Zhongzilu asked Confucius about this, saying that "Huan Gong kills Gongzi Zhuo, summons him to death, and Guan Zhong does not die", can this still be considered "benevolence"? Confucius praised Guan Zhong's achievements, "Huan Gong Jiuhe princes, not with military vehicles, Guan Zhong's power." As it gets! As it gets! "Try to save the people from the suffering of "chariot" war, if this cannot be said to be benevolence, what is benevolence!
The parents of those who gave birth to me, and the one who knows me, Bao Ziye.
Just as Lu Xun in the later life lamented that "it is enough to have a confidant in life", Guan Zhong's life, it is really a blessing in life to get such a confidant as Uncle Bao. In particular, Uncle Bao can "enter the pipe and take it under him", which is too rare. Even the poet Immortal Li Bai lamented in the poem that Guan Bao's friendship is "unique in the ages".
Guan Zhong Xiangqi
Guan Zhong served as a political minister, and he was on the seashore with the unity of the district, accumulating wealth through currency, enriching the country and strengthening the army, and sharing the same likes and dislikes as the common people.
As for Guan Zhong's means of governing the country after he became the prime minister, Sima Qian really wrote too little. Only wrote the final result, did not write the specific process, this phrase "the same as the common likes and dislikes" now seems to be very "people-oriented" thinking. Guan Zhong's ability to govern the country, even Confucius, a native of the Lu country, praised him, saying that he was "the Duke of Huan, the prince of the world, and the people have been blessed by him to this day", and even lamented that "Weituan Zhong, I have a left hair."
Cangxi knows etiquette, and food and clothing know honor and disgrace.
These two sentences said by Guan Zhong are so famous that they are still being used continuously, which can be said to be the ancient version of "the economic base determines the superstructure", and the debates about "morality" and "survival" in later generations can be used to kill these two sentences. If you have to let a hungry and cold person not eat "food from the spring" and drink "water from the spring", it is really "why not eat minced meat"...
Knowing it is a treasure of politics.
After seeing Guan Zhong's divine operations of "blessing because of calamity, turning defeat into merit", I was really impressed by his political wisdom. "If you want to take it, you must give it first", Guan Zhong was able to handle diplomacy between princes in this way when the Qi state was powerful, and took the lead in putting forward the slogan of "respecting the king and destroying the country", which is indeed too politically visionary.
Guan Zhongfu intends to be in the office, there are three returns, anti-, Qi people do not think extravagantly.
When I saw this paragraph before, I thought that I was as smart as Guan Zhong, and after success, I would inevitably "covet enjoyment" and get carried away, but later I saw Wang Chui, Xiao He and others' "self-defilement and protection", and felt that this kind of extravagant style was not a kind of political wisdom of Guan Zhong. He can maintain a friendly relationship with Qi Huangong for decades, in addition to Qi Huangong's knowledge and good duties, I believe it is inseparable from Guan Zhong's high emotional intelligence.
Guan Zhong was undoubtedly lucky in this life, knowing himself, meeting the Ming Lord, showing his ambitions, and finally realizing his political ideals, assisting Qi Huangong to become the head of the five hegemons of Spring and Autumn, and was praised as the "first phase of China" by later generations.
#历史开讲 #