In November 1931, in order to better lead the Red Army units of the Central Soviet Region, our Red First Army followed the instructions of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and reorganized its Red Army into the Central Red Army. According to the arrangements of the Central Military Commission, the newly reorganized Central Red Army consisted of two corps and eight corps, which were jointly under the direct leadership and command of the Central Military Commission.
The scale of the eight reorganized armies of the Red First Army is composed of local Red Armies in each Soviet region, so who are the military commanders at all levels after the reorganization of the Red First Army? How did they develop later?
1. The Central Revolutionary Military Commission and the Central Bureau of the Central Soviet Region of the CPC Central Committee
Before the reorganization of the Red First Army, the Red Army units of the Central Soviet Region were under the command of the Front Army Headquarters and the Central Bureau of the Central Soviet Region of the Communist Party of China for a long time, and in November 1931, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Soviet Republic was established, and the Red First Army was placed under the leadership of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission.
Among them, Marshal Zhu De was appointed chairman of the newly established Central Military Commission, and Chairman Mao was appointed secretary of the Central Bureau of the CPC Soviet Region.
Leading body of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission:
Chairman Mao, secretary of the Central Bureau of the Soviet Region, Marshal Zhu De, chairman of the Central Military Commission, Marshal Zhou Enlai, Wang Jiaxiang, Xiang Ying, and Peng Dehuai, vice chairmen, He Chang, deputy director of the General Political Department of the Central Military Commission, Wang Jiaxiang, director of the Political Department, Marshal Ye Jianying, chief of general staff of the Central Military Commission, Xiao Xiangrong, secretary general, Guo Huaruo, director of the General Staff Office, Pan Zili, political commissar of the General Military Station Department, Comrade Yang Lisan, director of the Security Bureau, General Li Kenong, director of the Security Bureau, He Cheng, minister of health, Fan Shude, director of the General Manager's Department, General Yang Zhicheng and Comrade Ye Jizhuang served as directors of the General Supply Department;
Political Department of the Central Military Commission: Li Biting, Director of the Organization Department, Li Xiangwu, Minister of the Ministry of Enemy Works, Marshal Luo Ronghuan, Director of the Mobilization Department, Zhang Ruxin and Lu Dingyi, Director of the Propaganda Department, Gao Chuanxian, Minister of the Youth Department, Deng Xiaoping, Secretary-General of the Political Department;
General Zhang Yunyi, director of the 1st Bureau, Weng Ying and Wu Yunfu, political commissars of the 3rd Bureau, Lieutenant General Wang Ying as the director, Yang Yuebin, director of the 5th Bureau, Zhang Jingwu as the director of the 6th Bureau, Song Yuhe as the director of the 4th Bureau of the General Staff Office, and Zeng Xisheng and Qian Zhuangfei as the director and deputy director of the 2nd Bureau respectively;
Red Army University: President He Changgong, Peng Xuefeng, Xu Mengqiu served as the deans of education;
Pengyang Infantry School: General Chen Geng, principal and political commissar of Liu Xiping;
Red Army Communication School: three times principal and chief of education;
Gongluo Infantry School: Principal Lin Ye Martyr, Zhang Jichun, Chen Tiesheng, and Li Fangyuan served as the school's political commissars;
Red Army Health School: principals He Cheng, Chen Yihou, Peng Bolong;
Red Army Special Branch School: Political Commissar Yuan Xuanpai, Hu Guojie and Sun Fali served as principals.
Li Biting. Li Biting, director of the Organization Department of the Political Department of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, is a native of Jiahe, Hunan Province, who was admitted to Hengyang Provincial Third Normal School in 1921, participated in the Hunan student movement, and served as inspector of the Liangguang Provincial CPC Committee and director of the Organization Department of the Hunan Special Committee. Li Biting was a famous leader of the student movement in early Hunan, and early revolutionary pioneers in Hunan such as Jiang Xianyun, Mao Zemin, and Huang Jingyuan were all close friends of Li Biting.
