<h1 toutiao-origin="h2" > No. 64 of 2020</h1>
In accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of China and the Protocol between the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China and the Department of Agriculture of the United States of America on the Phytosanitary Requirements for the Export of Fresh Blueberries from the United States to China, the import of Fresh Blueberries from the United States that meets the relevant requirements is allowed from the date of this announcement. Quarantine requirements for imported fresh U.S. blueberries are hereby published (see annex).
This is hereby announced.
Annex: Quarantine requirements for imported fresh blueberries from the United States .doc
Customs
May 13, 2020
annex
Quarantine requirements for imported U.S. fresh blueberries
1. Basis for inspection and quarantine
(1) The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Quarantine of Animals and Plants Entering and Leaving china and the Regulations on the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Quarantine of Animals and Plants Entering and Leaving the Country;
(2) The Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China and the Regulations for the Implementation of the Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China;
(3) Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Inspection and Quarantine of Imported Fruits;
(4) Protocol between the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China and the Department of Agriculture of the United States of America on Phytosanitary Requirements for the Export of Fresh Blueberries from the United States to China.
2. The names of commodities allowed to enter the country
Commodity-grade fresh blueberries, scientific names Vaccinium corymbosum, V. virgatum and their hybrids, English name Fresh blueberry (hereinafter referred to as "blueberry").
3. Permitted places of origin
California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oregon, Washington and other blueberry producing areas.
4. Approved orchards and packaging plants
The Department of Agriculture of the United States of America (hereinafter referred to as "USDA") is required to establish a traceability system for blueberry orchards and packaging plants exported to China to accurately trace the origin of exported products in the event of non-compliance. Blueberry packers or consignors must be reviewed and filed by USDA and approved for registration by the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "GACC"). Registered packaging plants need to establish a traceability system to ensure that the blueberries can be accurately traced back to the supply orchards, and the list of registered orchards needs to be archived in the packaging plant for review by USDA and GACC during on-site inspection. Prior to the start of each export season, USDA provides GACC with a list of registered businesses, and a list of approved packers or shippers is available on the GACC website.
5. Quarantine pests of concern to the Chinese side
1． Bilberry spotted borer Acrobasis vaccinii
2． Li xiang Conotrachelus nenuphar
3． Sakura heartworm Grapholita packardi
4． Elm shield worm Lepidosaphes ulmi
5． Lingonberry around the fruit fly Rhagoletis mendax
6． Blueberry fruit rot bacteria Diaporthe vaccinii
7． Blueberry end rot fungus Godronia cassandrae
8． Blueberry disc polyspore fruit rot fungus Pestalotia vaccinii
9． Blueberry dry blight monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi
6. Pre-export requirements
(1) Registered orchard management.
1． Orchards must be monitored, prevented and integrated pests under the supervision of USDA-authorized personnel to avoid the occurrence of quarantine pests of concern to the Chinese side and maintain good phytosanitary conditions in export production areas.
2． Orchards must be managed in accordance with the integrated pest management (IPM) guidelines established by the U.S. Federal or State Agency for Agricultural Extension and Cooperation, and risk management measures should be taken against quarantine pests of Chinese concern (see attached). Upon request, the USDA will provide guidance to GACC.
3． Targets plum elephants and lingonberries around the fruit fly. The blueberry-producing areas of California, Oregon, and Washington are jointly recognized as non-endemic areas by GACC and USDA. If plum elephants and bilberry fly are found in non-epidemic areas, the non-epidemic status of the production area will be cancelled, and intensive trapping, investigation and comprehensive prevention and control work will be carried out in the production area. Continuous surveillance and investigations have not been found for 12 months before the conditions for regaining non-epidemic status can be met. Upon request, the USDA provides monitoring data to GACC.
4． If any new pests are found in the blueberry production area that have not been assessed by GACC, the pests must be identified. THE USDA shall notify GACC as soon as possible so that GACC can evaluate whether it is a quarantine pest and, if necessary, take appropriate quarantine measures.
5． Upon request, USDA provides GACC with procedures and results for pest monitoring and integrated management measures.
6． Records should be kept for at least one year or until the end of the next export season for easy traceability to orchards, including pests of quarantine significance and risk reduction measures. Upon request, USDA will provide GACC with relevant records.
(2) Registered packaging plant management.
1． The processing, packaging, storage and shipment of blueberries shall be carried out under quarantine supervision by the USDA or USDA authorized personnel.
2． Before packaging, blueberries should be picked and graded to ensure they do not carry insects, mites, rotten fruits, leaves, branches, roots and soil.
3． For quarantine pests of concern to the Chinese side, post-harvest risk control measures such as sampling and testing are necessary.
