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The character "catfish" is a new character created by modern ichthyologists after introducing the Western modern fish classification system, which is used as the Chinese translation of a large group of fish such as Cutler and Erythrocutler, but many computers cannot type the word "catfish", so the word "white" is often used instead. There are many types of catfish (same as "catfish", the same below), but the species is represented by the pipefish (Shellfish), or the red catfish.
(Cocked mouth, ground covered sky)
Catfish are generally slender, flattened and thin on the side, mostly willow-leaf-shaped, and the forehead is lower than the back. The mouth is in the upper position, and the lower jaw is protruding and upturned, so it is often called "upturned mouth". The main features are the upturned mouth of the ground and the willow-shaped figure. Catfish is an omnivorous carnivorous fish and one of the favorite species of anglers. Juvenile fish feed on zooplankton and aquatic insects, while adults feed on small fish, shrimp and aquatic insects, which can grow well in captivity using compound feed.
1- Upturned red catfish
Scientific name: Erythroculter ilisaeformis (Bleeker)
Common names: cocked shell, large white fish, cocked mouth, upturned mouth, white silk, Xingkai big white fish, warped fish, spiny fish.
Classification: Cyprinids, Cyprinidae, subfamily Cyprinae, genus Red catfish.
The upturned red mackerel is large, commonly 4~5 pounds, and the largest weighs 20~30 pounds. The body is slender, laterally flattened, and willow-shaped. The back of the head is straight and the back of the head is raised. The mouth is superior, the lower jaw is thick and sharply upturned, erect in front of the mouth, making the mouth fissure vertical. The eyes are large and round. Small scales. The lateral line is pronounced, with the anterior part slightly curved upwards and the posterior transverse body slightly below the middle of the lateral body. Lateral line scales 80~93. There is an ventral ridge from the base of the ventral fin to the anus. The dorsal fin has strong and smooth spines, with the second spine being the worst. The end of the pectoral fin reaches the base of the ventral fin. fin grows, unbranched fin bars 3, branched fin bars 21-25. The caudal fin is deeply forked. The body is light brown on the back , silvery-gray on the side of the body, silvery-white on the ventral surface, gray-black on the dorsal and caudal fins, and gray-white on the pectoral fins, ventral fins, and fins.
It lives in the middle and upper classes of open water areas, moves quickly and jumps well. Sexually ferocious, preying on other fish. Spawning occurs in June and July, and the spawning grounds are mostly in the coastal water area, and the eggs adhere to the stems and leaves of aquatic plants.
It is found in all major water systems in the country. Hubei, Anhui and Heilongjiang provinces produce the most. The peak fishing season is from June to July and from October to November. The Tohoku region is dominated by winter fishing.
The meat is white and tender, with high nutritional value, containing 18.6 grams of protein and 4.6 grams of fat per 100 grams of meat, only fine spines, so it is known as freshwater catfish, fresh food and pickling.
At present, the cultivation of adult fish has become the norm.
2- Redfin catfish
Scientific name: Culter erythropterus Basilewsl
Common names: short-tailed mackerel, yellow palm skin
Classification: Cyprinidae, Cyprinidae, Subfamily Cyprinae, Genus.
Redfin is a small fish , carnivorous , preying mainly on small fish , as well as invertebrates. It is common to have a body length of 10–20 cm and a maximum length of 30 cm. It inhabits lakes and grasses or in slow-flowing rivers, and juveniles prefer to swarm in shallow waters to feed.
Body elongated, laterally flattened. Small head. Big eyes. The mouth is small, upper, the lower jaw is upturned, and the mouth cleft and the longitudinal axis of the body are almost vertical. The back of the head is significantly raised. It is covered with fine white thin scales. It is completely ridged from the base of the pectoral fin to the ventral edge of the anus. The dorsal fin is short with stout spines. The end of the pectoral fin is close to the ventral fin. The tail peduncle is longer. The caudal fin is deeply forked. The back is bluish green with a slight yellowish tinge , the side and abdomen are silvery white , and there are small dark spots on the posterior edge of the scales on the upper part of the body. The caudal and pectoral fins are light yellowish-red, and the fin is orange-red.
Redfin is widely distributed and is produced in all major water systems in the country. During the reproductive period, pearl stars appear on the head of males, spawning from May to July, breeding in still lakes, and the eggs adhere to aquatic plants. In the northern reservoir, after the flood season in July and August, it swims to the estuary to collect food, which is the main production period.
