With the Lunar New Year approaching, 2 billion people have migrated on a large scale, the largest since 2019. Increased mobility, more people returning, more family and friends reunions and more travel, will inevitably increase the risk of new respiratory infections.
The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention issued information suggesting that during the Spring Festival in 2023, infectious diseases with relatively high risks in mainland China include novel coronavirus infection and seasonal influenza.
Patients who have been infected with the new crown virus before, soon after the new crown recovery turned negative, they developed high fever, muscle aches, cough and other symptoms, which is easy to think of whether they have recovered, or are they reinfected? The answer is not, after the attack of the new coronavirus, they may have been infected with the flu virus again.
After Yangkang, we are at greater risk of contracting the flu virus. In particular, both are mainly respiratory symptoms, and very similar, the flu hidden under the new crown may be ignored, the neglected influenza is not weaker than the new crown for the aggravation and progression of the underlying disease, so we must do a good job of parallel prevention and treatment of the two.
Lianhua Qingwen capsules/granules are innovative Chinese medicines for the treatment of viral respiratory infectious diseases developed under the guidance of medical network disease theory, with the function of "clearing and detoxifying, releasing lung heat". Pharmacodynamic studies have shown that Lianhua Qingwen has broad-spectrum antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, cough and phlegm, regulate immunity, improve the body's anti-disease rehabilitation ability and other effects, and has become a representative Chinese proprietary medicine for the treatment of a variety of respiratory infectious diseases, and has been included in the diagnosis and treatment plan or guideline consensus for infectious public health events such as influenza A, influenza B, and new coronary pneumonia issued by the Health Commission and the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for more than 30 times.
Lianhua Qingwen has a broad-spectrum antiviral effect
According to the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Lianhua Qingwen can multi-link anti-influenza A virus H3N2, which has the effects of comprehensive inhibition, prevention of virus adsorption, inhibition of replication and proliferation after virus adsorption, and direct killing of viruses. Mo Hongying et al. used different methods of therapeutic administration and prophylactic administration to determine the in vitro inhibition of A(H3N2) virus by Lianhua Qingwen and its time-sensitive relationship, all of which showed a good effect of inhibiting A(H3N2) virus, and the effect of preventive medication in inhibiting virus proliferation was the most significant.
The Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, used three different delivery methods: pretreatment, co-treatment and post-treatment, to confirm that Lianhua Qingwen could prolong the average survival time of H1N1-infected mice, reduce the lung index of infected mice, and reduce the inflammatory lesions of lung tissues. Another study found that Lianhua Qingwen capsules have a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect on a series of influenza viruses, including H7N9, and regulate the immune response of virus infection. Fan Gaowei et al. showed that Lianhua Qingwen could improve the symptoms of cough and dyspnea in mice with influenza A H1N1 viral pneumonia, significantly reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue, alleviate edema and congestion, enhance the immune function of mice, reduce the level of inflammation, and protect the role of mouse lung tissue.
In addition, the study confirmed that Lianhua Qingwen significantly inhibited influenza virus FM1 and parainfluenza virus, and effectively inhibited respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), enterovirus 71 (EV71), and coxsackievirus. Mo Hongying et al. confirmed that Lianhua Qingwen regulates inflammatory cytokine expression to reduce lung inflammation damage caused by FM1 influenza virus. Ding Yuewen et al. showed that Lianhua Qingwen could reduce the level of pulmonary virus and inflammatory cytokine levels in mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) virus BALB/c. Through in vitro cell studies, it was found that Lianhua Qingwen could inhibit the proliferation of different strains of influenza viruses such as H1N1, H3N2, H6N2, H9N2 and H7N9 in vitro, and inhibit the nuclear output of viral nucleocapsid protein in infected cells. Early intervention (0~2h) can block viral infection, inhibit virus-induced NF-kB (kappa-light chain enhancement of nuclear factor-activated B cells), and reduce the expression of virus-induced IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and monocyte chemotaxis-1 (MCP-1) in a dose-dependent manner, confirming that Lianhuaqingwen has a broad-spectrum anti-influenza A virus effect.
The latest research by the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University confirmed that the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Lianhua Qingwen on the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-induced cytopathies was 411.2μg/mL, and when the administration concentrations were 150, 300 and 600μg/mL, it significantly inhibited the expression of SARS-CoV-2 virus, which was dose-dependent and inhibited the formation of vacuum-infected cells. It was confirmed that Lianhua Qingwen significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 virus activity in vitro. The results showed that Lianhua Qingwen inhibited intracellular virus expression and changed the morphology of intracellular virus, which confirmed that Lianhuaqingwen could inhibit intracellular virus replication.
