Pufferfish: A collective name for the bony fish of the family Pufferfish, commonly known as "pufferfish". Since ancient times, the puffer fish eaten in China has been wild in the river, and it is named the river "dolphin" because it will make a pig-like chirping sound when it catches the water. In ancient times, it was called "lungfish". Pufferfish are warm temperate and tropical offshore demersal fish, inhabiting the middle and lower layers of the ocean, a small number of species into the freshwater rivers, when encountering external dangers, the entire body in a spherical floating water, while the skin of the small thorns erected, in order to defend themselves. Common are redfin oriental pufferfish, dark-striped oriental pufferfish, black gill rabbitfish, concave-nosed pufferfish, black-spotted fork-nosed pufferfish and so on. Pufferfish muscles are as white as frost, the meat is delicious, tender and delicious, high in protein and rich in nutrients. Only the liver, reproductive glands and blood contain toxins and can only be consumed after treatment. After pickling, it is commonly known as "wolf carp". The ovaries can produce tetrodotoxin crystals for medicinal purposes.
Pufferfish are rich in DHA, EPA, eight "amino acids" and a variety of trace elements that are essential and cannot be synthesized by the human body. The content of selenium, zinc and other elements with anti-cancer and anti-aging effects is higher than that of turtles and sea cucumbers. Safe consumption of pufferfish has the effect of enhancing human immunity, replenishing the brain, improving vision, and inhibiting tumors. In addition, pufferfish also has the effect of strengthening the stomach and nourishing the stomach. Japan, Korea and China in Asia are very fond of eating pufferfish; those who have tasted it have praised: "If you don't eat pufferfish, you don't know the taste of fish." "Eating puffer meat, in addition to tasting its deliciousness, also has the functions of lowering blood pressure, treating waist and leg soreness, and restoring energy." When eating pufferfish, the first thing to keep the muscles fresh is to be extremely strict. The method is to cut the fish body along the spine, tear off the skin, cut off the head, dig out the internal organs, and wash the fish meat repeatedly in clean water to completely remove the blood before eating. The export price of one ton of fresh river pufferfish is as high as more than 3,000 US dollars. In Japan, each kilogram of live fish is more than 40 yuan and the supply is in short supply. In order to meet the japanese people's demand for pufferfish, the relevant Japanese institutions have repeatedly consulted with the relevant parties in our country and hope to import pufferfish from China. In addition to fresh food, it can also be pickled into salty and dried products, which is safer to eat. The method of curing is: the washed fish meat, add 5 to 10% salt, half a month after the sun, such as adding a certain amount of alkaline substances in the pickling process, such as sodium carbonate, etc., can more effectively destroy pufferfish toxins.
1. Income time: Fry weighing 3-4g are placed in cages from June to July, up to about 400g by the end of December, and more than 1000g by the end of the second year. At this time, you can harvest and go to market.
2. Technical essentials: breeding methods
(1) Breeding methods and breeding environment: Aquaculture marine areas require clean water quality and rich dissolved oxygen, no red tide occurrence, no pollutants and sewage inflow. Cage culture should choose sheltered inlet bay, transparency requirements of 7-8m, flow rate of 10cm/s as a knot, the most suitable water temperature 16-23 when the water temperature is lower than 9 or higher than 28 is not conducive to its growth.
(2) Grow-out and growth: Fry weighing 3-4g are placed in cages from June to July, up to about 400g by the end of December, and more than 1000g by the end of the second year. At this time, you can harvest and go to market. The best listing specification for the redfin oriental dolphin is 1kg, which has the highest price. In order to achieve a better breeding effect, the weight of the fish should reach more than 350g before wintering. The water temperature is suitable for growth until December, so it is necessary to feed plenty of food. During the wintering period, when the fish are still able to feed, it is also necessary to ensure a small amount of feeding as much as possible to prevent weight loss and stable survival rate. Normal growth resumes from April after overwintering.
(3) Specific management measures:
1) Before releasing seedlings, we should select seedlings with consistent specifications, healthy and lively, and at the same time understand the management status of the seedling stage and whether there are deformed seedlings.
2) Before the seedlings are stocked, a medicinal bath must be carried out to prevent the invasion of parasites and other diseases.
3) Large containers should be used as much as possible when transferring fry and transporting them, so as to avoid injury to fingerlings and fry.
4) The best way to prevent residual eating is to produce and use healthy seedlings. Healthy seed exhibits cluster activity in cages and ponds, where residues are less likely to occur.
5) From May to November, it is best to sort twice, and when changing the net, it is best to connect the new and old nets together, so that the fish naturally transfers to avoid abrasions of the fish body.
6) Chilled bait is best processed with ice, try to maintain the freshness of the bait, and prevent protein deterioration. Fresh bait should be fed from the early morning to increase the motivation of fry to feed on bait
7) Bait type and feeding method: Bran shrimp, shrimp, jade tendon fish are used in the juvenile stage, in addition to the use of sardines, mackerel, jade tendon fish in the grow-out period, but also use spots, six-lined fish, saury and horse mackerel. In order to improve the quality of the fish at the time of harvest, squid, shrimp, oysters, clams and other dishes are sometimes fed.
(4) Project advantages:
1) Puffer fish farming has good economic benefits, the current market seedlings are 1 yuan / tail, and the price of adult fish has reached 130 yuan / kg.
2) Puffer fish farming is currently an unpopular breeding project, and with the maturity of cooking technology, the sales of puffer fish will explode.
3) Puffer fish and Yangtze River knifefish are both Yangtze River three fresh, the current price of knife fish in recent years has risen dozens of times, the sales market prospects of puffer fish are good.