Although Japan is a country known as "one piece of water", the trauma left by Japan to our country cannot be erased. Historically, Japan's rise benefited from the Meiji Restoration, and Japan looked westward and carried out a series of Western-style reforms, which were successful. The Qing Dynasty, on the other hand, failed to achieve reform success because of its heavy historical baggage. It was also the gap between the two that allowed Japan to win the Battle of Jiawu and laid the psychological advantage. No wonder Japan is now disobedient, in their eyes, China has not completely defeated them.
From the Meiji Restoration to fascism, there were many Japanese people who played a role in Japan, but there was one person who was crucial, and it was he who made fascism accepted and implemented by Japan.
The birth of Japanese fascism was in the library. Here briefly talk about the library, this place is a place to do learning, but the library also gave birth to a lot of ideas, such as Marx once went in and out of the library of the British Empire every day, and early Marxism and Marx had a certain relationship with Marx's research in the library.
Some people say that "the revolution originated in the library" is mainly because Chairman Mao worked in the library of Peking University, which was also the period of the founding of our party. Coincidentally, Li Dazhao also served as the director of the Peking University Library.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > why does Japanese fascism originate in libraries? </h1>
Speaking of this, there is a Japanese who has to mention. During the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, there was a Japanese named Kita Kazuki, who was 21 years old at the time, and he also spent every day in the Imperial Library in Ueno, Tokyo. After two years of hard reading, Bei Yihui wrote a book called "On the State System and Pure Socialism", and he published the book at his own expense.
Don't think that this book with "socialism" is about socialist theory, because the later events of this book gave Bei Yihui other ideas. In this book, Kita argues that Japan must realize Japan's "communist system" and "social communism" through "public ownership of land and production institutions and their public management."
Bei Yihui actually advocated the realization of the "Great Socialist Revolution" under the co-rule of the Emperor. The Japanese cabinet was terrified of Kita's remarks and subsequently banned the release of the book.
Bei Yihui was not a fascist at that time, he only respected the civil rights revolution. For Japan's ban on his books, Kita Yihui believed that his ideas should help the Chinese revolution, and he supported Sun Yat-sen and became acquainted with Song Jiaoren, Zhang Ji, and others.
When Bei Yihui heard the news of the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, he immediately went to China and wrote a "Foreign History of the Chinese Revolution". It was also this book that changed his name from the original "Huijiro" to Kitaichi Hui in China.
But when Bei Yihui was in China, he encountered an important historical event, that is, the May Fourth Movement. He believed that China's May Fourth Movement was an anti-Japanese movement, which completely changed Bei Yihui, and he was no longer determined to contribute to the Chinese revolution. Just as Bei Yihui said, the people who ranked in the forefront of the May Fourth Movement were comrades with whom he had "neck-to-neck friendship."
For the May Fourth Movement, Bei Yihui also protested with hunger strikes. But for a Japanese man, no one paid any attention to him. So Kita yihui decided to leave China and return to Japan. He decided to let Japan rise again.
Before Bei Yihui decided to leave China, he conducted an in-depth study of fascism in Shanghai.
This scene is really puzzling. At that time, young people in our country all went to Japan to find the truth of national salvation, believing that Japan had much to learn. But I didn't expect that Japanese scholars would also study in China. What is even more unexpected is that the Japanese right-wing organization sent people to China to look for Bei Yihui.
In August 1919, the Japanese right-wing group Yuzo Society was founded, which sent Ōkawa Shumei to China in search of KitaIchiki. Shumei Okawa is three years younger than Kitaichi and holds a Juris Doctor degree from Tokyo Imperial University. This person later became on a par with Kita Kazuki and became two well-known thought leaders of the Japanese fascist movement. Okawa is familiar with China because he worked in 1918 at Mantetsu in tohoku.
On August 23, 1919, after Zhou Ming Oikawa arrived in Shanghai, he was surprised to see Bei Yihui in a dilapidated house. Dachuan did not expect that the thinker in front of him was actually living a hard life in China. The most incomprehensible thing is that Bei Yihui actually only ate rice balls and drank water, and under such conditions, he actually wrote 8 books, which is the famous "Outline of the Principles of the State Transformation Case".
Kita Yihui gave the 7 books he had written to Ōkawa first, and after the two agreed to write the 8th book, Kita Ichihui would return to China. No one understands why Bei Yihui wanted to finish his fascist book in Shanghai. Maybe it was related to the later invasion of China.
The May Fourth Movement dealt a great blow to Bei Yihui, who had completely changed and no longer served the Chinese revolution, he wanted to serve his own country and fight for Japanese nationalism. He advocated revolution and expansion, arguing that It was Japan's responsibility to defeat Britain, revive Turkey, make China self-reliant, and let India become independent from Britain. It is to make Japan a global "revolutionary empire."
The theories developed by Bei Yihui in Shanghai advocated limiting private capital, requiring an equal distribution of profits between employers and employees, and resisting the feudal conglomerates, arguing that the revolution should rely on the military. He even described the Japanese army as a "worker of the quality of a soldier." He also believed that an organization of sapper representatives similar to the post-October Revolution in Russia should be established, and that the "Engineers' Association" should be established to transform the soldiers into the backbone of the state.
At first glance, Kita's theory is similar to European revolutionary thought, and some people even say that Kita's theory is Japanese Marxism. In fact, Bei Yihui did not think so. He had studied Marx, who considered him to be a "Stateless, social Jew", that Marx's righteous lord was not built on the state, and that "socialism in Japan is nationalism". Completely spoiled.
The nationalism advocated by KitaIchiki soon became Japanese militarism and fascism.
It was during the formation of the Bei Yihui Theory that the global fascist movement was flourishing, with mussolini in Italy emerging in 1919 and Hitler joining the National Socialist Workers' Party in Germany in September.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="27" > fascist theory was born in Japan, but how did it get rapidly promoted later? </h1>
It should be with the help of Japan's "rice riots", when Japan also sent troops to Siberia, and domestic crises were fraught with danger. At that time, Japan was very inflated and wanted to take advantage of the establishment of Soviet Russia to merge Eastern Siberia into Japan, but as soon as the troops were sent, the "Rice Riot" broke out. More than 700,000 people participated and riots broke out in more than 30 counties. Japan feared a Russian-style revolution, so the Japanese cabinet was reorganized, and the original cabinet was born, at which time the Minister of War, the Minister of the Navy, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs could not allow the ruling party to appoint them.
Because Hara made some concessions to China, which caused dissatisfaction in Japan, on November 4, 1921, Hara was assassinated at Tokyo Station. It was this incident that made Kita Yihui's nationalist theory come into play, and Japanese fascism began to rise.
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