3- Mongolian red mackerel
Scientific name: Erythroculter mongolicus (Basilewsky)
Common names: red tip, pointed red tip, red tail
Classification: Cyprinids, Cyprinidae, subfamily Cyprinae, genus Red catfish.
Mongolian red shark is a pelagic fish, usually living in the middle and upper layers of slow-flowing bays or lakes, swimming quickly, scattered activities, winter is concentrated in the deep waters of rivers or deep pools of lakes winter. It is distributed in all major water systems in the country.
Mongolian red mackerel is medium-sized, common 0.5-1.5 jin, the largest is 6 jin. The body length is flattened laterally and the head is slightly pointed. The back of the head is flat, and the back of the head is obliquely flat. The lower jaw is longer than the upper jaw, the mouth is obliquely cleft, and the posterior end extends just below the posterior edge of the nostrils. The lower edge of the nostrils is almost on the same level as the lower edge of the eyes. The lateral line is straight, and the lateral line scales 73-79. The ventral ridge runs from the base of the ventral fin to the anus. The third dorsal fin is smooth and spiny , and the longest fin bar is shorter than the head. Chest and abdomen are shortened. fin does not branch fin bar 3, branch fin bar 18-22. The caudal fin is deeply forked. The upper half of the body is light brown and the lower half is silvery white. The dorsal fin is darker, the upper lobes of the thorax , ventral fin and caudal fin are light yellow, and the lower lobe of the caudal fin is bright red.
Mongolian red fish breed in groups from May to July, and during the reproductive season the male fish has pearl stars on the head and pectoral fins. Spawn in running water, and the eggs adhere to stones or other objects. Sexually ferocious, juveniles feed on zooplankton and aquatic insects, while adults feed on small fish.
The meat of Mongolian red mackerel is tender and not fishy, with a protein content of 15.3% and fat of 5.0%.
4- Red Fish with green tips
Scientific name: Erythroculter dabryi (Bleeker)
Common names: green seed, green meal, pouting tarpon.
Classification: Cyprinidae, subfamily Cyprinae, genus Red catfish.
It is small, generally 15-20 cm long and weighs 0.3-0.6 pounds, with the largest being about 1 pound. Body side flattened, thin. The head is smaller. The back of the head and back are raised. The mouth is superior, obliquely lobed, and the lower jaw protrudes in front of the upper jaw. Big eyes. The lateral line is pronounced and straight. Covered with fine round scales. Both the dorsal and ventral fins have strong and smooth spines. The ventral ridge runs from the base of the ventral fin to the anus. The end of the pectoral fin reaches or exceeds the beginning of the ventral fin. fin long, unbranched fin bar 3, branched fin bar 23~29. The tail peduncle is stout. The caudal fin is broad and deeply forked. The back is bluish grey , the anterior part is paler , the back is darker , the sides and belly are silvery white , the fins are slightly light yellow , and the caudal fin margin is bluish green.
It inhabits the middle and pelagic layers of still water lakes. Carnivorous, staple small shrimp. The breeding season is at its peak in May, when spawning is laid in lakes or inlets overgrown with aquatic grass, and the eggs adhere to the aquatic grass. It is distributed in all major water systems in the country.
The flesh is tender and nutritious, but the bone spurs are hard.
5- Quasi-pointed red mackerel
Scientific name: Culter oxycephaloides
Common name: duck-billed red tip, pointed red tip.
Classification: Cyprinidae, Cyprinidae, Subfamily Cyprinae, Genus.
It is long and laterally flattened , with a prominently raised back of the head. The head is small and pointed , and the back of the head is flattened , resembling an equilateral triangle. The mouth is semi-superior, the mouth fissure is sloping upward, the lower jaw is longer than the upper jaw, and the posterior end does not reach below the vertical line of the anterior edge of the eye. No, the eyes are large, the scales are small, and there are abdominal prisms from the ventral fins and even the anus. dorsal fin with hard spines; fin length, fin bar 3, 23~26; The caudal fin is deeply forked. The dorsal surface is grey , the sides and abdomen are silvery white , the dorsal , pectoral fins , ventral fins and fins are greyish white , and the caudal fin is orange-red with a black edge.
It mostly inhabits the middle and pelagic layers of flowing water or deep still water bodies, feeding on small fish and shrimp , and also eating aquatic insects. 5-year-old fish with a body length of 60 cm and a weight of 4 pounds reach sexual maturity for the first time, and the reproductive season is between May and June.
