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Introduction:
The concept of gender difference has always occupied a major position in traditional society, and has become an important part of the mainstream ideology of ancient feudal society, shackling women for thousands of years, resulting in women's low status and no right to speak.
On the other hand, ancient men, even if they were idle, had three wives and four concubines, it seemed like a common thing, and even invented many tortures against women under the guise of discipline.
The inequality between men and women in the feudal background led to the emergence of customized punishments for women in ancient criminal law, and slave society existed until the Qing Dynasty.
Flogging, the beginning of the punishment for women
For prisons for criminals, they already appeared in the ancient Spring and Autumn period, and the prisons at that time were tailor-made for women, and they have lasted for a long time in history.
Yongxiang in the Han Dynasty and the cold palace of the Qing Dynasty are all internal prisons prepared by the ancient royal family for erring concubines, and the Han and Tang dynasties did not exercise much control over women's festivals, but women's festivals in the Spring and Autumn Warring States were more important than their lives.
Zhou Tianzi's rule already existed in name at that time, but for the ritual religion, Zhou Tianzi must still be the main and strictly observed.
The so-called "Three Principles" and "Five Permanents" were actually the decrees issued by the rulers on women during the Spring and Autumn Period, including their control.
However, the punishment of women at that time was not as cruel as later, as long as they did not make a big mistake, they had to die, and they were basically based on "flogging".
Flogging canes often appear in film and television works, women are pressed to the ground after making mistakes, and the torturer will hit the back or hips with a wide wooden board.
The cane has a history of thousands of years in ancient times, and in the later period of development, it has been newly improved, and the flogging punishment has been brought to full use.
The consequences of female adultery are recorded in the Statutes of the Ming Law Collection, to the effect that if a woman has a family, the rod is reprimanded by ninety, if not, the rod is reprimanded by eighty, and the coat must be removed during the punishment, and then the flogging begins.
The way to remove the cane is a new type of punishment that people have improved according to flogging, which was mostly used in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and the Ming dynasty, and was even more popular.
This punishment was used when Zhu Yuanzhang liquidated embezzlers, and countless officials died with flogging sticks, and they were terrified just by seeing it.
The cane is a punishment specially tailored for women by the ancients, and if you think about it, the woman who makes a mistake is beaten naked in broad daylight, and this torture is not only physical, but also mentally humiliating, more intense than physical injury.
When the cane developed to the Qing Dynasty, it reached a new peak. According to historical records, during the Qianlong period, a county commander carried out an anti-pornography operation in the local area, vigorously rectified the local prostitutes' customs, and after catching the prostitutes, they not only had to strip their clothes and flogging, but also tortured alive until they were killed.
In addition, the Qing Dynasty also saw the emergence of new punishments for women, the name of which originated from their disloyalty to their husbands, called "selling meat".
But anyone who does anything unfaithful to his husband and does not guarantee his chastity will be forced to strip, and then go to the streets to show public, during which he will also be slightened by hooligan villains and spurned by the people.
This kind of injury was undoubtedly cruel to ancient women, and life was better than death, so most female prisoners would choose to hang themselves because they could not bear the consequences.
"Barrel torture" originated from torture in ancient Rome
As we all know, the bath barrel is mostly cylindrical, rose petals, the aroma is compelling, women use this thing to bathe regularly from head to toe.
However, ancient women did not have such a good life, the ancients whimsically, the improved bath barrel, seemingly comfortable, but in fact the scalp is numb, painful.
Female criminals who are tortured in a barrel have to suffer a double blow of body and soul, suffering in the process and always wanting to use suicide to obtain liberation.
According to historical records, the barrel punishment is similar to the ancient bone punishment, and the two are equally cruel and indiscriminate.
Barrel punishment first appeared in ancient Rome, is used to deal with the punishment of witches, influenced by religion, ancient Rome at that time set off a witch wind, there are no witches in the world, this is a clear fact, but the local people are too faithful and do not accept any dissuasion.
Therefore, the birth of the barrel punishment, specifically to punish those who spread witches, is a great insult to human nature.
The specific punishment of bath barrel punishment is as literal, before punishment, the female prisoner's clothing must be removed, and then the person will be fixed in the barrel, except for the head, all other parts must be submerged, and water, milk, and honey will be added to the barrel.
At this point, some people may think of this as a reward, but the opposite is true, and then it is the most cruel and bloody.
After the preliminary preparations are completed, there will be special people to provide food to prisoners at fixed points every day for them to eat and drink, and prisoners will not be hungry or thirsty.
Because the limbs are fixed, mortals can not move, if you want to urinate, you can only solve it in the barrel, in addition, the honey and milk in the barrel will attract flies, flies in the barrel foraging, will produce a large number of worm eggs, excrement combined with the eggs, and will give birth to a large number of worms.
Over time, the insects in the tub will only increase, people soak in it for a long time, the body begins to decay, and carrion is also the most delicious food for bugs.
