Jiangxi Toponymic Research
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Abstract: This paper puts forward a different view of this branch of Li Bai's ancestor's "Tan Ju Tiao Branch", which is the current Kuqa.
Keywords: strip branch; Turtles; flexion; Kuche
Li Yangbing said in the "Preface to the Caotang Collection" that Li Bai's ancestor had "lived in the Tiao Branch". This branch is not as explained by Wang Qi of the Qing Dynasty, "borrowing words to speak ears in the far reaches of the Western Regions", it should be true. If there is a real place, where is the "place" today? One refers to the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty Tiaozhi Governorate, in present-day Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia. One refers to the Han Dynasty, which was in present-day Central Asia, Iran, and Iraq. This branch state belonged to Persia after the rise of Sassan, so the "Western Regions Biography" of the Book of Wei and the Book of Sui also called Persia the "Ancient Tiao Branch State". One still refers to the Tang Dynasty Governorate, but not in Kyrgyzstan, but in present-day Central Asia and southwestern Afghanistan. Its capital was ruled in present-day Ghazni. Different from the above three theories, this article hastily puts forward the theory that "the article branch is the turtle, that is, Kuqa County in the present-day Aksu Prefecture of Xinjiang". If you dare not be confident, you must be prepared.
The name Guizi was first found in the Book of Han, and later from the Book of Later Han to the Old Book of Tang. By Song Xiu's "New Book of Tang", there were two more different translations: Qiuzi and Quzhi. Buddhist writings are influenced by Sanskrit and the sayings of various ethnic groups in the Western Regions, and have more different names. Such as Kucina, Kucit, Kusian, Kusian, Kusian, and so on. Yuan dynasty texts are influenced by Mongolian, and some are translated as Kucher, Kusian, Kusian, and Quxian. In fact, no matter what kind of translation, it is derived from the Guzi of the Two Han Dynasty. Contemporary historian Zhou Liankuan said: "The name of the turtle in the Two Han Dynasty is undoubtedly derived from the language of the local indigenous people, but what is the original meaning of this name? It has been difficult to audit. So who were the "local indigenous people" before the "Two Han Dynasties" were recorded? It is thought that the "local indigenous people" may have been Yue people before the "Two Han Dynasty" was recorded. Because the name of the Kamezi was originally named after the clan name of the Moon clan. Western scholar Sten Konow believes that Guzi (
) is the ancient Tocharian transliteration of "meat branch". The mainland historian Huang Wenbi also said: "Guzi is pronounced as Quzhi", "It is close to the Yue clan, or the country established when the Da Yue clan moved west, such as the Great Xia Dynasty moved west and established the Tocharian homeland". Just as Dunhuang got its name because it was a state founded by the "Dunxue" people before records began, Gaochang (present-day Turpan) got its name because it was a state founded by the "Gaoche" people before records.
From a distance, the country established by the Yue people in present-day Xinjiang when they moved west was not only a single Guzi state, but also the Yanqi state. Huang Wenbi also said: "Yanqi reads Ruowu clan", "close to the Yue clan, or also the country established by the Da Yue clan when it moved west". According to Feng Chengjun Kao: "Written in the Song Dynasty's Dunhuang manuscript "The Road to the West Heaven", the distance between Gaochang (present-day Turpan) and Guizi (present-day Kuche) is the Yue clan, and the name of the Song Shiyan is Yue's name." It can be seen that until the Song Dynasty (690~1279), Yanqi still retained the name of the Yue clan. It can be seen from this that the oldest "indigenous people" of Yanqi - like Guzi - are also Yue people. Furthermore, it is better to know that Huang's inference is accurate. This also proves that the Taiyue clan migrated west through Loulan (Lop Nur), Yanqi, and Kucha.