During the Great Revolution, Li Biting studied at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, the Soviet Union, and in 1927, when the 412 Incident broke out in China, he transferred to study at the University of Lyon in France and became an important leader of our party overseas.
Although Li Biting studied abroad for many years, he was always concerned about the development of the Red Army, and after returning to China in 1930, he transferred to the Central Soviet Region and served as the director of the Organization Department of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. In 1936, Li Biting was killed by enemy aircraft when he returned to the headquarters of the Red 1st Army at the age of 35.
Li Xiangwu. Li Xiangwu, director of the Enemy Work Department of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, was born in Luoning, Henan Province in 1907, went to the Soviet Union to study in 1925, graduated from Henan Provincial No. 1 Normal School and Luoyang Provincial No. 4 Normal School, and served as deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Political Department of the 1st Red Front Army, director of the Political Department of the 13th Army of the 5th Army of the Red Army, and secretary of the Military and Political Committee of the Gannan Military Region. Li Xiangwu was a well-known military and political cadre in the Red Army; he not only spoke Russian fluently, but was also very good at military and political united front work; like General Zhang Kexia, a well-known underground worker of our party, he joined the organization under his guidance.
In 1929, Li Xiangwu was sent to the leadership of the Shanghai Military Department, and the following year, our army won the first victory against "encirclement and suppression", and Li Xiangwu was ordered to go to Nanchang with Tu Zuochao to negotiate with the Kuomintang authorities. Later, because Zhang Huizhen was killed and negotiations broke down, he tactidly evaded the Kuomintang pursuit and successfully came to the Central Soviet Region.
During his tenure in the Central Soviet Region, Li Xiangwu was ordered to preside over the propaganda work and transformation work of the Central Military Commission and made important contributions to the development of the Red Army. In March 1935, due to the Kuomintang attack on the Central Soviet Region, Li Xiangwu unfortunately died on the way to break through at the age of 28.
Zhang Ruxin. Zhang Ruxin, director of the Propaganda Department of the Central Military Commission, a native of Xingning, Guangdong, is a well-known Marxist theorist on the mainland and has served as director of the Research Department of the China Union of Social Scientists, editor-in-chief of the Red Star News of the Central Military Commission, and vice president of Yan'an University. Zhang Ruxin was a staunch leftist figure of the Kuomintang, who organized the work of the Party Department of Students Studying in the Soviet Union during the Great Revolution, firmly supported our Party's revolution, and made important contributions to the Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army.
Zhang Ruxin and Chairman Mao were both close friends and literary friends; during the Red Army and Yan'an period, he actively engaged in party history research and revolutionary education, and made immortal contributions to our party's foothold in Yan'an.
After the founding of New China, Zhang Ruxin successively served as president of Northeast Normal University, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and became a well-known theoretician and philosopher in the party, and in January 1976, Zhang Ruxin died of illness in Shanghai at the age of 68.
Gao Chuanxi. Gao Chuanxian, director of the Youth Department of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, a native of Suichuan, Jiangxi, participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1927 and served as the chief of the youth section of the Political Department of the 4th Red Army and the political commissar of the model division of the Xingguo Army. Gao Chuanxian was a soldier brought out of Jinggangshan by Chairman Mao, who was killed and killed in Shaowu, Fujian, in May 1933.
Song Yuhe. Song Yuhe, director of the No. 4 Bureau of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, a native of Rucheng, Hunan, joined the revolution in 1926 and successively served as chairman of the Yanshou Township Agricultural Association of Rucheng County, political commissar of the Radio Corps of the Fourth Red Army, and director of the grain bureau of the government of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. Song Yuhe was the leader of our army's logistics supply front; during the period of the Red Army and the War of Resistance Against Japan, he presided over our army's logistics support work for a long time and made important contributions to the development of our army.
After the founding of New China, he assisted Comrade Yang Lisan in taking charge of the mainland's food industry and construction engineering department. On December 12, 1970, Song Yuhe died of illness in Fuzhou at the age of 68.