In order to carry out this "fun" to the end, there will be forced feeding every day to maintain the life of the prisoner, and the weak person is okay and can be relieved as soon as possible, but for the person with good physique, he can only watch the worm eat his body little by little.
Iron skirt, the torture of the Ming Dynasty
When it comes to torture, the first thing that comes to mind is the ten major tortures of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, but in real history, there are many cruel tortures than these ten tortures, and the ancients are familiar with the use of punishment.
If you want to say which dynasty has the heaviest punishment and the most frequent use, it must be the Ming Dynasty, a kind of torture that appeared during this period that made all women feel discolored, this torture is called "iron skirt".
For the inventor of the iron skirt, many people say that it is Zhu Yuanzhang, after all, his ruthlessness is famous in history.
As the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang did not have a little mercy, and he left no room for anything, as can be seen from the several heroes around him.
Moreover, the corrupt official he knows, after being determined guilty, will definitely not give the other party a chance to live.
It is said that Zhu Yuanzhang once practiced an iron skirt on a concubine, but there are also wild histories that say that this woman is Zhu Di's biological mother, and the reason why the iron skirt is imposed on her is because Zhu Di was born less than ten months old and was born prematurely.
Zhu Yuanzhang was furious, suspecting that Zhu Di was not his own son, but a child born of her adultery with outsiders, so he ordered her to be subjected to an iron skirt.
Obviously, this statement needs to be verified, if Zhu Di has no father-son relationship with him, with his character, how can he keep Zhu Di until the end.
Although Zhu Di did not succeed to the throne, Zhu Yuanzhang helped his younger grandson Zhu Yunjiang to the imperial throne, but he never neglected Zhu Di and always took good care of him.
The iron skirt is very similar to the cannon branding of the Shang Dynasty, the only difference being that the Shang Dynasty tied mortals to bronze pillars and then burned the pillars red.
Iron skirt, made of iron in the shape of an ancient skirt, when the prisoner is tortured, he needs to put this thing on, and then let him stand on the fire frame prepared in advance, and increase the fire power little by little, so that it is heated evenly.
Iron is a metal that conducts heat easily, and the longer the fire roasting time, the higher the temperature of the iron sheet, and finally it will melt because the temperature is too high.
The prisoner's body will be burned, but it will not directly lose his life, and the body part will be burned by the high temperature little by little until he dies.
The iron skirt was cruel and violent, because it was so bloody, so the historical record of this punishment only appeared once in the Ming Dynasty.
The tiger and leopard frolic, the execution process is more cruel than Ling Chi
In "Romance of the Gods", Su Daji developed a new type of punishment called "Yu Pen". The pot is to dig a hole in the ground first, and then put various poisons into it, such as poisonous snakes, poisonous scorpions, centipedes and a series of reptiles.
The animals in the pit will be hungry for a long time before being put in, and there is no food at all, so after the barefoot prisoner is thrown into this big pit, the poison inside will be frightened, crawl madly on the prisoner in a state of hunger, and die under the bites and poisonous attacks of various poisons.
The appearance of Yu Pen is said to be that Empress Jiang, the wife of King Shu, angered Daji, and was later framed by Daji to death.
After the death of Empress Jiang, the palace maids before her death were grieving, once, Daji accompanied King Feng to play in Lutai, and the people present sang and laughed, but the palace maids before Empress Jiang's death did not want to go to power, and they were all sobbed.
Daji was so angry that she didn't fight anywhere, thinking that the palace maids were provoking her, so she told King Feng that these seventy-two palace maids were dissatisfied with King Feng because of the death of the empress, and even wanted to find an opportunity to assassinate him.
King Shun was convinced and let Daji deal with this group of people, which led to the "Yu Basin".
Beast fighting was originally an entertainment in ancient Rome, and its participation in fighting was man and beast, although it was a performance, but fighting for life, the process was very miserable, after all, people in front of beasts, there is no comparison.
Fighting beasts developed into China and became a punishment for women, that is, "tiger and leopard frolic spring".
Just looking at the name, I thought it was a tiger and leopard frolicking in the spring light, but it was extremely cruel behind it. When women are stripped naked, they are thrown into a bag with wild beasts inside, and lit cannonbamboos thrown into it.
The beast was afraid of fire, coupled with the disturbance of the cannon, the direct temperament changed greatly, and this end was that the prisoner thrown into it was beaten to death. Some put poisonous insects in her clothes before the prisoners threw them in.
Epilogue:
Different dynasties had different criminal laws, and the punishments of the Ming and Qing dynasties were not only varied, but also more cruel, and these tortures not only caused severe trauma to women's bodies, but also brought a burden to their bodies and minds.
Behind the torture is the fierceness and brutality of the rulers, and it is also the biggest obstacle to social progress. Thankfully, as society has evolved, torture has ceased to exist.