4． All blueberries exported to China are required to take safety precautions after harvesting to prevent infestation by pests of Chinese concern and to store them separately from blueberries exported to other markets.
(3) Packaging requirements.
1． The packaging materials for blueberries exported to China should be clean, unused, and comply with China's relevant phytosanitary requirements.
2． Each blueberry box should be labeled with the orchard's registration number (or production plot number), the name of the packer or the consignor.
3． Each pallet is marked "Exported to the People's Republic of China" in Chinese or English. If pallets are not in use, each box should be marked with Chinese or In English as "Exported to the People's Republic of China."
4． If wood packaging is used, it must comply with the requirements of International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 (ISPM 15).
5． Containers containing blueberries exported to China must be checked for good sanitary conditions when packing, and the exporter shall make relevant records for USDA inspection.
(4) Quarantine treatment requirements.
Blueberries produced in Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, and North Carolina shall be fumigated with brominomethane under the supervision of THE USDA or its authorized personnel and by personnel registered or recognized in each state with fumigation qualifications. The specific fumigation indicators are as follows:
1. At 27.7 °C or higher, 32 g/m3 for 2 hours;
2. At 22.2°C — 27.2°C, 32 g/m3 for 2.5 hours;
3. At 16.6°C—21.6°C, 32 g/m3 for 3 hours;
At 10°C — 16.1°C, 32 g/m3 for 3.5 h.
(5) Quarantine before export.
USDA or USDA authorized personnel shall conduct a sampling inspection of each batch of blueberries exported to China in the proportion of 2%, and carry out a 100% inspection of the samples taken. All suspicious blueberry samples of fruit will be examined by cut fruit.
If no phytosanitary problems occur in the first year of trade, the proportion of sample inspections per shipment before export may be reduced to 1 per cent.
During the inspection process, if live quarantine pests of Chinese concern are found, the entire shipment and blueberries from relevant registered orchards shall not be exported to China.
(6) Requirements for phytosanitary certificates.
Blueberries that have passed quarantine shall be issued a phytosanitary certificate by USDA or its authorized personnel. The name of the packer or shipper and the number of the production plot should be indicated in the phytosanitary certificate and the following additional statement should be completed: "The consignment complies with Protocol of Phytosanitary Requirements for the Export of Fresh Blueberry from U.S.A. to China, and is free of any." quarantine pests of concern to China.” (The shipment complies with the protocol on phytosanitary requirements for the export of fresh blueberries from the United States to China and does not carry any quarantine pests of concern to the Chinese side.) For fumigation treatment, the dose of bromomethane, the treatment temperature and the duration must also be indicated on the phytosanitary certificate.
7. Entry inspection and quarantine and unqualified treatment
When blueberries arrive at the Chinese port of entry, the Chinese customs implements quarantine in accordance with the following requirements.
(1) Verification of relevant certificates and logos.
1． Verify whether imported blueberries have obtained the Quarantine Permit for Imported Animals and Plants.
2． Verify whether the phytosanitary certificate complies with the provisions of Paragraph (6) of Article 6 of these Requirements.
3． Check whether the markings on the box comply with the provisions of Paragraph (3) of Article 6 of these Requirements.
(2) Entry inspection and quarantine.
1． Blueberries can be transported by air or sea.
2． Blueberries exporting to China will enter from all ports where GACC allows imports of fruit.
3． In accordance with relevant laws, administrative regulations, rules and other provisions, the implementation of inspection and quarantine of imported blueberries, after inspection and quarantine passed, allowed to enter.
(3) Handling that does not meet the requirements.
1． If found to be from an unapproved packer or shipper, the batch of blueberries is not allowed to enter.
2． If live quarantine pests of Chinese concern are found, the GACC will implement them in accordance with the provisions of the Memorandum of Understanding on Procedures for The Interception of Quarantine Pests from Fresh Fruits signed by the two sides in 2012.
8. Retrospective review
In the event of quarantine problems (e.g. repeated interception of quarantine pests at ports of entry), or significant changes in the status of pests, GACC will conduct further risk assessments and negotiate with USDA to adjust the quarantine pest list and related phytosanitary measures. At the same time, the GACC may send quarantine officers to relevant production areas to investigate the implementation of pest control measures such as pest monitoring and control, packaging management, and pre-export inspection in orchards with the assistance of USDA.
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Risk control measures for quarantine pests that China is concerned about
1. Pre-harvest management
Under the supervision of the USDA or its authorized personnel, blueberry orchards must be planted and managed in accordance with IPM guidelines to monitor the occurrence of pests to determine whether control measures such as insecticidal or sterilization are required.
