In the history of Chinese literature, there is a saying of "three su", which refers to the father and son of Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhi of the Northern Song Dynasty, of which Su Shi has the highest literary achievements. In fact, in addition to the "three sues", there is also the saying of "four sues", so who is the fourth su?
The fourth Su is Su Guo, Su Shi's third son. So what talent does Su Guo have that can be on a par with "Three Su"?
1. "I have lived more than thirty years, and my troubles have been half of my life"
As the son of the world-famous Su Shi, Su Guo actually did not enjoy any benefits. In 1709, Su Shi was framed by political enemies, the Wutai Shi case occurred, and Su Shi was imprisoned in Jingcheng Prison, when Su Guo was only 7 years old and fled to Huzhou with his mother. The pain of his father's wronged grievances and the discriminatory gazes of the people around him all left a deep imprint on the young Su Guo's heart.
Su Shi has been famous all over the world in his life, but there have been many disasters, and he has been degraded again and again since the Wutai poetry case, and Su Guo, who has grown up, always accompanies his degraded father on long journeys, and even throws himself into famine. The "History of Song" recorded, "(Su Shi was degraded) was alone than servant." Whoever needs to be physically cold and hot day and night, he does not know the difficulty. ”
In 1094, Su Shi was demoted to Huizhou, Guangdong, and Su Guo wrote a poem "Traveling with Adults to Luofu Mountain", which contains the following verse, "The sea is not shocking thousands of miles away, and the mountain is fortunate enough to cultivate five acres", which is full of comfort for his wronged father.
In 1097, Su Shi was relegated to Hainan, and Su Guo left his wife and children in Huizhou to live with his brother and sister-in-law, and accompanied his father alone to the more remote Danzhou, Hainan, where he mixed with the Li people who did not understand the language and had different customs.
In 1100, Su Shi was pardoned and returned to Changzhou, and returned to Changzhou in June of the following year, experiencing all the vicissitudes of life, and only a few months after returning from thousands of miles, Su Shi died abruptly, which made Su Guo's brothers sad. The following year, Su Guo's brothers moved their father to Xiaoemei Mountain, Henan County, because Su Shi's last words were cloudy: "Taste the love of the mountain and win its hometown, and then have the intention of the end." In order to guard his father's grave, Su moved to Wei County and lived there for a long time.
In the poem "Sending Brother Boda to Jiahe", Su Guo said: "I have lived more than thirty years, and my troubles have been half of my life..."
2. "Two minds are idle, drunk and not frightened"
Su Guo is gifted and intelligent, he was raised at the age of 19, and he followed his father all his life and was educated by Su Shi, so Su Guo's poetry achievements are great. Su Zhi once praised Su Guo and said, "My brother lives far away on the sea, but he can only achieve this place to be able to write well." ”
However, affected by his father's persecution by political enemies, Su Guo never had the opportunity to enter politics when he was young, and from his father Su Shi, Su Guo also deeply felt the hardships and dangers of the sea, so he gradually developed a calm character and a feeling of retreat.
Su Guo admired Tao Yuanming very much, and planted several acres of yin water bamboo next to Su Shi's tomb in Wei County, known as Xiaoxiechuan, and called himself a Xiechuan resident. He wrote in the Preface to the Poems of the Kosukawa: "Even reading Yuanming... The aberrant poverty is slightly similar, and the evening scene is slightly the same, and the lack of the name of the world. Since then, he has lived a secluded life of poetry and wine to entertain himself and cultivate and teach his son, and it has been ten years.
Su Guo wrote in "The Second Yun Yuan Ming Zheng Yue 5th Day Tour Xie River Rhyme", "Spring is cloudy and thin, and the white stone is overlooking the clear stream. The mind is idle, drunk and not frightened. "It is known as the most profound and elegant work in Su Guo's poems.
However, Su's secluded life was not good, he worked hard and was poor, and he wrote in "Beishan Miscellaneous Poems No. 2", "Lock the door but the wood, bind the salary and ask me ... I was sleepy, and my servants were hungry. ”
III. "Joining the WTO Network, Sitting on the Wall"
After the expiration of his father's funeral, Su Guo could have tried to advance again, but at that time, Cai Jing was in power and did not allow the sons and daughters of Yuanyou's old courtiers to serve in the capital, and Su Guo, despite his worldly talent, was also submerged.
In 1112, at the age of 41, Su Guo was appointed by the imperial court as the tax supervisor of Taiyuan Prefecture, in charge of the collection of commercial taxes in Taiyuan Prefecture. In 1116, Su was appointed to Zhi County of Chengcheng. After 1120, he lived idly in Yingchang. In the summer of 1123, he served as the general judge of Zhongshan Prefecture (deputy governor of the prefecture), and in December he entered Zhenyang (present-day Zhengding County) due to an incident, and died of a sudden illness on the way. After Su Guo's death, he was buried next to Su Shi's tomb in Henan's Wei County.
Judging from Su Guo's experience, his three appearances are actually rising step by step, and I think Su Guo is also quite outstanding in government, benefiting the party for the first term of office, especially for him as a 4-year Zhixian Chengcheng. However, Su entered the career too late and died early, so he did not achieve higher achievements on the career path.
Of course, Su Guo has no intention of being an official, and officialdom is a fetter and cage for him. At the beginning of his career, Su Guo went to Taiyuan to take up his post, and later wrote, "I used to go to Taihang for thousands of miles, and my life was like a reverse journey." For officialdom, his experience is, "I was born on the river and the sea, sex and fish and birds." When he came to join the World Trade Organization, he actually sat on the wreckage. ”
Su Guo's literary achievements are very high, and Su Dongpo once proudly said that "Guo Zi is like a poet". Because of Su Shi's eastern slope, people called Su Shi "Big Slope" and Su Guo "Xiaopo", which was the highest evaluation of Su Guo. But it is a pity that Su Guo's literary achievements are covered by Su Shi's huge aura and are not known to the world.