As we all know, after Qin Shi Huang established the Qin Dynasty, China ushered in the first unified dynasty. Although the reign of the Qin Dynasty was only a short fifteen years, the high concentration of power allowed future generations to see the dignity and majesty of imperial power.
For more than a thousand years, all rulers repeated the cause of Qin Shi Huang, and it can be said that the Qin Dynasty opened the prelude to the centralization of power on the mainland. It is worth mentioning that in the "Shiji Xiangyu Benji", there was such a sentence:
"Although there are three families in Chu, the death of Qin will be Chu"
So, why does the Chu State have such a deep hatred for the Qin State? What are the three households referred to by the "three households" mentioned in this sentence? Today let's talk about the story.
The establishment of the State of Chu
In the TV series "The Legend of Miyue", although Miyue is the princess of the State of Chu, she is ostracized among the nobles of the State of Chu.
After becoming the concubine of King Huiwen of Qin, Mi Yue was also walking on thin ice in the State of Qin, but with her resolute character, she eventually became Empress Dowager Xuan and became a strong woman with an extremely far-reaching influence on the State of Qin.
Zhaoxiang's mother Churen, surnamed Qi, was called Empress Dowager Xuan.
The ups and downs of the plot of this TV series, coupled with the superb acting skills of the actors, make people have a deeper understanding of that turbulent history.
However, a question also arises, since the State of Qin and the State of Chu are married, why does the State of Chu always have a deep resentment towards the State of Qin?
To explain this issue clearly, we must start with the development history of the two countries.
After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, King Wu of Zhou implemented a system of division and sealing of the world, dividing the land among the various princes. Most of these people were members of the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty, so the state they established was called the state surnamed Ji.
Only a few princes obtained the status of founding heroes or nobles of the previous dynasty, and naturally they were particularly wary of these princes, and such princes naturally could not obtain the qualifications to enter the core of power.
With the changes of the times, Zhou Tianzi's binding force on the princes became weaker and weaker, and when etiquette collapsed, the law of the jungle became a new social order.
As a result, whether it was the country surnamed Ji or the princes with other surnames, they began to develop their own strength in order to stand out in the competition of princes.
The trail of the king is extinguished
In the process of King Wu's felling, the ancestor of the State of Chu judged the situation and sided with the Zhou Dynasty and gave great support to King Wu of Zhou in the war, so after the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, the State of Chu was regarded as a feudal state with the same status as the princely states of the Central Plains.
However, due to its remote location, the Chu Kingdom did not accept the indoctrination of the Central Plains rites, and many things still retained its original customs and habits. This huge generation gap made it difficult for the State of Chu and the princes of the Central Plains to get along harmoniously, and the princely states of the Central Plains also had many exclusions of the State of Chu.
The princes of the former Wang Alliance Yu Qiyang, Chu as Jing Man... Keeping fire with Xianbei, so not with alliance.
During the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, with its vast land area and strong national strength, he openly broke away from the hierarchy set up by Zhou Tianzi and established himself as king.
That is to say, when other princely states were called "dukes", the monarchs of the Chu state regarded themselves as "kings", which shows that in the eyes of the Chu state, the princely states of the Central Plains could not be compared with themselves at all.
The rise and fall of the Qin state
Compared with the State of Chu, the establishment of the State of Qin was much more low-key. At the beginning of the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, the Qin people did not divide the Qin state, and by the time of King Xiao of Zhou, the ancestor of the Qin people, Qin Feizi, was given a piece of land by King Xiao of Zhou because of his meritorious horse breeding, and this land was where the dream of the Qin state began.
However, this land was only a fief given to Qin Feizi by King Xiao of Zhou, and it was too early to call it a state. Soon an unexpected change turned things upside down, and it was in this change that the Qin State got the opportunity to establish a state.
In 771 BC, after more than 300 years of changes, the Zhou Dynasty also began to show signs of decline. And the reigning King of Zhou You at that time was even more absurd Son of Heaven, and under his rule, the Zhou Dynasty was unsurprisingly dealt a fatal blow.
The ghost king died after the death, and the royal family ruled many evils, and the princes or the sidelines.
In order to win a smile, King Zhou You staged a realistic version of the story of "the wolf is coming", but when Marquis Shen and the Inujung tribe attacked Haojing, none of the princes came to the rescue, and King Zhou You was eventually killed under Lishan Mountain, and Western Zhou perished.
