With the promotion of health care, more and more people have begun to pay attention to their bodies. When conditions permit, it is recommended that everyone arrange a physical examination once a year, of course, some people will also reject the physical examination, because there is no discomfort in the body, but the disease is detected during the physical examination.

Most people will find that there is a small problem in their body - ×× nodules, what does this mean? Will it become cancerous in the end? Let's analyze it in detail, of course, we also hope that everyone can develop good habits, which will help maintain the stability of hormones in the body and the normal operation of various organ functions.

【1】Thyroid nodules

Thyroid nodules refer to local lesions formed by abnormal growth of cells in the originally normal thyroid gland, and thyroid nodules are the most common diseases of the endocrine system, with an incidence of up to 50% in people over 60 years old.

Clinically, thyroid nodules are very common, but the cause of thyroid nodules has not been fully understood, and most of them are believed to be closely related to autoimmune system disorders, improper intake of iodine in the family and exposure to radioactive substances.

Although the detection rate of thyroid nodules is high, most of them are benign and only 7%~15% are malignant, and the most common diagnostic results for thyroid nodules are: visible partial coarse calcification.

When seeing the word "calcification", many patients will mistakenly think that calcification means "malignant mass". Thyroid calcification is a calcium deposition due to a variety of causes and is not necessarily a worsening.

First: most patients with nodules have no obvious symptoms in the early stage, only hard painless masses appear in the thyroid gland, the surface is uneven, the growth rate is fast, the shape is irregular, the mobility is poor, and the later stage can grow rapidly and appear hoarseness, dysphagia, dyspnea and other compression symptoms, regional lymph node swelling or distant metastasis.

Two: the disease of patients with nodules develops slowly, goiter can be asymmetrical, nodules are hard and widely adhered and fixed with adjacent tissues outside the gland, local dull pain and tenderness, accompanied by obvious compression symptoms, but local lymph nodes are not enlarged, more common in middle-aged women.

Three: with the onset of patients glandular nodules are more urgent, fever, sore throat and one or both goiter and harder, thyroid nodules size, single or multiple, hard texture local pain, and often radiate to the ear, occipital, accompanied by significant pain and tenderness of the thyroid body.

Four: single or multiple different sizes are found on the thyroid body, round or oval, smooth surface, non-adhesion with the surroundings, can move up and down with swallowing, the texture is slightly harder than the normal gland, no adhesion and no tender lump, can maintain the original state for a long time or grow slowly.

Five: early thyroid mild enlargement, soft, no symptoms, with the enlargement of the gland, nodules, swelling can appear compression symptoms, but thyroid function is normal, the age of onset is generally 40~50 years old or above, the incidence of women is higher than that of men, long history, often combined with heart disease.

Six: The nodules in the thyroid gland and the surrounding thyroid tissue are clearly demarcated, the diameter is generally 3~4CM, the nodule is hard, the hardness can exceed the solid tumor, the small cyst is generally asymptomatic, and the huge cyst can produce compression symptoms.

【2】Pulmonary nodules

Pulmonary nodules are round or oval, opaque, and no more than 3 cm in diameter and surrounded by lung parenchyma on chest CT scan. About 20% of people over 40 years old in China can find lung nodules, which is about 100 million or more, but only 5%-10% are lung cancer.

Lung damage, prone to nodules, benign lung small nodules are generally regular, clear boundaries, slow growth, most of these nodules are caused by pulmonary fibrosis after virus infection.

Malignant lung nodules grow rapidly, the boundaries are blurred, ground-glass burrs, satellite-like and other changes, mainly due to smoking, lung fungal infection, family history, long-term exposure to asbestos, beryllium, uranium, radon and other pollution of the environment, among which smoking is considered to be the highest risk factor for malignant risk of small lung nodules.

If it is judged that the nodule has no malignant manifestations, follow-up is the mainstay, and lung CT is performed every 3 months. If there is no abnormality for more than one year, it can be adjusted to once every 6 months; If there is no change within two years, it can generally be regarded as benign, and it will be reviewed once a year.

1. Persistent irritating dry cough: patients with pulmonary nodules generally have cough symptoms, mostly no sputum or less sputum, if the cough is aggravated in normal times, and it is a persistent dry cough, it should be paid attention to and treated in time.

2. Frequent dyspnea: pulmonary nodules are mainly in the lungs with circular or irregular lesions, when the nodules in the lungs are large, they may compress the large bronchi, and there may be mouth breathing, respiratory rhythm changes, dyspnea.

3. Persistent chest pain: when suffering from pulmonary nodules, there are generally symptoms of chest pain, manifested as fixed pain sites, mainly shoulders and armpits, because most lung nodules will have symptoms of cough, and when coughing more, it will also stimulate the chest cavity, causing persistent chest pain.