The Yue clan (branch) is a person, and both the Yizhou Book and the Guanzi are called Yu (branch). The Guizi County (northwest of present-day Yulin County, Shaanxi), Yuzhi County (present-day Qingyang County, Gansu), and Wuzhi County (northwest of present-day Jingchuan County, Gansu) in the Book of Han and Geography are all homonyms of the Yue clan, all of which are counties with clan names. It can be seen that the oldest indigenous population recorded in the area of present-day northern Shaanxi and Longdong is also the Yue people. However, since the Qin and Han dynasties, during the first great integration of the Chinese nation, the Yue people here have long been interconnected and integrated with the "Han people" (there was no "Han nationality" at that time) that was initially formed in the Han Dynasty. As a result of this "integration", the subsequent history books have always said that the Yue people originally lived in "Liang, Gan, Su, Gua, Sha and other prefectures" and "Dunhuang Qilianjian", while the Yue people who "lived" in Yulin, Qingyang, Jingchuan and other places were "oblivion".
In this way, can the "strip branch" that is close to the Kamezi and Quzhi sounds also be said to be homonymous to the Yueji? This is supposedly not a problem. As early as the 30s of the 20th century, the valley had a similar statement:
The Han called the Tiaozhi, and the Tang called the Guzi, that is, the Quzhi called by Xuanzang.
Trying to "push this thesis further", can we come to this conclusion:
The Han called the Tiaozhi, the Tang called the Guzi, that is, the Quzhi called by Xuanzang, that is, the Tiaozhi called by Li Yangbing.
Of course, this branch is the Kuqa in present-day Xinjiang. Li Yangbing is called by "ancient names and times". The use of "ancient place names" to replace modern places is a common phenomenon among ancient and modern literati. The name of the turtle is Kucha, which is the turn of the sound of Mengyuan Kucher, Kuxian and Kucha. Now can it be said that the Li Bai family is "not guilty in the middle of the century" and then "the Guzi of the Tanju Guizi".
Guizhan went to Chang'an for 7,480 li, and was one of the 36 countries in the Western Regions. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, it stretched for thousands of li, 600 li in length, and covered the entire territory of the three counties of Kuqa, Shaya, Xinhe and most of the two counties of Baiyu and Luntai in present-day Xinjiang.
In addition, this turtle can also refer to "Anzai". Therefore, Li Shi has the sentence "Xiangguan Miao Anxi, what will be the wandering" ("Jiangxi Sends Friends to Luofu"). According to Feng Chengjunkao, Guizi ""Sanskrit Miscellaneous Names is written as Kucina, also known as Kucina, and "Western Regions" as Quzhi." The "New Book of Tang" is known as Chuzi, and the other as Quzi, and the Tang moved to Anxi to protect the palace here, so it is also called Anxi." Anxi is both Li Bai's "Xiangguan" and the same place as Guizi. This is also another proof that Li Bai's ancestors (a friend ancestor) once "lived in the turtle".
Then, "Sending Yuan Qiten" also has the sentence "Lu Wei is like jade frost, the pen inscribed the moon branch book". What does the "moon branch" refer to in the sentence? I thought that this "Yuezhi (clan)" could have Sui and Tang solutions. Let's start with the Sui Shiyue clan. Combined with the exile place of Li Bai's "How difficult it was at the end of the Sui Dynasty", this Yue clan refers to the ancestral land of the Dayue clan in the Qilian period of Dunhuang (there is still a Xiaoyue clan in the local area). According to the "Sui Shu Tuyuhun Biography": "From the west of Xiping Lincheng, and to the east of the end, to the south of Qilian, to the north of the Snow Mountain, 4,000 li from east to west, and 2,000 li from north to south, all are Suiyou." Set up counties, county towns, and send misdemeanors to the world." It can be seen that the Dayue clan of Dunhuang Qilian is in the place where the late Sui Dynasty "sent the world to misdemeanor". It is likely that the Li Bai people will have one or more rooms exiled in this area after the "late Sui Dynasty". The "pen inscription Monthly Branch" means that he is condolences to the "departed" in this area.