After quelling the foreign invasion, King Ping of Zhou decided to move the capital east to Luoyi in order not to have the same incident in the future, and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty began, along with the Eastern Zhou and the Qin state.
After successfully moving the capital, King Ping of Zhou gave all the land west of Qishan to the Duke of Qin Xiang, and officially classified it among the princes, and the state of Qin was formally established.
In fact, this practice of King Zhou Ping was nothing more than to set up a shield for himself to block the invasion of the dogs, and Qin Xiangzheng was this shield.
Not only that, although the State of Qin nominally obtained a large area of fertile land, these lands were basically within the sphere of influence of the Inujung tribe, and in order to actually obtain this land, the Qin State needed to snatch it back from the hands of the Inujung tribe on its own.
Rong Wudao, encroaching on the land of Qi and Feng, Qin can attack Rong, that is, there is a land.
Despite the arduous task, in order to achieve better development, the State of Qin constantly fought with the Inujung tribe, and finally obtained the ownership of the land after all the hardships, and at the same time accumulated valuable combat experience, and for a while the State of Qin became a country that could not be ignored.
In the later period, the Qin State experienced the Shang Martingale Transformation Law and even more ignoring the world, and just as the Qin State continued to develop and grow, contradictions inevitably arose between the Qin State and the Chu State.
As a country that dares to openly claim the throne, the State of Chu is full of confidence in its own culture and system, and in the eyes of the Chu people, no prince can compete with itself.
During the reign of King Huai of Chu, the State of Chu defeated the State of Wei and captured eight cities under his leadership, which once again stimulated the confidence of the people of Chu. However, in the Battle of Chusha, the State of Chu was defeated by the coalition led by the State of Qin, resulting in a huge impact on the State of Chu.
In 299 BC, King Huai of Chu and King Zhaoxiang of Qin met at Wuguan, and before that the ministers were skeptical of this alliance, but King Huai of Chu decided to go anyway, and was detained by the State of Qin.
Qin Chu will be an alliance, King Huai was deceived, Wu Guan repented, and future generations should learn from it.
King Zhaoxiang of Qin coerced King Huai of Chu to cede the city, but King Huai of Chu refused and was imprisoned to death by the State of Qin. In the eyes of the Chu people, their own king did not commit any offense, and what King Qin Zhaoxiang did was unacceptable to every Chu countryman.
The occurrence of this incident also forged an indissoluble feud between the State of Qin and the State of Chu, and since then the State of Chu and the State of Qin have become feuds. In 224 BC, the Qin general Wang Chui Shuai with an army of 600,000 troops went south and set up camp on the border of the Chu state.
The people of Chu are merciful, like sad relatives.
After more than a year of repairs, the Qin army had gradually adapted to the water and soil of Chu, and when the time was ripe, Wang Chong led the Qin army to attack the Chu army's defense line in one fell swoop, killing the Chu general Xiang Yan and the state of Chu perished.
Just before he was killed, Xiang Yan shouted out that the Duke of Chu Nangong once issued a curse to the State of Qin: "Although there are three families in Chu, the death of Qin will be Chu", which shows that this general of the State of Chu could not accept the fate of the State of Chu being destroyed by the State of Qin until his death.
The meaning of "three households"
This sentence was fulfilled faster than everyone expected, and in less than 20 years, the incomparably powerful Qin Dynasty was overthrown by the insurgents, and it was precisely the three Chu people who overthrew the Qin Dynasty.
In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang launched the Dazexiang Uprising, which opened the prelude to the overthrow of the Qin Dynasty. Three years later, Xiang Yan's grandson completed the fatal blow to the Qin Dynasty, personally fulfilled the curse that his grandfather had issued against the Qin State, and also created a slaughter.
Kill the prince and baby of Qin, burn the Qin palace room, and the fire will not be extinguished in March.
In the later period, in the process of the Chu-Han dispute, Xiang Yu finally failed to defeat Liu Bang, and the Han Dynasty established by Liu Bang also brought the Central Plains civilization into a more glorious stage, and since then the Qin State has completely withdrawn from the historical stage.
In the process of overthrowing the Qin Dynasty, the three people who played the most key role were Chen Sheng, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, all of whom were from the Chu state, which shows that there was a providence in the underworld, and the Qin Dynasty was indeed buried in the hands of these three Chu people.