In addition, the Institute of Medical Laboratory Animals of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences confirmed that mice infected with the new coronavirus model group experienced weight loss after infection, with an average decline percentage of up to 5.75%. Compared with the model group, the body weight of mice in the Lianhua Qingwen group on the 3rd and 5th days after infection could significantly inhibit the weight loss of animals (P<0.01). Moreover, compared with the model group, the inflammatory lesions of lung tissue in the Lianhua Qingwen group were improved to a certain extent, suggesting that Lianhua Qingwen had a certain effect on the inflammatory damage and clinical symptoms of the lungs of the new crown model mice.
Lianhua Qingwen has bacteriostatic effect
Lianhua Qingwen can effectively inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, influenza bacillus, pneumococcus, etc., and inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis methicillin-resistant strains.
Studies by the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University showed that Lianhua Qingwen could inhibit severe pneumonia secondary to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus secondary to influenza A virus (A/PR/8/34), inhibit the expression of adhesion factors of lung epithelial cells caused by viral superimposed bacterial infection, inhibit the expression of various pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α), and reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells.
Further research by the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University found that superinfection with the non-lethal dose of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) after the non-lethal dose of influenza virus (H1N1) was equally fatal in mice, which confirmed the severity of secondary infection. At the same time, the alleviating effect of Lianhua Qingwen on lung injury caused by H1N1 secondary Staphylococcus aureus infection was confirmed, and the results suggested that Lianhua Qingwen may have a good therapeutic effect on influenza secondary bacterial infection diseases.
Lianhua Qingwen has an anti-inflammatory effect
Lianhua Qingwen can inhibit lung infection and inflammation caused by various pathogenic factors. Lianhua Qingwen can effectively inhibit the expression of various histiocytes inflammatory factors in FM1 virus infected mice, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-13 (IL-13), etc. Cui Wenwen et al. found that Lianhua Qingwen inhibited the IKK/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, improved the expression of alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary vascular endothelial cell connexin, and alleviated lung tissue damage. It can inhibit xylene-induced ear swelling, carrageenan-induced rat foot swelling, and reduce acetic acid-induced abdominal capillary permeability in mice.
Xu Ning et al. confirmed that Lianhua Qingwen reduced the levels of alveolar lavage fluid and serum IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in rats exposed to PM2.5 acutely, and had antagonistic effects on lung inflammatory injury caused by acute exposure to PM2.5 suspension. Studies on lung injury in mice caused by automobile exhaust gas exposure showed that Lianhua Qingwen inhibited the aggregation of neutrophils in airways and lung tissues by reducing the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-12, IL-13 and TNF-α in lung tissue, and improved the pathological damage of lung tissue. Li Qi et al. confirmed through in vitro and in vivo experiments that Lianhua Qingwen can reduce the level of pathological inflammatory damage and block the disease progression of acute lung injury (ALI) model animals by reducing the expression of MCP-1 and the chemotaxis and recruitment of mononuclear macrophages in lung infection foci.
Lei Zhang et al. confirmed that Lianhua Qingwen 0.42g/kg can reduce the content of MCP-1 in rat radioactive lung injury tissue, inhibit the aggregation of macrophages into injured lung tissue, inhibit the release of the main inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in the lung tissue and serum of rats with acute radiation lung injury, thereby reducing the inflammatory response of acute radiation lung injury and alleviating the symptoms of acute radiation lung injury in rats.
Xu Ning et al. confirmed that the doses of 2, 4 and 8g/kg of Lianhua Qingwen could reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and TNF- in rats with acute exposure to pulmonary inflammatory injury caused by acute exposure to PM2.5, and had antagonistic effects on lung inflammatory injury.
Han Shuzhi et al. confirmed that the doses of 2, 4 and 8g/kg of Lianhua Qingwen reduced serum IL-17 and pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) levels in rats with acute exposure to PM2.5 and lung injury, which also confirmed that Lianhua Qingwen had a protective effect on lung injury.
Xia Jingwen et al. replicated the rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by cigarette smoking method, and the content of IL-8 and TNF-α in serum, lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the LHQW treatment group was significantly reduced.
Chen Zhili found that Lianhua Qingwen significantly reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), troponin (cTnI), NT-N terminal forebrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly increased, and neutrophil accumulation in pulmonary embolic tissue significantly decreased 1, 2, 4 and 8 h after treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) rabbits. Lianhua Qingwen helps to reduce the level of inflammation in APE rabbits, improve arterial blood gas and hemodynamic indicators, and reduce myocardial damage.
The Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Wuhan University, confirmed that Lianhua Qingwen reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice by inhibiting p53-mediated apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells. Xu Ping et al. showed that Lianhua Qingwen capsules improved intestinal mucosal barrier damage and reduced intestinal wall immune response by restoring the α diversity of intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria levels in mice with viral pneumonia, thereby reducing bacterial metabolites (LPS) entering the lungs, activating LPS/TLR4/NF-kB and LPS/TLR4/apoptosis pathways, thereby reducing the excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines and promoting the clearance of lung viruses.
Lianhua Qingwen has antipyretic, cough and phlegm effects
Zhang Qinghong et al. used the model of fever caused by Escherichia coli endotoxin in rabbits to measure the changes of body temperature at different times after administration. ResultsLianhua Qingwen could inhibit the increase in body temperature caused by intravenous injection of E. coli endotoxin at the ear margin of rabbits, and the cooling effect could last for more than 6 hours. At the same time, the results of the medicinal effect of Lianhua Qingwen showed that it had antipyretic effect on the fever of rabbits caused by intravenous injection of the ear margin of triple bacteria seedlings (typhoid fever, paratyphoid A and paratyphoid fever), and the cooling effect could last for about 5 hours, which could prolong the incubation period of cough induced cough in mice with ammonia, reduce the number of coughs, and also reduce the number of coughs induced by guinea pig citrate, and also increase the amount of phenol red excretion in the tracheal segment of mice, thereby diluting sputum and facilitating discharge.
Lianhua Qingwen has an immunomodulating effect
Studies have shown that Lianhuaqingwen can enhance the delayed hypersensitivity of hydrocortisone-induced immunocompromised model mice, and improve the peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis function and serum hemolysin antibody levels in cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised model mice. At the same time, it has an immunomodulatory effect on the body infected with the virus, increases the expression level of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ T cells after FM1 infection, and increases the level of γ-IFN in lung tissue after mouse influenza virus. Network pharmacology studies have explored the correlation between its ingredients and their pharmacodynamic effects, and confirmed that Lianhua Qingwen mainly treats new coronary pneumonia by improving human immunity and inhibiting inflammatory pathways such as FcεRI, ERBB, mapk.
Basic research on pharmacodynamic substances of Lianhua Qingwen
Professor Wu Caisheng of Xiamen University and Professor Chai Yifeng of Naval Medical University have made new progress in the research of pharmacological active ingredients in the prevention and treatment of new coronary pneumonia in Lianhua Qingwen, based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and intelligent non-targeted data mining and new angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) biochromatography technology, successfully identified 85 related components of Lianhuaqingwen in vivo, among which amygdalin, wild cherry acid, glycyrrhizic acid, forsythoside A, forsythoside I, chryshanic acid, aloe emodin, etc. have affinity with ACE2. Through the activity inhibition of mexorexate reductase (SPR), ACE2 activity and molecular docking experiments, it was found that rheb acid, forsythoside A, forsythoside I, neochlorogenic acid and their isomers all had high inhibitory effect on ACE2. These compounds can exert synergistic therapeutic effects by blocking the binding of the novel coronavirus S protein to ACE2 and inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 on the surface of the novel coronavirus S protein-ACE2 complex.
Studies from the Department of Basic Medical Pharmacology of Changchun University have shown that Lianhua Qingwen regulates the expression of IL-6 through the AGE-RAGE pathway, which can significantly inhibit the LPS-induced inflammatory response. Further research on the pharmacodynamic substance base of the main active ingredients in Lianhua Qingwen was found to be able to stably bind to the β subunit of IL-6 receptor and have the potential effect of activating IL-6 receptor by coronavirus S protein (Spike protein) that blocks SARS-Cov-2, suggesting that the effect of Lianhua Qingwen in regulating immune anti-new coronavirus may be related to the activation of the IL6R/IL6/IL6ST pathway activated by the active ingredient.
The results showed that Hypericin, rutin and Lotin E were the most likely inhibitors of the main proteases of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the active ingredient-gene target-pathway network was constructed, confirming that Lianhua Qingwen mainly treated new coronary pneumonia by improving human immunity and inhibiting inflammatory pathways such as FcεRI, ErbB, and MAPK.
As a brand proprietary Chinese medicine for the treatment of viral respiratory diseases developed under the guidance of the theory of medical networking, Lianhua Qingwen has been included in the authoritative guidelines or consensus on the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases more than 20 times since its launch, and has become a representative proprietary Chinese medicine for coping with respiratory public health events caused by viruses. Lianhua Qingwen is playing an increasingly important role in the fight to protect people's respiratory health.
Source: Sina.com