<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > preface</h1>
In order to maximize the plundering of the underground mineral resources in the northeast and alleviate the problem of labor shortage, after the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Japanese army began to escort prisoners of war from concentration camps to mines and military projects in the northeast on a large scale, forcing them to engage in high-intensity and high-risk labor, and imposing inhuman treatment, resulting in tens of thousands of laborers dying tragically in freezing, starvation, fatigue and torture.
Fuxin Coal Mine is the largest coal-producing enterprise in the "Manchurian Coal Mine Co., Ltd.", with nearly 10,000 laborers at its peak. Among them, in addition to prisoners of war sent from Kannai, there were also so-called "prisoners" from all over the northeast.
Because the work of coal mining was dirty, tiring and dangerous, there was a saying in the mine at that time: "Eighteen layers of hell on earth, eighteen layers below are laborers."
Mines have a tight management agency and a set of management methods for labor, and implement a series of "armed compulsory surveillance measures". Inspection posts are set up at major traffic intersections and stations, and the guards work in shifts day and night, and the labor and life of the laborers are closely monitored and controlled.
Their dormitories are separated from ordinary workers, and there is a four- or five-meter-high courtyard wall built around the perimeter of the dormitory, which is surrounded by a power grid outside the wall, and a watchtower more than ten meters high, and the gate is guarded day and night by gunmen and mine police.
After coming to the mine, you first have to conduct an identity investigation, then take fingerprints and get a haircut. In order to prevent escape, the hairstyles of the laborers are very special, either shaving off the two sides and leaving the middle, or shaving off the middle to leave the sides. After the haircut, you must take a photo and register.
After all this was done, everyone was organized into a team that was easy to manage, and after designating the captain, squad leader, and squad leader, they were assigned to each commander to govern. The leaders are all Japanese running dogs, carrying half-cut pickaxes in their hands all day long, to see who does not like to raise their hands and beat them, squeezing the laborers is not soft at all.
More than a hundred people lived in a large house, with four walls, dark and damp, and dirty. In winter, people have to wrap broken grass curtains and sacks on their bodies to protect themselves from the cold.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="86" > want coal and don't want people</h1>
People gathered at three o'clock in the morning every day, carried by the mine police force to work in the underground at gunpoint, and returned at six or seven o'clock in the evening, fifteen or six hours of heavy physical labor every day, and the sun could not be seen at both ends, and even if they moved a little slower, they were found to be beaten violently, and even beaten to death.
The laborers were basically engaged in underground work, and they were assigned to work in the most harsh environment, the harshest conditions and the most labor-intensive mining surfaces. Dim lights illuminated the low laneways, soaked in decaying pit wood, and due to poor ventilation and high concentrations of coal dust, it didn't take long to go down, and everyone became "black people" who could only see their eyes and teeth.
In order to grab more coal, the invaders adopted a barbaric policy of "asking for coal and not people", and the laborers went down the well without any safety measures, and even if there was a warning before the accident, the devils forced the laborers not to come up.
Before going down the well, each person was given two black and hard nests, and no water was given, which was all the rations for the heavy manual workers for more than ten hours a day.
Obviously, there are iron cages for transporting workers up and down the well, but the devils are not allowed to ride them, and even the deepest tunnels can only go down the high and steep steps step by step.
In the underground is a dozen hours, hungry to nibble on the two black nests, cold, hard state. Without water to drink, the thirsty can only lie on the ground and drink the muddy water in the tunnel; the hungry cannot even eat silt and cinder, so diarrhea is a normal phenomenon here.
Roofing, gas explosions, and vicious accidents that cause deaths and injuries in the underground occur frequently.
One afternoon, more than 20 people were working in the well, when suddenly the roof made a "clicking" sound, and the roof kept sinking.
"No, to the top, run!" With Lao Zhang's shout, everyone quickly ran to the big lane. Before they could run to the alleyway, they were blocked by the ghost overseers.
He waved the hammer stick in his hand and desperately whipped the people inside: "Hurry back, it doesn't matter if you are dead, the machine wants, the chain wants." ”
Lao Zhang saw that the situation was not good, covered the miner's lamp, and hid it in the empty shed next to the laneway, and was not discovered by the devil.
After about ten minutes, only to hear a dull loud noise inside, a big roof occurred, and more than 20 people who were forced inside were all pressed inside. The devil muttered in Japanese without any hesitation, to the effect that Chinese as many lice as lice, and it didn't matter if he died.
After the accident, in order to continue mining, the devils told the workers to go in and pick them up, and none of the people who pulled out survived. Lao Zhang became the only survivor of a group of people. The deceased was pulled out by a minecart and transported to a nearby ravine, where he poured gasoline and burned it.
On another occasion, when an open fire broke out in the large alleyway, he turned his head to three carpenters and instructed them to nail the seal (seal the wellhead). When the three men came to the main alleyway, the fire was already on. They hurriedly nailed with a board, and when there were still three boards left to be nailed, they suddenly found that the wind on the well was no longer blowing in, and the flames inside were jumping straight out.