However, although this interpretation is consistent with reality, it is also somewhat too coincidental. Although these three people are all from the Chu state, there are many more Chu people and thousands of people from other countries who contributed their strength and lives to overthrow the rule of the Qin Dynasty.
Without these people, it would be impossible to overthrow the powerful Qin Dynasty by relying solely on the strength of these three people. Therefore, from the result, the Qin Dynasty did die at the hands of the three families of Chu, but it was impossible for Chu Nangong and Xiang Yan to know this outcome in advance when they said this.
The "three families" in their mouth must not refer to the three of them, in fact, according to the cognition of the people of Chu at that time, the three families mentioned in this sentence refer to the three major families of the Qu family, the Jing family and the Zhao family.
To understand this matter, it is necessary to return to the context of the time, and the "Shiji Xiangyu Benji" records:
"Fu Qin annihilated the Six Kingdoms, and Chu was the most guilty. Since the king of Huai entered Qin and did not rebel, the Chu people have mercy so far, so Chu Nangong said: Although Chu has three households, the death of Qin will be Chu Ye. ”
From this point of view, the appearance of "Although Chu has three families, the death of Qin will be Chu" is not because of the demise of the State of Chu, but because King Huai of Chu was framed by the State of Qin.
At that time, the Qu family, the Jing family and the Zhao family happened to be among the Chu Kingdom, and they were always three forces to be reckoned with, and these three families also had great origins in the Chu State.
As the main object of the Dragon Boat Festival commemoration, Qu Yuan's many deeds are well known, and the Qu family is also the most unfamiliar family among these three major families.
During the reign of King Wu of Chu, the second son Xiong Fang was divided into Quyi, because at that time, both the kings and ministers of the State of Chu had the surname Qi, in order to distinguish each family, in addition to the surname, the concept of the name was also produced, which is also the origin of the surname.
For example, Qin and Zhao Ben are one family, this family means the same surname, but the branch is different, and the branch means the clan. Because he was sealed in Quyi, Xiong Fang's descendants took Qu as their clan, and since then the State of Chu has had the Qu family.
Therefore, although Qu Yuan's surname is Qu, he is a true royal family, a cousin of King Huai of Chu, and his actions have also made the entire family gain a very high reputation in the State of Chu.
The origin of the Jing clan is related to another famous king of the State of Chu, King Chuping, in the early days King Chuping heard rumors and beheaded Wu Zixu's family, only Wu Zixu was able to escape to the Kingdom of Wu with the help of friends, Wu Zixu hated King Chuping to the bone.
With the help of the power of the state of Wu, Wu Zixu was revenged, and the state of Chu almost perished, and later Shen Guang, the son of King Ping of Chu, restored the state of Chu, and welcomed back his younger brother, supporting him as the king of Chu Zhao, and the state of Chu was stabilized again.
In order to thank his brother, King Chu Zhao allocated a fief to Zishen, and Zishen took his father's nickname "Jing" as his clan, so the state of Chu had the Jing clan.
King Chu Zhao's son Ziliang was also divided, and he also used his father's nickname "Zhao" as his clan, and the above is the origin of the Qu, Jing and Zhao clans, all of which have their roots in the Chu royal family Qi clan.
From the perspective of the development process, the three major families of Qu, Jing and Zhao are all descendants of the Chu royal family, and their influence should naturally not be underestimated, so the meaning of "although there are three families in Chu, the death of Qin will be Chu" means that the State of Qin killed Xiong Huai, the king of Chuhuai (also known as Chu Huai), and the people of the Qi family will definitely avenge it.
In general, the three families of Qu, Jing and Zhao occupied an extremely important position in the Chu state, and the "three families" also referred to them, a situation that was common during the Spring and Autumn Warring States period.
Lu has three Huan, Zheng has seven Mu, Song has eight ethnic groups of Dai Huan, and Jin has eight surnames... The three households of Chu are also examples.
But from the perspective of the Chu State's separation from the rule of the Zhou Dynasty, the "three households" in Xiang Yan's mouth should represent the original spirit of resistance of the Chu people, just as the ancestor of the Chu State was founded "the blue strands of the road", resistance and indomitability are the spiritual core conveyed by this sentence.
As long as there is still this belief in not admitting defeat in the heart, even if there are really only three families left, the people of the Chu country will still not give up the struggle against the Qin Dynasty, and it is true that it was the Chu people who destroyed the Qin Dynasty.
What do you think differently about this?
Reference: "History"