Spiny-breasted frog mimics ecological breeding technology
Xiang Shixiong and others
Changyang Tujia Autonomous County is rich in mountain stream streams and rivers resources, in order to fully develop and utilize this advantageous resource scientifically and reasonably, and actively guide the development of special aquaculture industry of spiny-breasted frog, we began to carry out research and technical demonstration of imitation ecological breeding technology of spiny-breasted frog in Changyang bull horn tip stone frog farm in 2021, and achieved good results, and summarized the technical points as follows:
1. Materials and methods
1. Water conditions
The farm is located in Wuhe Village, Duzhenwan Town, Changyang County, at an altitude of 900m, with good vegetation, convenient transportation and quiet environment. The farm uses the spring water of Xiangshixi Mountain, a tributary of the Qingjiang River, with clear water quality, pH of 7.1~8.4, dissolved oxygen of 7.0~8.5mg/L, and no sediment and muddy water during the flood season. The water temperature is 6~27 °C, the water temperature is 18~25 °C for 150 days, there are no large docks and factories around, and it is not affected by farmland non-point source pollution and flash floods.
2. Breeding workshop
The farm is built with a factory breeding car room of 1500m 2, and the workshop roof adopts a steel frame structure, using some transparent tiles, and introducing an appropriate amount of sunlight. The breeding workshop is divided into parent pond, hatchery pond, tadpole pond and adult frog pond. All kinds of frog ponds are made of brick, cement plastering, rectangular, the bottom of the pool is slightly inclined, the bottom of the pool is soil, the pool is equipped with water surface, land, stone caves, food platform, aquatic plants, aquatic plants choose calamus and water peanuts. In addition to the hatchery pond, the inlet pipe is installed above the various frog ponds, and drainage holes are opened at the lowest point.
(1) The frog pond has a total of 200m2, a single area of 20m2, a rectangular cement pool of 4m×5m, the depth of the pool is about 0.8m, and the water storage can be about 0.3m. There is a small amount of soft mud and aquatic plants at the bottom of the pool. Foam overwintering nests are set up on the walls of the pond for parents to overwinter. There is a certain amount of land around and in the middle of the pond for the broodstock frogs to inhabit and feed, and the ratio of water to land area is 1:1. Vegetables are planted on land, and calamus grass is transplanted in the pond to facilitate the concealment and perching of broodstock frogs, and the breeding period is set in the pool to reproduce the ovary.
(2) The incubation pond has a total of 80m2, a single area of 4m2, a square cement pool of 2m×2m, a depth of about 1.2m, and a water storage capacity of about 1.0m. The incubation pond has water inlet at the bottom of the pool, drainage from the pool surface, and circulating water pipes and aeration devices at the bottom of the pond. Located between the broodstock frog pond and the tadpole pond for easy turning. The incubator is placed in the incubator. The incubator can be sewn with 40~60 mesh sieve silk cloth, the size is 0.8m×0.8m, the incubator is open type, the height of the box is 50cm, and the steel frame is fixed.
(3) Tadpole pool 320m2, single area 8m2, 2m×4m rectangular cement pool, pool depth about 0.6m, water storage about 0.3m: tadpole pool is cement wall soil pool. Place bamboo curtains in the pool for young frogs to land. , and left on land, a small amount of water peanuts are planted in the water. Tadpole pools are closed with steel mesh sheets to prevent escape.
(4) Adult frog pond 900m 2, adult frog pond construction structure is the same as parent pool.
3. Parental placement
(1) Parental source: The parent came from the Stone Frog Prince Ecological Farm in Mengnong Township, Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, with a parental specification of about 300g, a number of 300, and a male-female ratio of 2:1. The parent frog is accompanied by a quarantine certificate of the origin of the seedling, is disease-free and uninjured, and is full of energy.