It is distributed in the upper and middle tributaries of the Yangtze River and its ancillary water bodies. It is a medium-sized economic fish, widely distributed in the Yangtze River basin, growing rapidly, the largest individual can weigh more than 6 kilograms, and the meat is tender and delicious.
6- Short hips near red mackerel
Scientific name: Ancherythroculter wangi (Tchang)
Common name: pockmark
Classification: Cyprinidae, Cyprinae, subfamily Cyprinae, Near red catfish
The short-rumped red catfish, also known as Wang's near red catfish, commonly known as Majian, is an endemic species in China. It is only distributed in Beibei, Hechuan and other places in Chongqing City, in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the mainland.
The short rump is elongated , flattened laterally, slightly raised on the back of the head , ventral ridge from the base of the ventral fin to the anus, and a long caudal peduncle. The head is long and pointed, and the head is more than 4 times the diameter of the eye. The snout is pointed and the length of the snout is larger than the diameter of the eye. The mouth is sub-superior, and the lower jaw is slightly longer than the upper jaw. Smaller eyes. The distance between eyes is greater than the diameter of the eye.
The short rump extends anteriorly below the posterior edge of the eye near the red catfish gill hole. The scales are medium-sized and the dorsal scales are smaller than the lateral scales. Lateral line scales 59-64, caudal peduncle scales 18-20. The lateral line is slightly curved down at the front and straight at the rear. 1st gill arch lateral gill raker 15-18. The posterior chamber of the swim bladder is rounded and blunt. The dorsal fin begins at the midpoint of the snout and the base of the caudal fin, and the dorsal fin is unbranched and the fin bar is hard spines, and the spines are shorter than the head length. The fin has 17-20 unbranched rays. The pectoral fins are short and do not extend posteriorly at the beginning of the ventral fins. Body length up to 24 cm. The dorsal side of the body is gray-black, and the ventral side is silvery-white; The dorsal fin is grey and the caudal fin is dark red with black edges.
The short-rumped red catfish live in a flowing water environment and are not numerous. Females over 15 cm in length can mature and lay eggs.
7- Black-tailed near-red mackerel
Scientific name: Ancherythroculter nigrocauda Yih et Woo
Common names: high tip, high shoulder, black-tailed catfish, black-tailed, black-tailed diao, etc.
Classification: Cyprinidae, Cyprinae, subfamily Cyprinae, Near red catfish.
The black-tailed near red mackerel, also known as the black-tailed catfish, is also known as the "high tip" or "high shoulder" in the folk and is endemic to China. Like the short-rumped red catfish, it is distributed in Hechuan and other places in Chongqing City, in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and mainly lives in the middle and pelagic layers of the slow water zone of the main tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and is a water-loving grass substrate.
The black-tailed red catfish has a flattened body and resembles that of Dai's red catfish (青袢红鍍, 青荢). The eyes are smaller and the snout length is larger than the eye diameter. The mouth is semi-superior, the lower jaw is slightly longer than the upper jaw, the mouth is oblique, and the posterior end extends below the posterior edge of the nostril. The nostrils are located at the midpoint from the snout to the pupil. The back of the head is significantly raised. The abdomen is slightly concave at the base of the ventral fins. The lateral line is slightly curved downward in the middle of the body side, and the lateral line scales 65-70. The ventral ridge runs from the base of the ventral fin to the anus. The back is grey-black , and the sides and abdomen are silvery white. The dorsal fin begins to the snout and is closer to the base of the caudal fin. The pectoral fin does not reach or exceed the ventral fin. fin bar 3, 23-28. The fins are grey , and the margins of the upper and lower lobes of the caudal fin are particularly pronounced. Its main difference from the red stalk is the longer tail peduncle and larger individuals.
The black-tailed near-red mackerel has a mild temperament, a wide temperature range, and stronger oxygen tolerance than other catfish. Individuals are large, common 15-30 cm long. Black-tailed catfish grow fastest at one to two years old. Under artificial breeding conditions, first-year-old fish can reach more than 0.2 kg, and second-year-old fish can reach more than 1.8 kg.
8- Tall near-red mackerel
Scientific name: Ancherythroculter kurematSui (Kimura)
Common name: big eye Diao, round big eye
Classification: Cyprinidae, Cyprinae, subfamily Cyprinae, Near red catfish.
