Everyone knows the "night of the long knife" in the history of Nazi Germany, and the head of the SA, Rohm, was bloodied due to a conflict with Hitler, and the SA fell as a result. But before Rohm, the Nazi SA also had a "deviant" and perverse rebellious figure, he was a senior commander of the Nazi SA, and a good buddy of Goering, it is logical that he should be a diehard Nazi fan.
Walter. Stennes
However, this man contradicted Hitler several times, led his SA to create a rebellion against the Führer, and even smashed the Nazi party office, pushing the unformed SS to the ground. He later transformed himself into China to become Chiang Kai-shek's military and intelligence adviser, and even more bizarrely, he also worked as a Soviet spy, an overly complex and messy man whose name was Walter. Stennes.
Walter. Franz. Maria. Stennes, born in April 1895, entered the German Junior Military Academy at a young age, and at the age of 15 transferred to the Richterfeld Military Academy in Berlin, which produced many famous figures and many famous German senior commanders during World War II.
Stenness studied at the Richterfeld Military Academy for three years, where he became good buddies with a handsome, slender classmate named Hermann. Göring, the second most powerful figure in later Nazi Germany, of course, was far less obese as a student at this time.
What Goering looked like when he was young
The year after graduating from Stennes Military Academy, World War I broke out and he entered the war with the rank of lieutenant. He was wounded many times in the war and received many awards, including the Iron Cross of the First Class, the Knight of the House of Hohenzollern, the Lipps War Cross, and the Silver War Badge.
It can be seen that Stennes is also a master who dares to fight, and if he stays in the army and continues to develop, he may become a general who commands thousands of troops in World War II. But after World War I, Stennes left Germany's remaining 100,000 defenders to become a commander in a Free Corps, and later as a policeman at the Berlin Security Police headquarters.
Throughout the twenties, German society was in turmoil, with various political forces vying for the deer, when a small, little-known group began to emerge: the Nazi Party. Hitler invited Stennes to join the Nazis in 1920 as the head of the Nazi military activities and intelligence, but Stennes, who had distinguished himself in World War I and had deep social connections, was far more famous and connected at this time than the Austrian exempted soldier Hitler, and he had thousands of reasons to despise Hitler and his Nazis: just with these rotten eggs and rotten tomatoes, it is strange that it can achieve great things!
Therefore, he looked away and did not hesitate to refuse the enthusiastic invitation of the future Fuhrer, thus missing the good opportunity to soar, but it was his old classmate Herman who began to make a fortune. Goering, leaving aside the vanity of the Air Force hero, deigned to join the Nazi Party and became Hitler's right-hand man.
As it turned out, Goering's choice was correct, and more than a decade later, Goering and Stennes had a different ending. But the facts have proved that Theon lost his horse and knew that it was not a blessing, and more than twenty years later, the end of Goering and Stennes is still not the same.
Göring joined the Nazis as head of the SA and later became commander of the Luftwaffe and Reich Field Marshal
While Stenness continued to toss, the Nazis also gradually developed into a powerful political force, seeing that his former little friend Goering followed Hitler with a shiny face and a full of fat, Sternnes could no longer sit still, so reserved is after all floating clouds, dense trees can take advantage of the cool, what a painful understanding. But it was not too late, and in May 1927, despite his inner struggles, Stennes finally joined the Nazis. This was seven years after Hitler originally invited him to join, and although he joined a little later and had no seniority within the Nazis, Hitler did not fail him and let him succeed Kurt. Dárüg served as supreme commander of the SA in Berlin and eastern Germany.
Kurt. Dárüg, later Chief of the Order Police of Nazi Germany
Although Stenness joined the Nazis, he still did not look at Hitler as an exempt soldier in his heart, which laid the groundwork for him to make a big fuss about the Nazi headquarters in the future.
The stormtroopers, a team of thugs formed in the early days of the Nazis to maintain their own safety and fight competitors, this job has no technical content, as long as it is strong enough, many unemployed workers, retired soldiers and even street gangsters for a small salary to support their families, all joined the stormtroopers. These people did not have much political beliefs and personal cultivation, and basically had milk or motherhood, which is one of the reasons why Stennes and later Röhm were able to support the army against Hitler.