(2) Parent transportation and stocking: Parents were purchased in mid-September 2020, and the parent frog stopped eating for 3 days before shipment. The transport container is a foam box, when packing, an ice pack is placed at the bottom of the box, and then a layer of water weeds is laid, and the parent frog is put into a small gauze bag, 1 per bag, and then put into the box, and each bag is also separated by water grass and filled with a layer of water weed, and finally the box is folded and covered tightly. Sprinkle water every 5 hours during transportation to keep the frog moist. After the parents are transported to the farm, open the lid of the box, adjust the temperature in the box, and when the water temperature difference of the farm is zero, soak and disinfect with 3‰ salt water for 30 minutes, and finally put the seed frog into the parent pond, and the stocking density is: 1 female frog/1m2, male frog/2m2.
4. Breeding management
15 days before the frog goes down the pool, disinfect the pool with quicklime. After the brood frog is in the pool, feeding the bait begins after 5 days. The feed of the parent frog is self-breeding mealworms and earthworms, the daily feeding amount of the parent frog before wintering is 8%~10% of body weight, the daily feeding amount of the parent frog after wintering is 5%~6% of body weight, and the feeding amount is 7%~8% of body weight 1~2 months after spawning, depending on the water temperature, weather, and feeding conditions. Feeding is fixed at 6 a.m. and 7 p.m. every day, and after 2 hours of feeding, the feeding situation is observed and the residue is removed in time.
In April ~ May, micro-flow stimulation, dripping sound stimulation, and frog sound stimulation are used to promote parental hugging and spawning. Place the ovaries, collect the fertilized eggs regularly, place them in the incubator for incubation, the density is about 3000 grains/m2, pick out the unfertilized eggs in time, monitor the water temperature and dissolved oxygen, adjust the inlet and drainage and aeration amount according to the dissolved oxygen, and ensure that the incubation dissolved oxygen is above 8mg/L. When parents begin to lay eggs, the tadpole pool is disinfected with quicklime, the water temperature is 25 °C for about two weeks to hatch tadpoles, the tadpoles are transferred to the tadpole pool on time, and the small tadpoles that have just hatched out of the membrane are nourished by incubating yellow sacs within 4~5 days, and the brooding yellow is consumed before starting to feed. The initial bait was rotifers and egg yolks, and gradually domesticated to feed frogs with special compound feed.
Around 2 months, it metamorphoses into a young frog. Around August, the transfer to adult frog ponds begins. During the breeding period, regularly disinfect with povidone-iodine, and do a good job of preventing escape at the inlet and drainage.
Make management records every day, record in detail the weather, water temperature, daily feeding amount, feeding growth, disease prevention and treatment and death, so as to scientifically feed and summarize experience.
II. Results
In September 2020, all the young frogs were transferred to the adult frog pond, and 200 groups of parents laid a total of 240,000 eggs, 198,000 fertilized eggs, 150,000 hatched tadpoles, and 130,000 young frogs. The spawn production was 1200 grains/piece, the fertilization rate was 82.5%, the hatchability rate was 75.8%, and the tadpole-to-juvenile survival rate was 80%.
3. Discussion and analysis
1. Good benefits of spiny-breasted frog breeding The spiny-breasted frog is a provincial aquatic wild protected animal, and it is necessary to apply for aquatic wild animal domestication and breeding license and operation and utilization license for breeding. The meat of the spiny-breasted frog is tender and delicious, the protein content is as high as 60%, the fat content is only 0.9%, basically cholesterol-free, in line with modern people's healthy consumption habits, the market is in short supply, the price is stable at about 160 yuan / kg, as long as the breeding technology is mastered, the breeding cost is about 50 yuan / kg, and the profit is high.
2. Imitation ecological breeding of spiny-breasted frog The first key point is that the farm imitates the ecological environment, the closer the water temperature, water quality and water flow are to the natural environment where the spiny-breasted frog grows, the higher the success rate of breeding; The second key point is the cultivation of parents, the introduction time of parents is September of the first year, before wintering, cultivation, adapt to the site environment, use mealworms, earthworms after wintering, parental gonads mature well.
3. Spiny-breasted frog breeding to prevent escape and invasion The breeding workshop is closed and managed, and the inlet and drainage outlet are prevented from escaping. At the same time, rats, snakes, cats and other animals have huge damage losses, especially in the juvenile stage, and prevention work needs to be done.
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