The tall body is elongated, flattened laterally, and the back of the head is slightly sloping upward. There is a distinct ventral ridge from the base of the ventral fin to the anterior anus. The head is high and the upper and lower jaws are of equal length. The mouth is distal, the mouth fissure is oblique, and the posterior end extends below the posterior edge of the nostril. Thin lips. The eyes are large, the diameter of the eye is about the length of the snout, and the eye space is narrower and slightly rounded and convex. The nostrils are very close to the anterior edge, above the anterior edge of the eye, and almost parallel to the upper edge of the eye. The gill rakers are slender and sparsely arranged. The hypopharyngeal teeth are slightly conical and hooked at the tip. Lateral line scales 57-63. The dorsal fin is long, about the length of the head, starting from the end of the snout to the midpoint of the final scale, and the last unbranched fin is a hard spine. The pectoral fins are short and do not reach the beginning of the ventral fins. The ventral fin is located anteriorly below the beginning of the dorsal fin, and its end does not extend posteriorly to the anus. The fin base is long and the outer margin is concave in a curved shape. The scales are neatly arranged and thinner, with triangular axillary scales at the base of the ventral fins. The lateral line curves slightly in the middle of the body to the abdomen and extends to the middle of the caudal peduncle, and sexually mature males have many white beads on their head and 1-5 pectoral fins during the reproductive season. The dorsal surface of the body is greyish white, the lower part of the body side and abdomen are silvery white, the dorsal and caudal fins are grayish-white, and the remaining fins are white.
The tall near-red shark is distributed in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The individual is not large, generally 10-20 cm in length. Spawning occurs in March-April. There are not many natural quantities.
9- Big-eyed red catfish
Scientific name: Ervthroculter hypselonotus (Lin)
Common names: big eyes, concave neck, upturned nose
Classification: Cyprinidae, Cyprinae, subfamily Cyprinae, Near red catfish.
The big-eyed red catfish has a flattened body, a flat back of the head, and a significant bulge on the back of the head. The ventral ridge extends from the base of the ventral fin to the anus. The mouth is superior, the lower jaw is protruding and upturned, and the mouth cleft is nearly perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body. Large eyes, head length about 3 times the diameter of the eye; Without. Lateral line slightly downcurved, lateral line scales 60-66. dorsal fin spines smooth and stout; The fin is very long at the base.
The big-eyed catfish inhabits the middle and pelagic layers of the slow flow of rivers. Sexually ferocious, feeding on small fish. It is distributed in the Pearl River system.
10 - Hainan red catfish
Scientific name: Erythroculter pseudobrevicauda Nichols et Pope
Common names: pipefish, neck, angshi bag
Classification: Cyprinids, Cyprinidae, subfamily Cyprinae, genus Red catfish.
The Hainan red catfish is long and flattened laterally. The back of the head is flat, and the back of the head is slightly raised. The ventral ridge extends from the base of the ventral fin to the anus. The mouth is superior, the mouth fissure is framed straight with the longitudinal axis of the body, the lower jaw is thick, and it is upturned. Big eyes. Small scales. No, lateral line slightly curved, lateral line scales 72-76. Ken fin hard spines smooth. Minister of fin base.
The Hainan red catfish lives in the middle and pelagic layers of open water bodies. It swims quickly and feeds on predatory fishing and shrimp. Medium-sized fish, which are food fish from the producing area. It is distributed in Hainan Island and the Pearl River system.
Three common species of catfish that are easy to misidentify: the cocked red catfish and the green red catfish, and the Mongolian red catfish
One distinguishes the tail: the tail is bright red is the Mongolian red catfish; Those with yellow-white and gray-white tails are called upturned red catfish; Those with a cyan tail are called green red catfish.
The second distinguishes lateral line scales: the lateral line scales of the upturned red catfish are above 70; The lateral line scales of the red catfish are below 70.
The third distinguishes their back from their mouth: the one with a high back and a small mouth is a green tip; The flat-backed upturned mouth is upturned white.
The main difference between green and pipefish
Billfish: the head and back are relatively flat, the mouth of the fish presents a "ground wrapped sky" posture, the lower lip is thick and firm, the upper lip is relatively weak, the two blades of the tail fin are the same length, and the body shape is relatively slender.
Bluefish: The head appears small, not as long as the billfish, and the upper lobe of the caudal fin is slightly shorter than that of the lower lobe. The blue-tailed fish are somewhat "hunchbacked", raised upwards, and have high shoulders, and some are called "high shoulders (pointed)" like black-tailed catfish, and their upturned beaks are like "machetes".
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