The stormtroopers ran amok, and the police dared to step aside
It is said that after Stennes became the commander of the SA, he had good relations with Hitler and other Nazi high-ranking officials in the first few years, but in 1930, he and Hitler had serious differences in many areas. First, Hitler summed up the adverse effects of the failure of the beer hall riot and decided to change his strategy and seek power by campaigning, while Stennes and most of the SA thought that the election method was too cumbersome and preferred to seize power violently; Secondly, because Hitler decided to take a more "Sven" way to gain power, the stormtroopers, who had always been known for their barbarism, were bound to be snubbed, and they began to be marginalized within the Nazis, and their internal status, material rationing, salary and treatment were declining, so that many low-level stormtroopers often complained that they were tired like dogs every day to do endless dirty work, but the income was only enough to gnaw dry bread. And the Nazi bigwigs they went to protect every day lived in luxury.
Stenness is very dissatisfied with this situation, when you first worked together, you said that you should not forget each other, and now you have become bigger and stronger, and the brothers who follow your desperate efforts are still poor, excuse me, what about good happiness? Moreover, your mustache is not without money, you invested a lot of real money to decorate the Nazi headquarters magnificently, and you are not willing to give your brothers two pounds of elbows to improve their lives, which is too much to say, right?
Hitler received the SA wounded in the fight
As a result, Stenness had several cordial but unfriendly conversations with Hitler on such issues, and Hitler refused his demands without any exception, and Stenness could not swallow this bird's breath, and he decided to give Hitler a little color. Born from the army, Sternnes did not have any political skills, and his choice was simple and crude: military advice.
On August 30, 1930, Goebbels was about to give a speech at the Berlin Coliseum, but the SA, which was supposed to provide protection for the venue, went on strike and refused to provide protection. Goebbels had to turn to the SS to protect the venue. However, Goebbels did not expect that the SA not only did not protect him, but took the lead in making trouble during his speech, holding up banners and banners to make a big disturbance in the venue, demanding back salaries and benefits, and staging a rights defense drama, Goebbels had to hurriedly end his speech and hide in the headquarters of the Nazi Party in Berlin.
Goebbels in the office
If the demands were not fulfilled, how could Stennes give up, he simply did nothing, commanded the stormtroopers to break into the Nazi Berlin party office and the Nazi newspaper office on Herdmann Street, and began a crazy smashing operation, to say that doing something good for the people The stormtroopers are definitely laymen, but to do the business of smashing and robbing, the stormtroopers are a top master, they swept through the Nazi party headquarters in Berlin, beat the SS to the head, this is not angry, and finally actually threw two grenades and injured several SS members.
This formation made Goebbels' heart beat faster and cold sweat, and he dragged his disabled right leg and crawled to call Hitler to report the terrible events in Berlin. While Hitler was still attending the Wagner Festival in Bayreuth, the Führer's artistic enjoyment was interrupted by the SA rebellion in Berlin, and he hurried back to Berlin to deal with the tricky event himself.
Goebbels told Hitler that the discontent of the stormtroopers in Berlin must be quelled as soon as possible to prevent this anger from spreading throughout Germany. Hitler's top priority at this time was to run for the Reichstag, and the good impression on the electorate was the top priority, so he had to suppress his anger and apply a policy of softness to the SA, and after two negotiations with Stennes, basically agreed to all the conditions proposed by the SA. On September 1, Hitler convened a congress attended by 2,000 SA troopers, and he pushed all the previous failures to the SA leader Felix. On the head of Pfeffer, he announced that he would personally serve as the leader of the stormtroopers, and said that he would immediately improve the treatment of the stormtroopers, increase their salaries, and provide legal aid in the future after the stormtroopers were arrested for doing bad things.
After Hitler drew a colorful and fragrant scallion oil flatbread, the stormtroopers were ecstatic and the crisis was temporarily lifted, but the naturally rebellious Stennes was not so easy to fool, and it didn't take long for him to make a big deal again.