Monitoring includes detecting adult insects using pheromone traps (if effective entrapments are available), or conducting regular visual inspections of production orchards for pests or pest hazards (e.g., nibbling marks or plant disease characteristics). Orchard monitoring of blueberries will be done by an accredited pest control consultant or under their supervision by trained personnel.
(a) Bilberry bee spotted borer Acrobasis vaccinii and cherry blossom heartworm Grapholita packardi.
If bilberry spot borer and cherry heartworm are found in monitoring, insecticides should be used for prevention and control. Monitoring can detect adult worms by placing pheromone traps, or by visual examination to detect the presence of eggs and/or larvae. In addition, growers can choose to use pesticides as a precaution based on the relevant phenological model.
(ii) Li Xiang Conotrachelus nenuphar.
If hazards of plum elephants are found in monitoring or there is a history of infestation of plum elephants in the field, it is recommended to use insecticides for prevention and control.
(c) Lingonberry around the fruit fly Rhagoletis mendax.
Blueberry orchards from Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, and North Carolina should be managed and controlled in accordance with IPM guidelines.
(iv) Elm shield worm Lepidosaphes ulmi.
For the elm oyster shield oyster, regular pruning work is required in the orchards. If necessary, hibernation season oil or insecticides for larvae can be applied for control.
(5) Blueberry fruit rot bacteria Diaporthe vaccinii, blueberry end rot godronia cassandrae, blueberry disc polyspore fruit rot fungus Pestalotia vaccinii.
For blueberry fruit rot bacteria, blueberry end rot bacteria and blueberry disc polyspore fruit rot bacteria, blueberry orchards that have experienced the above diseases must carry out disease symptom monitoring. When necessary, cultivation control measures and timely administration of fungicides must be used for joint prevention and control.
(vi) Blueberry dry blight Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi.
Blueberry orchards must be monitored for blueberry blight hazards in late winter/early spring. If any hazards are found, an effective fungicide should be used. In addition, protective fungicides can also be applied in orchards to prevent infection of the pathogen, such as the use of fungicides at the time of leaf emergence, which can prevent primary (leaf bud) infection, and the use of fungicides during flowering, which can prevent secondary (flower) infections.
Growers are required to keep records of orchard pest management, monitoring and control measures throughout the blueberry growing season. In the event of non-compliance, details of the pest control plan must be provided to GACC upon request.
All fresh blueberry fruits exported to China should be picked by hand, excluding fruits suspected of pest and disease infestation.
2. Post-harvest management
Post-harvest quarantine pest risk control measures are as follows:
(a) Sampling and testing of blueberries transported from the production plot to the packaging plant in accordance with the approved fruit extraction method to confirm the absence of pests such as bilberry spot borer and cherry heartworm.
1． Each sample contains at least 1 liter of fruit.
2． Detect the presence of larvae in the sample using brown sugar or saline solution and prepare the solution according to the following example:
(1) Sugar solution: 3.5 kg of brown sugar dissolved in 20 liters of water, the concentration of the solution is not less than 15%.
(2) Saline solution: 1 liter of salt dissolved in 16 liters of water.
3． Place the fruit samples in a container large enough that the fruit is distributed in a monolayer at the bottom of the container that can be gently crushed.
4． When adding the solution, the fruit will be covered with at least 1 cm.
5． Under the supervision of THE USDA or its authorized officers, the solution is inspected by trained packing plant staff for larvals.
6． If larvae are present in the solution, they will begin to appear immediately, and most of the larvae will emerge from within 15 minutes.
7． The detected larvae are collected and identified by a USDA-authorized regulatory officer.
(b) If any live bilberry spot borer or cherry heartworm larvae are detected during the fruit extraction process, the batch of fruits will not be allowed to be packaged for export to China.
(3) If the blueberries are exported to China, they must be fumigated and do not use the fruit extraction method.
(4) At the beginning of the packaging process, the fruit should be washed by high-pressure air to remove leaves, plant residues and small or dry fruits.
(5) In the packaging process, the fruit needs to be sorted automatically and manually to remove all deformed or damaged fruits.
(f) Each shipment is subject to appropriate sampling and phytosanitary inspections, including the dissection and internal inspection of suspicious fruits, to ensure that the goods do not carry quarantine pests of concern to the Chinese side.
Third, targeted management measures
The blueberry-producing areas of California, Oregon, and Washington are recognized by the GACC and THE USDA as non-epidemic areas for plum elephants and lingonberries.
Blueberries produced in Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, and North Carolina should be fumigated with bromomethane. For specific fumigation indicators, see paragraph (4) of Article 6 of these Requirements.
In accordance with the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) equivalence standards, the GACC and USDA agreed to consider and amend the Protocol to add effective and proven phytosanitary measures, including systematic control measures or any other phytosanitary treatments, as an alternative to fumigation treatments.