Experienced underground carpenters know that when the underground nails are sealed, it does not matter if the fire jumps inwards, if it jumps out, it proves that the outside has been nailed, and if you don't hurry out, you will die. And at this time, you can't run out hard, once you bring the wind to help the fire, the fire will burn people to death. They hurriedly lay down, crawled out with their hands and feet, rolled with a crawling belt for half an hour, and climbed out of about 400 meters, but found that the second seal had been blocked.
Fortunately, they did not leave the tools inside, and they desperately used their axes to break the planks sealed underneath, and they climbed out from the bottom and escaped the fate of being burned inside.
The three men went to the Japanese overseer theory: "Knowing that there are people working inside, why do you have to block the wellhead outside?" ”
The Japanese overseer sneered disapprovingly and said, "It doesn't matter if you die three or two people, Chinese is big, the fire is broken, and the compensation is not good." ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="91" > company commander who sacrificed his life to save his friends</h1>
There is no oil and water in the stomach, there is no sunlight for many years, and many people's bodies quickly collapse, some vomit blood, blood in the stool, and some have silicosis lungs and cough and wheezing. Harsh conditions, inhuman treatment, heavy labor, innocent injuries, and epidemics of plague threaten their lives at all times.
People who are sick or injured are not treated and are sent to the ward. There was no medicine or care in the ward, and they were sent inside only to wait for death, and few people could come out alive.
Liu Enkang, who had just turned 17, fell ill with overwork and had a high fever for several days. Seeing that he could not go down the well to work, he threw him into the ward while everyone was away. When Chen Dayong, who was sleeping next to him, saw that the person on the kang was gone, he asked the head, "Where is Xiao Liu?" ”
Turning his head in the face, he replied, "People can't do it, so I threw the sick room and went." ”
Chen Dayong didn't believe it, touching his forehead when he left in the morning, it was already burning less badly, how could he die in just one day? Taking the opportunity to go to the toilet, he sneaked into the ward and searched one by one in the pile of dead people lying horizontally and vertically, and finally found Xiao Liu.
Chen Dayong tried it with his hand under his nostrils, and the warmth was clear that he was still breathing, so he carried him to a corner, freed up a small place for Xiao Liu to lie down, and every day he ended work with a nest he saved for Xiao Liu to eat.
After two or three days, Xiao Liu gradually got better. Chen Dayong came to see him after work, and when he saw that he had eased up, he carried him back to the dormitory, and just as he was about to put it on the kang, he was stopped by his head: "He is already a dead man, what are you carrying him back for?" ”
"Take a good look at whether he is alive or dead!" Chen Dayong retorted to him, while putting Xiao Liu on the kang, and pulled the quilt over to cover him.
The head with the support of the devil did not expect that someone dared to bump into him, and he was immediately ashamed and angry, and when Chen Dayong turned around, he greeted him and raised his hand to give him a big slap.
Before Chen Dayong was arrested, he was a company commander of the Kuomintang troops, a bloody man who charged into battle on the battlefield, and since he was captured, he had been humiliated by the Japanese soldiers enough. Furious, he grabbed the collar of his head and shouted, "I fought with you traitor today!" ”
Before he could finish speaking, he opened his bow left and right and slapped his head the face, crackling a slap, causing the traitor to see Venus in front of his eyes, and saw that the cheeks on both sides were red and swollen. A room of one hundred and ten people, none of them came forward to dissuade, everyone felt that they had been beaten to the point of hatred!
The head was beaten and screamed, and the sound alarmed the ghost soldiers patrolling outside. He came in and saw that someone dared to slap his head, and without saying a word, he pulled the trigger on Chen Dayong with a gun. The bullet pierced through the chest, Chen Dayong pounced forward, and with a "bang" fell to the ground, knocking his head down. With the support of a devil, he climbed his head up, kicked at the deceased viciously, turned around and vented the evil fire that had not been sprinkled on Xiao Liu: "Don't pretend that your boy is not dead, tomorrow you will give me work!" ”
Nodding his head and accompanying the devilish soldiers out of the house, the workers gathered around Chen Dayong,who was already dead of breath.
Xiao Liu, who had already cried into tears, struggled to kneel down in front of the body and said mournfully: "Uncle, you took your own life to save me." “
Choking up and saying that he couldn't go on, he "bang bang bang Everyone's heart was also very uncomfortable, and tears swirled in their eyes. Afraid that Xiao Liu, who had just recovered from a serious illness, cried and broke his body, and people rushed to pull him up and carry him to the kang.
Everyone wiped the blood stains on Chen Dayong's face with their hands and feet, and then straightened out the torn clothes on his body, and then gathered around him and respectfully bowed to him to bid farewell.
Those who have enjoyed the blessings together can later be like strangers, and the friendship between those who have suffered together is better than brotherhood.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="97" > the workers' secret revolt</h1>
The most common and effective means of resistance they use against the enemy is "grinding foreign workers." Everyone took turns to monitor the overseer's movements, and when he approached, they all pretended to work hard, and sat down to chat and rest as soon as he left.