Let's talk about the Tang Shiyue clan. The Yue clan of the Tang Dynasty, as mentioned above, is the Guzi, that is, the Tiaozhi, that is, Anxi, and sometimes expands to the large, and also refers to the prefecture and county under the rule of the Anxi Dadu Protectorate. Similarly, there are relatives of his own family in this area. Similarly, you can send them a letter of condolences.
Since the strip branch refers to Guzi (Yue), then Li Shi "Last year's battle, Sang Ganyuan; This year's war, Onion River Road. Wash the sea, release the grass in the snow of the Tianshan Mountains..." ("Battle City South") In the poem, where is this branch of the sea today? If it is not Lake Issyk-Kul (Atamai) in Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia, it is Lake Barhash. One is Lake Dashtnavar and Lake Abuistada in Central Asia, Afghanistan. I don't think it's either. The Tiaozhi Sea in the poem "South of the Battle City" can only be the Arabian Sea (now known as the Persian Gulf or Gulf) close to the ancient Tiaozhi State (Persia). "Hanshu Western Regions Biography": Wuyi Mountain is "more than 100 days away, and even Tiaozhi, and the country is bordering the West Sea". "From the strip branch to the west by water, more than 100 days, recently into the clouds." "Later Hanshu Western Regions Biography": "Ban Chao sent Gan Ying to make Daqin, arrive at Tiaozhi, face the sea, and desire". The boatmen said that the sea water is vast, and it is often achieved through the years. The "West Sea" called in the Book of Han and the "sea" in the Book of Later Han here are not the Tiaozhihai that is close to the ancient Tiaozhi Kingdom (Persia). Isn't it the "sea" that was called the Arabian Sea in ancient times and is now called the Persian Gulf. Here some people may ask, since it is said that the strip branch is a turtle near Central Asia, and how can the Tiaozhi Sea be thousands of miles away in West Asia? Because these are the land and sea names of the same name. One is at the end of heaven and one is in the corner of earth. The origin of the two place names is also different, the former from the Yue people's self-proclaimed name for the country they founded, and the latter from the Arab transliteration of the original name of their capital "Anti-iochia (island)". (It is said that the land near the sea is inhabited by Tajiks, and the Han Dynasty translated the name of Tajik as the Tiaozhi State). At the same time, the two are also used differently, the former is the official place name in the historical legend, which is a real reference, and the latter is an exaggerated term in poetry, which is a false reference (not a "formal place name"). The simultaneous use of the "Sangganyuan" in East Asia and the "Tiaozhihai" in West Asia, and the use of the suffering of the "long march and war" for many years, does not really mean that Li Bai's ancestor once "dwelt" in his place.
Since the Gutiao branch country is "linxihai", is the Xihai in the sentence of Li's poem "Xihai comforting the residence" ("Zhiyuan Qiten") in the sentence quoted above this "Lingutiao branch" Xihai? No, this Xihai also refers to the "Xihai Commandery" (郡治迟城, present-day Qinghai Haixi Mongol Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture)" in the late Sui Dynasty. When the Li Bai family was "difficult at the end of the Sui Dynasty", there may be one or more rooms "sneaked" here (Xihai County). Because in the fifth year of Daye (609), this county (Xihai Commandery), along with Heyuan, Shanshan, and Mo County, was also designated as a place where "sinners in the world are slaughtered and guarded." The humble work "The Mystery of Li Bai's Ancestors: On Li Bai's Belongings to Li Guang and Li Ling of the Western Han Dynasty, Li Xian of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and Li Mu of the Sui Dynasty" has initially discussed this issue. In fact, the "West Sea" in Cen Shen's sentence "Lonely City Tianbei, Absolute West Sea Head" is also the sea of Xihai County (now Qinghai Lake).