Xu Mengqiu. Xu Mengqiu, born in Shou County, Anhui Province in 1901, participated in the Eastern Crusade against Chen Jiongming, and served as director of the Political Department of the 1st Division of the 1st Army of the National Revolutionary Army, secretary general of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, and director of the Political Department of the 1st Army of the Red Army. Xu Mengqiu was the founder of the Shou County Special Branch, the first party organization in Anhui Province, but this man was unscrupulous, and while working in Xinjiang, he and Pan defected to the enemy, and later, he joined the Kuomintang and served as the head of the special research group of the Military Unification Bureau.
In 1949, when the People's Liberation Army liberated Nanjing, Xu Mengqiu was arrested and brought to justice, and on May 22, 1976, he died of illness in prison at the age of 75.
Liu Xiping. Liu Xiping, political commissar of the Pengyang Infantry School, a native of Ji'an, Jiangxi Province, graduated from the sixth phase of the Whampoa Military Academy and served as director of the Political Department of the 11th Red Army and principal of the Party School of the Red Fourth Front Army. Although Liu Xiping was a graduate of Huangpu, he was also undisciplined, and during his tenure in Xinjiang, Liu Xiping, Xu Mengqiu and three others defected to the enemy. In 1949, Liu Xiping was executed in a public trial.
Sun Fali. Sun Fali, principal of the Red Army Special Branch School, was born in Liuyang, Hunan Province in 1898, went to France for work-study in 1920, and served as director of the Political Department of the 3rd Division of the Red 5th Army and principal of the Central Artillery School. Sun Fali is a rare cadre in our army who has studied in France for 10 years and has made important contributions to the formation of our party's party organization in France.
After the Red Army's Long March, Sun Fali was ordered to lead the Soviet troops to contain the enemy army, and in February 1935, the enemy launched an attack on Youshan, where our Central Branch Bureau is located, and Sun Fali died unfortunately on the way to break through at the age of 37.
2. The 1st Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
After the reorganization of the Red First Army, the 1st Army of the former 1st Red Front Army was placed under the command of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, of which the 1st Red Army had three corps, the 3rd Red Army, the 4th Red Army, and the 12th Red Army was under its jurisdiction, and the commanders of each army were Zhou Zikun, Zhou Kun, and Luo Binghui respectively.
1st Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army:
Marshal Lin Biao, commander of the corps, martyr Zuo Quan, chief of staff, Deng Xiaoping, director of the Political Department, Marshal Luo Ronghuan, political commissar, and Senior General Luo Ruiqing, director of the Political Security Bureau;
Red 3rd Army: Army Commander Zhou Zikun, Political Commissar Ge Yaoshan, Political Department Directors Li Tao and Zeng Risan, Chief of Staff Chen Qihan;
Red 4th Army: Commander Zhou Kun, Directors of the Political Department Li Renyu, Tan Zheng, Hu Alin, Political Commissar Luo Ruiqing;
Red 12th Army: Chief of Staff Martyr Lin Ye, Political Department Directors Li Mingguang and He Xingnan, Political Commissar Tan Zhenlin, and Luo Binghui served as commanders of the 12th Army.
Ge Yaoshan. Ge Yaoshan, political commissar of the 3rd Red Army, was a famous general in the early days of our army, who participated in the third armed uprising of Shanghai workers and successively served as political commissar of the 35th Army of the Red Army and political commissar of the 7th Army of the Red Army. Ge Yaoshan was a well-known leader of the labor movement in the early days of our party, and during his tenure in the Central Soviet Region, he commanded troops to participate in operations and made important contributions to the growth of the Central Red Army.
Ge Yaoshan once presided over the "suppression of rebellion" in the 7th Red Army, and martyrs such as Li Mingrui and Xu Jin died because of it. In the summer of 1933, he drowned in Ruijin Ningdu Port at the age of 29.