In order to sabotage the enemy's production tasks, they deliberately caused accidents, caused production to stop, deliberately loosened the iron track nails, and caused the coal car to derail the sports car; deliberately did not put explosives in the gun's eye when firing the cannons to reduce the amount of coal; they saw the opportunity to cut wires and cables, affecting ventilation and electricity; destroyed the transport belt and made the machine unable to operate; and artificially created a roof accident so that the devil's "big charcoal" became "no charcoal."
In addition, the laborers also took advantage of the dark and hidden environment underground to teach the japanese overseers and traitors who committed many evil deeds, and took advantage of the opportunity for them to walk alone, hiding in the shadows and beating them, so that they did not dare to move alone underground.
Shortly after Chen Dayong's death, the Japanese murderer was first smashed in the head by a piece of coal gangue that fell from the sky while patrolling at night; then, he tripped his head in the alleyway, fortunately not crushed into meat by the rumbling minecart, but only broke a leg. This had already frightened him to death, and before he could recover from his injuries, he rolled up and slipped away.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="100" > mass riots to escape from prison</h1>
There is also an open way of fighting, and that is armed insurrection. They fought against oppression and freedom, and staged a number of riots, the most influential of which was the Sinchou Riots on September 2, 1942.
On August 27, 1942, 300 laborers, with Liu Gui, former company commander of the Eighth Route Army, as the captain of the brigade and Cui Suogen as the deputy commander, came to the Xinqiu Mine. As soon as they got off the train, they were escorted into a large courtyard called the "Summer Vegetable Garden.". The courtyard is no different from a concentration camp, with gates guarded by guards, surrounded by a high-voltage power grid, and guard towers in the corners.
Thousands of miles have traveled from the Shimen concentration camp to come here, and I thought that although the work of digging coal outside the guan was a little bit tiring, it was better than losing my freedom in the concentration camp, and even if I wanted to come here, I was still in prison. Seeing that sooner or later he will have to die at the hands of a devil, instead of suffering and enduring humiliation and torture, it is better to simply fight him to the death of a fish.
So they began to brew a riot. First of all, they unified the ideological understanding that "only struggle can have a way out," then drew up a specific plan for insurrection, and separately carried out necessary preparations such as surveying the route and preparing dry food.
The riot was commanded by Liu Gui, and 20 young men were selected to form a commando team. They planned to divide the troops into two routes after the riot began, one to attack the guards and watchtowers, seize weapons, control the passage, and cover the breakthrough of the brigade; the other way to the Labor Department to cut the telephone line in the name of reporting, and grab the map for marching and fighting. Other personnel smashed open the warehouse and used kitchen knives, shovels and other weapons.
At 12 o'clock in the middle of the night, Liu Gui sent a signal on time according to the predetermined plan, and the commando team launched an attack. Previously, considering that the three sick numbers in the team were inconvenient to operate, it was planned to arrange for someone to send them out from under the power grid first. Unexpectedly, under the 3300-volt high-voltage power grid, it was impossible for people to pass safely, and the first person who tried to climb over was unfortunately electrocuted, and the others had to give up.
The warehouse was soon opened, and people took shovels into their hands, first went to the garrison's office, smashed the contents, and then rushed to the gate.
Just when everyone thought that everything was going well and victory was in sight, suddenly the gunshots were loud, many people fell in response, and the fierce fire repelled the shock troops again and again. It turned out that the cunning enemy had been alerted, and had taken precautions in advance, ambushing the machine guns outside the gate and waiting for them to be hooked.
The gate did not open, some people tried to jump out of the grid with door panels and quilts, and most of them were electrocuted on the spot, except for a few who were lucky to succeed.
The gendarmerie and the garrison soon arrived, after all, they were outnumbered, and at dawn the people were forced into a clearing, and there was nowhere to hide, so they had to be captured.
The riot failed, only 67 people managed to escape, and the rest were all arrested except for the victims, and they were taken to the Haizhou Workers' Counseling Center on the same day.
The captain Liu Gui, the deputy captain Cui Suogen, and the squad leaders and deputy squad leaders of each squad were imprisoned in the devil's gendarmerie and were soon killed by the enemy.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="110" > conclusion</h1>
The Xinqiu Rebellion was the largest labor revolt in puppet Manchukuo, and although it was defeated, the heroism of the rioters who were not afraid of violence and the revolutionary spirit of courageous struggle deeply encouraged the laborers who were struggling under the ravages of the Japanese Kou iron hooves.
Inspired by this spirit, everyone took advantage of various opportunities to escape. By the time of Japan's surrender, a total of 3,049 laborers had successfully escaped enemy control.
After all, due to the close supervision of the Japanese army, the laborers who could escape were a minority, and after the war, according to many statistics, the mass graves scattered around the Fuxin area buried the bones of at least 70,000 Chinese compatriots who were killed.
We must not forget the great disasters and pains that our predecessors have encountered, but should be truly and vividly stored in the memory. Only by deeply understanding the disasters and humiliations that the Chinese nation has encountered, and maintaining a sense of crisis and responsibility, is the premise guarantee for us to avoid the recurrence of historical tragedies.