Since Sui Xihai County is in present-day Qinghai Province, where are Qinghai Bay and Qinghai in the two sentences of Li Poem's "Hu Peeping Qinghai Bay" ("Guan Shan Yue") and "Jun can't learn Geshu, run rampant in Qinghai and carry a knife in the night" ("Answer King Twelfth Cold Night Alone and Have Love"), where are Qinghai Bay and Qinghai today? This Qinghai Bay and Qinghai are in present-day Qinghai Province. According to the "Records of the Great Qing Dynasty": "The West Sea is more than 300 li west of the Acropolis of Xining, Shaanxi, and hundreds of li from the sea... Commonly known as Qinghai". It can be seen that "Qinghai" and "Qinghai" are the "common names" of the West China Sea, not "official place names". It is like Du's poem "Jun is not seen, Qinghai head, ancient white bones are not collected" ("Troop Carriage Line"), the "Qinghai head" in the sentence also comes from the "common name" of the West Sea.
Is the theory of Li Bai's ancestor "living in the turtle" opposed to Zhong Xingqi's theory that Li Bai's ancestor "was sneaked into Hami broken leaves"? No, the two happen to be unified. Because Sui Yiwu County (now Hami, Xinjiang) and Tang Yi Prefecture (modern Hami, Xinjiang) were in the same place as present-day Hami City, Li Yangbing's "Tiaozhi" (i.e. Guizi, i.e. Anxi) was a place name in relation to the entire Anxi capital of the Tang Dynasty. Fan Chuanzheng's "broken leaves" is a small place name in relation to Nazhen County (present-day Hami Sanbao) of Yiwu County in the "late Sui Dynasty". The large place name of Dadu Gofu can include the small place name of Nazheng County under its rule. Of course, small place names will also contradict large place names, and there is no contradiction between the two theories. And in Hami Broken Leaf - certainly not Central Asian Broken Leaf - this place "met" again.
Shi Fengyu, a Taiwanese scholar, said: "In the Tang Dynasty, the most basic administrative regions were generally called 'prefectures', and the names of prefectures remained unchanged. However, in February of Tianbao Yuanzai (742), the Tang court decreed that 'prefecture' be changed to 'county' and changed almost all prefecture names. It was not until the second year of Emperor Suzong's reign (757) that an edict was issued to restore the old state. In addition, Li Bai often uses ancient place names and informal place names (commonly known) in his works. Such differences in geographical names inevitably lead to some inconveniences. The author also deeply feels the "inconvenience" caused by Shi's statement that "such differences in place names" have caused. For example, the same Guzi, who sometimes called Tang Anxi in his poems, sometimes (to Li Yangbing) Han Tiaozhi, unexpectedly came up with "a wuyou name" (Tiaozhihai) that "Han and Tang Shuzhi has never been seen"; Like a Xihai, he sometimes refers to Xihai County, sometimes colloquially called Qinghai, and unintentionally comes to an informal Qinghai. The most prominent example is his two "uses" of the same place name "Jinling", and in just more than 300 words and sentences in the "History Book of Pei Chang of Shang'an Prefecture", Jinling appears twice as a place name: once saying that he is "Jinling", this Jinling refers to the tombs of the Northern Wei emperors in Yunzhong (present-day Toketo County, Inner Mongolia) and Shengle (present-day Inner Mongolia and Linger County); Once said he was "Jinling of Ben", this Jinling refers to Jinling (present-day Nanjing), the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. Haoduan One Jinling was "split in two" by him, half "shelved" in Monan, and half "shelved" in Jiangdong. The humble work "The Mystery of Li Bai's "Honjia Jinling" has initially explored this issue. It is precisely because of Shi's statement that "this difference in place names" is also quite speculative in this article, and I hope that the Fang family will not hesitate to teach it.
Acknowledgements: From drafting to finalization, this article has received repeated guidance from Mr. Wei Jinxian, a historical geographer.
Article author: Zhang Shucheng
Source: Journal of Lanzhou University, No. 3, 2001
Selected draft: He Boyu
Editor: Liu Yan
Proofreader: Li Chunyan
Reviewer: Wang Yiting
Responsible editor: Wu Xuefei
(Due to the limited space, please refer to the original text for the content of the article notes)
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