Hualind. Hu Alin is a well-known revolutionary in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province, who served as secretary of the Caojiadu District Committee of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai, political commissar of the 2nd Division of the 1st Army of the Red Army, and secretary of the Hangzhou County Party Committee, and is the founder of the Dongyang Independent Branch. In his early years, Hu Alin mainly engaged in the peasant movement, and on December 7, 1933, he died heroically in the battle of Daxiong Pass at the age of 32.
Forest wilderness. Lin Ye, chief of staff of the Red 12th Army, was the founder of the western Fujian base, he was a native of Yichang, Hubei Province, graduated from the fourth phase of Huangpu, and served as director of the training department of the Red Army school. At the end of 1934, because of the expansion of the defense bureau of the Soviet region left behind, Lin Ye was unfortunately wrongly killed in the Honglin cave at the age of 32.
3. The 3rd Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
At the time of the reorganization of the 1st Red Army, the 3rd Red Army, which was originally part of the headquarters of the Red First Army, was also placed under the command of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, of which the 3rd Red Army had four corps, the Red 5th, the 7th, the 8th and the 16th Red Army, and the commanders of each army were Deng Ping, Li Mingrui, He Changgong, and Kong Hepet.
3rd Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army:
Marshal Peng Dehuai, commander of the corps, martyr Deng Ping, chief of staff, Zhang Wenbin and Xu Jingguo, directors of the Political Security Bureau, Teng Daiyuan, political commissar, and Yuan Guoping, director of the Political Department;
5th Red Army: Commander Deng Ping, Political Department Directors Wu Yanzhi and Huang Kecheng, Political Commissar Zhang Wenbin;
1st Division of the 5th Red Army: division commanders Li Cheng and Li Shicheng, political commissar Hou Zhongying;
Red 7th Army: Army Commander Li Mingrui, Political Commissars Le Shaohua and Chen Akin, Political Department Director Ye Jizhuang, Chief of Staff Zhang Yunyi;
Red 8th Army: Political Commissar Yuan Guoping, Army Commander He Changgong;
4th Division of the Red 8th Army: Division commanders Huang Yezhen and Dong Yunqiao, Political Commissar Shi Hengzhong;
Red 16th Army: Commander Kong Hepet, Chief of Staff Yu Xingxing, Political Commissar Yu Zhaolong, Director of the Political Department Wu Tianyi.
Lee practiced. Li Chengcheng, commander of the 1st Division of the 5th Red Army, a native of Hengshan, Hunan, joined the revolution in 1923 and served as secretary of the Yuebei Farmers' Trade Union, instructor of the peasant movement in Hengshan County, and leader of the Pingliu guerrilla. Before joining the Red Army, Li Chengcheng organized the peasant movement in Hengshan and other places for a long time, and won the trust of the party organization.
In 1928, Li Cheng was ordered to Liuyang and other places to organize Red Army guerrillas, and the following year, the 2nd Battalion of the 5th Red Army arrived in the Liuyang area, and Li Chengsui served as the leader of the 5th Group of the newly established 3rd Column of the 5th Red Army.
After 1929, Li Cheng participated in the attack on Changsha and the first and second anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations, and gradually rose to the rank of division commander of the Red Army. In 1931, he died in the Battle of Shiwanzhou in Jiangxi at the age of 29.
Li Shicheng. Li Shicheng, the successor commander of the 1st Division of the 5th Red Army, was a native of Zixing, Hunan, who joined the revolution in 1926 and served as secretary of the Zixing County People's Association and member of the Zixing County CPC Committee. Li Shicheng was the founder of the Zixing Party organization, and in November 1933, he was arrested and killed in Zixing at the age of 29.
Li Mingrui. Li Mingrui, commander of the Red 7th Army, was the leader of the Baise Uprising in our army, and he was originally the commander-in-chief of the appeasement of Guangxi Province of the Gui Army and joined the Red Army in 1929. Before joining our army, Li Mingrui fought against Yuan Huguo, the warlord Deng Benyin of the Southern Expedition, and the Northern Expedition, and made outstanding contributions to the reunification of the country.