【III】Breast nodules

Strictly speaking, breast nodules are not a disease, but a phenomenon on medical imaging. Breast hyperplasia and breast neoplastic diseases, including breast fibromas, lobulated tumors, breast cancer, etc., lead to the growth of breast nodules.

According to the "2021 Chinese Women's Breast Health Pink Report", the detection rate of nodules in breast ultrasound was the highest, at 25.68%. More than 90% are benign, and only 5%~10% of patients are pathologically diagnosed as malignant after surgery, and it is recommended to recheck every three months or half a year.

According to Dr. He Jianjun of the Department of Breast Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, breast nodules are more common in women of childbearing age, and are mostly related to endocrine disorders caused by mood swings, work pressure, living habits, etc., and lead to normal structural disorders of the breast due to unbalanced hormone secretion.

1. Breast tenderness

Unilateral or bilateral breast tenderness or tenderness is common. The course of the disease varies from 2 months to several years, and most patients are characterized by cyclic pain, which occurs or worsens during the premenstrual period and decreases or disappears after menstruation. It must be noted that although the periodicity of breast pain is a typical manifestation of this disease, the absence of this feature does not negate the presence of lesions.

2. Breast lump

Early symptoms of breast nodules are often multiple, unilateral or bilateral, with more common in the outer upper quadrant; And the size and texture often change periodically with menstruation, the premenstrual mass enlarges, the texture is harder, and the postmenstrual lump shrinks, the texture is tough but not hard.

On palpation, the lump can be palpable with a nodular structure, varying in size, unclear boundaries with surrounding tissues, more tender, no adhesions to the skin and deep tissues, can be pushed, and the axillary lymph nodes are not enlarged.

Is fish meat a "talisman" for nodules?

People with thyroid nodules can eat freshwater fish and less saltwater fish because the amount of iodine in saltwater fish is too high. Iodine is the raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, and excessive iodine has a stimulating effect on the nodules that have been formed by the thyroid gland, which can easily lead to faster growth of nodules, which is not conducive to patients.

But most thyroid nodules are benign, accounting for about 80%. The content of protein in freshwater fish is extremely rich, which belongs to high-quality protein, and its content is about 14%~18%. Therefore, eating more fish is less fat than eating lean pork, beef, and mutton, which is extremely beneficial to patients.

Fish contains very high nutrients, but you have to be sure that you are buying healthy fish, because there are many heavy metals on the market today, most of which are obtained by abnormal fishing, although the price is relatively cheap, but so far there is no benefit to the body.

There is also a recommendation that everyone do not eat grilled fish or fried fish, etc., because this oxygen will produce carcinogens, which will also increase the risk of body cancer, people who love fish are best to choose the way of steaming and stewing, which helps to maintain the nutrients of food and also helps to reduce the risk of lesions.

Whether it is thyroid nodules or breast nodules, the temptation is lung nodules, etc., you can eat fish with confidence, fish contains very rich DHA, which can meet nutritional needs. And it is very rich in high-quality protein, and the fat content is relatively low, which will not make people obese.

Director of Internal Medicine: I don't want nodules to become cancerous, so I do 6 things less

1, drink less loose tea, the effect is not obvious, brewing tea and drinking health care is no problem, but counting on drinking tea to disperse knots, it is impossible, so don't spend that unjust money, want to disperse, or go through professional doctors to distinguish and adjust the prescription of medicine.

2. Less massage nodules, nodules are superficial, often pressed easy to stimulate the nodules and surrounding blood vessels, resulting in faster nodules growth. Ordinary people simply do not know how to knead, blind kneading will only promote the nodules to get bigger and bigger, especially breast nodules.

3, less angry, whether it is thyroid nodules, breast nodules, or lung nodules are closely related to emotions, it is recommended that everyone must learn to release their own pressure, maintain a happy attitude, and help maintain hormone stability in the body.

4. Stay up less late, stay up late for a long time to make the healthy qi deficiency, immune dysfunction, and aggravate anxiety, which is a vicious circle. A good night's sleep helps to activate the autoimmune system and also helps the disease to improve.

5. Reduce overeating, try to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, ensure high-quality nutrition, material intake, and it is not recommended that everyone eat pickled food, spicy and stimulating food and seafood food. No matter what disease is detected, you should follow your doctor's advice to adjust your diet.

6, less smoking and drinking, smoking and drinking itself to the human body brought harm is very serious, which contains harmful substances seriously exceed the range of the human body, smoking and drinking to the human body harm is cumulative, after finding out the nodules should immediately quit smoking and alcohol.