At the beginning of 1931, Hitler recalled Ernst, who was still in South America. Rom became chief of staff of the SA, which made Stennes resentful again, plus many of Hitler's wishes were not fulfilled, the most important thing was that the Nazis did not win an overwhelming seat in the parliamentary elections, Stennes began to promote the violent seizure of power, and Hitler had to dismiss him as the leader of the SA's Eastern Region. Stennes became so angry that he decided to rise up against Hitler again, and on the night of March 31, 1931, Stennes led the SA to occupy the Nazi headquarters and take control of the newspaper office. The next day, the Stennes edition of the newspaper published an article accusing Hitler of violating the Nazi purpose and colluding with the bourgeoisie, confusing the German people, not knowing whether this was an April Fool's joke or the editor-in-chief of the newspaper took the wrong medicine, in any case, Sternnes was completely turned on the Nazis.
This time, Hitler and Goebbels were no longer polite to Stennes, announcing the dismissal of Stennes from all his posts, his expulsion from the Nazis, and the use of all means to purge the stormtroopers and suppress the rebellion.
Stennes had hoped to use this rebellion to divide the Nazis, bringing most of the SA into his camp and thus forming a political force that rivaled Hitler in order to achieve his political ambitions. But his wishful thinking fell through, and his little political savvy was inferior to schoolchildren in front of sophisticated politicians such as Hitler and Goebbels.
After turning against the Nazis, Stennes defected to the Weimar regime, and also gathered some SA regional leaders to form a group called the "National Socialist Fighting Front" to openly oppose Hitler, so angry that Hitler sent a lawyer's letter directly to Stennes, warning Stennes to use the term "National Socialism" for alleged infringement and immediate rectification, otherwise he would have to fight him. By the time the Nazis came to power, Stennes had the most dangerous moment of his life.
In May 1933, Stennes was arrested and placed in protective detention at the Korumbide concentration camp in Berlin, where he was released a few months later due to the Nazis' rise to power, coupled with Stennes' social connections and the care of his old classmate Goering, who demanded that he leave Germany and go wherever he could except Switzerland.
In November 1933, Stennes arrived in Shanghai with his wife and daughter, he came to China as a German military adviser, and was deeply trusted and valued by Chiang Kai-shek, not only serving as his military adviser, but also serving as the commander of Chiang Kai-shek's guard, he helped the Kuomintang army to reorganize the "adjustment division" according to the standards of the Prussian army, that is, we often call the German armor division. In addition, he was involved in Chiang Kai-shek's intelligence system, which led to the work of Joseph Smith, the head of the Gestapo in Japan by Nazi Germany. Messinger fought hotly, took a lot of information from Messinger's mouth and other channels, and handed it over to another German, Sorge.
Stenness in Japan
Sorge was a Soviet-trained spy, and Stennes had nothing to do with the Soviets, so why would he provide intelligence to the Soviets? All this stemmed from his concern for his own safety, and he always believed that sooner or later the Nazis would brutally retaliate against him, so he volunteered to become a Soviet spy to leave himself an extra way back, and Soviet intelligence gave him the code name "friend".
After the outbreak of World War II, Nazi Germany repeatedly asked him to return to Germany, but Stennes refused to return to Germany, and when other military advisers returned to Germany, Stennes remained in China until 1949, when the Kuomintang defeated Taiwan.
Stenness in China
After World War II, West Germany had no room for Stennes to toss, and he was involved in some political activities but had little impact, in no way comparable to the feat of occupying the Nazi headquarters. However, he lived safely to the age of 88 and died in May 1983.
Stennes is an important figure in the history of the pre-Nazi period, because he did things that intended to divide the Nazis, and directly acted on them, the impact on the Nazis and Hitler was completely different from the consequences of the later disagreement between Röhm and Hitler, and Rohm was cleaned up by Hitler's "night of the long knife" before he had time to rebel, and Stennes repeatedly called on Hitler, but he ended well.
Compared with his old classmate Goering, who was infinitely beautiful but eventually committed suicide by poisoning, how can he judge the fate of these two people? All of today's results come from choices you made many years ago, don't you?
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