In 1929, Deng Xiaoping and Zhang Yunyi launched the Baise Uprising in Baise and Li Mingrui was infected by our party, so he joined the Red Army and has been a member of our army ever since.
In 1931, the Red 7th Army arrived in the Central Soviet Region, and under the authorization of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, Li Mingrui served as the commander of the newly reorganized Red 7th Army. On October 23 of the same year, because of the expansion of the purge, he was mistakenly killed in Yudu, Jiangxi Province, at the age of 35.
Chen Akin. Chen Ajin, also known as Chen Jiangan, was born in 1898 in Funing County, Jiangsu Province, participated in the third armed uprising of Shanghai workers in 1927, and served as political commissar of the cannon brigade of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Military and Political School, political commissar of the 5th Division and 6th Division of the 3rd Army of the Red Army. Chen Ajin is a worker, studied in the Soviet Union in the twenties of the last century, and won the trust of the Party Central Committee.
In August 1934, Chen Ajin led the 5th Division of the Red 3rd Army into the Battle of Gaohu Brain, and when the battle was fierce, he led the attack and was unfortunately killed by an enemy air attack at the age of 36.
Shi Heng Bell. Shi Hengzhong, political commissar of the 4th Division of the 8th Army of the Red Army, is a native of Huangmei, Hubei Province, who graduated from the third phase of the Whampoa Military Academy and served as the party representative of the 2nd Detachment of the 5th Army of the Red Army and the political commissar of the 4th Division of the 8th Army of the Red Army. After the Long March of the Red Army, Shi Hengzhong led the 71st Regiment of the Red 24th Division to fight in the Soviet area, and in the spring of 1935, he was shot and killed on the border of Xianggan at the age of 32.
Yu invented. Yu Xingxing, chief of staff of the Red 16th Army, was born in Pingjiang, Hunan Province in 1908, participated in the Pingjiang Uprising and the battle against Changsha, and successively served as the commander of the 1st Regiment of the 1st Division of the 5th Red Army, the commander of the 9th Division of the Red 16th Army and the commander of the Red 16th Division. After the main forces of the Red Army were transferred, he insisted on fighting in the Soviet region with Chen Shouchang and Fu Qiutao, making important contributions to the expansion of the Xiang-Hubei base area.
On June 14, 1934, Yu Xingxing fell to a fish pool due to a stump, at the age of 26.
Yu Zhaolong. Yu Zhaolong, political commissar of the Red 16th Army, was born in Cili, Hunan in 1905, graduated from Changde Provincial No. 2 Normal School, and served as a party representative of the 2nd Column of the 5th Red Army, the principal of the Red Military and Political School in Xiang-Hubei-Gansu, and the director of the Political Department of the Red 8th Army. Yu Zhaolong was the head of the early student federation in Changde, and after the defeat of the Great Revolution, he transferred to the leadership of the Xiang-Ganbi Border Region and became the leader of the Xiang-Hubei base area.
In 1933, due to the expansion of the purge, Yu Zhaolong was unfortunately killed by mistake at the age of 28.
4. The 35th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
After the reorganization of the Red First Army, the Red 35 Army, which was originally under the headquarters of the Red First Army, was placed under the direct jurisdiction of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, of which Deng Yigang was the commander of the Red 35 Army and Li Jingquan, political commissar.
The Central Military Commission directly subordinate to the Red 35th Army:
Army commander Deng Yigang martyr, chief of staff Song Shilun, political commissar Li Jingquan, and political department director Luo Guibo.
Song Shichakra. Song Shilun, chief of staff of the Red 35th Army, was the founding general of New China; he was originally the political commissar of the column of the Southeast Hunan Independent Division, and was transferred to the Red 35th Army in 1931. Song Shilun fought bravely, and after the founding of New China, he was awarded the rank of general along with 54 other generals.
To sum up, 14 responsible persons of the two corps and eight corps after the reorganization of the Red First Army died before the founding of the People's Republic of China, and they are all people's heroes and will always be remembered by the people.