Author: Forgotten in the rivers and lakes
Rewarding meritorious deeds and encouraging them in a positive direction has always been an effective means of administering the army.
After the founding of New China, it summed up the past, carried on the past and forged ahead into the future, and implemented the rank system with reference to the Soviet military model. In September 1955, a total of 10 marshals, 10 generals, 55 generals, 155 lieutenant generals, 798 major generals were selected, in addition to 1266 founding colonels.
Overall, the first award was done very well in terms of impartiality, comprehensiveness and representativeness.
However, due to the large number of participants and the complicated historical situation, it is inevitable that individual disputes will arise. For example, it was once rumored that Xu Shiyou and Liu Yalou competed for generals, Wang Jinshan competed for generals, and Zhong Wei, Duan Suquan and He Jinnian were awarded low titles.
Among the 1,266 founding colonels, there were five regular army-level cadres: Zhang Lixiong, Yin Xianbing, Liang Jinhua, Xiao Feng, and Liu Xuan. According to the rating of cadres at the regular army level, at least they should be awarded the rank of founding major general or lieutenant general, why are the five of them only awarded the rank of colonel?
The family has a difficult scripture, and the actual situation of these five founding colonels at the regular army level is different.
Founding Colonel Zhang Lixiong
1. Zhang Lixiong, political commissar of the 13th Army, is a historical reason
Zhang Lixiong, born in November 1913 in Shanghang, Fujian, is 109 years old.
Counting as the old Red Army, the old Eighth Route, and the old liberation, Zhang Lixiong has been in the party for 91 years and joined the Red Army for 90 years. Such a resume can fully be called a "living fossil" of our army. However, judging from the experience of various periods, Zhang Lixiong has always been a political cadre.
During the Red Army period, Zhang Lixiong served as an instructor of the 13th Division of the Fifth Red Army, and was later transferred to the machine gun company of the Red 34th Division as an instructor, and in February 1934 he was promoted to political commissar of the 100th Regiment. Two months later, Zhang Lixiong was transferred back to the Red 13th Division, and Hou Zhonghui took over as the regiment's political commissar. In the Battle of Xiangjiang, the Red 34th Division was completely destroyed, and only Han Wei and others survived.
Later, in the western march to the Hexi corridor, Zhang Lixiong served as the political commissar of the 45th Regiment of the Red 5th Army, and was seriously wounded in the battle of Gaotai, but fortunately was hidden at home by his fellow villagers, and later relied on short-term work, begging for food, and Lu Renli, commander of the cavalry regiment of the Red 5th Army, for one year before returning to Yan'an.
Zhang Lixiong's highest post during the Anti-Japanese War was director of the Political Department of the 7th Subdistrict of Taihang, and during the liberation period, he was the director of the Political Department of the Erye Special Column. Before being awarded, he was the political commissar of the 13th Army, which should generally be awarded the rank of major general, but due to the lack of witnesses in the Western Route Army after a year of escape, he was only awarded the rank of colonel.
History is fair, and Zhang Lixiong's problem was finally solved, and he was promoted to major general in 1961.
Yin Xianbing
2. Yin Xianbing, commander of the 16th Army, is a personal matter
Yin Xianbing, a native of Hanchuan, Hubei Province, served as the regimental chief of staff of the 2nd Red Army during the Red Army.
During the Anti-Japanese War, Yin Xianbing served as the chief of staff and regiment commander of the special services regiment of the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army, and later served as the commander of the new 11th brigade of the 129th division and the commander of the 1st subdistrict of Taihang, and later the famous Qin Jiwei was his deputy. During the liberation period, Yin Xianbing served as deputy commander of the 1st Column and commander of the 16th Army of the Jinji Luyu Field Army.
After the founding of New China, Yin Xianbing served as deputy commander of the Guizhou Military Region and took the lead in eliminating bandits in the great southwest.
In the later period of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the 16th Army, the first combined army of our army, made a small test and frightened the US military and accelerated the negotiation process. At the beginning of the award in 1952, all 11 commanders of Nino were tentatively awarded the rank of lieutenant general. However, Yoon Hyun-byung self-sabotaged his future due to personal problems and was demoted to colonel.
Yin Xianbing (first left) with his comrades-in-arms
Zhang Lixiong, Liang Jinhua, Xiao Feng, and Liu Xuan were promoted to major general in 1961, but Yin Xianbing always missed the general.
The first commander of the five major field armies of our army, 1 general, 3 generals and 2 lieutenant generals of 9 armies in one field; The 11 armies of Erye (including the 19th Army and the 58th Army) were all lieutenant generals except Yin Xianbing; 16 corps of Sanye, 10 lieutenant generals, 3 major generals; There are 18 corps in Shino, 7 generals, 5 lieutenant generals, and 3 major generals.
As the commander of the 16th Army, the main force of Erye, and the first combined army of our army, Yin Xianbing became a negative example.
Liang Jinhua
Third, Liang Jinhua, commander of the 24th Army, is "punished with two mistakes and punishments"
Liang Jinhua, a native of Miluo, Hunan Province, joined the revolution in 1927 at the age of 14.
During the Red Army period, Liang Jinhua served as the commander of the special services company of the 2nd Independent Division, the deputy battalion commander of the 54th Regiment of the 18th Red Division, the commander of the special services battalion of the headquarters of the Xiang-Hubei-Gan Military Region, and the leader of the special forces group. After the Long March, the main force of the Red Army, Liang Jinhua remained in the Soviet region and persisted in guerrilla warfare for three years.
During the Anti-Japanese Resistance, Liang Jinhua served as the commander of the 57th Regiment of the 7th Division of the New Fourth Army and the commander of the Southern Anhui Military Subdistrict. During the liberation period, Liang Jinhua's highest post was deputy commander of the 24th Army of the 8th Corps of Sanye. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he became the 4th commander of the 24th Army after Wang Bicheng, Pi Dingjun and Zhang Zhen.
However, Liang Jinhua's appointment as commander of the 24th Army was already after the end of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and in 1952 he was rated as deputy military rank.
According to the standards for awarding the rank of deputy army, it is normal to be awarded major general and colonel. As for the reason for the low award, one is that it was because of the aggressive behavior of treating prisoners under the 38th Line, and Liang Jinhua could not escape the blame. First, Liang Jinhua divorced his wife before the title was awarded, which caused a great impact.
Therefore, Liang Jinhua was awarded the rank of colonel because of work and family reasons. However, he was promoted to major general after 6 years.
Xiao Feng
4. Xiao Feng, acting commander of the 28th Army, is difficult to say
Xiao Feng, a native of Taihe, Jiangxi, was only 12 years old when he joined the Red Army in 1928.
During the Red Army period, Xiao Feng's highest post was regimental political commissar, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, his highest post was political commissar of the cavalry regiment of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army and deputy chief of staff of the Jin-Cha-Ji First Subdistrict, and the highest post during the liberation period was deputy commander and acting commander of the Sanye 28th Army. Before being awarded, he was the director of the 3rd Tank School.
Due to the defeat in the Battle of Kinmen, the word "generation" on Xiao Feng's head has not been removed, so he is a quasi-military cadre.
Therefore, at the time of the 1952 rating, Xiao Feng was actually only a quasi-military cadre, generally awarded the rank of major general. However, the impact of the Golden Gate fiasco was too far-reaching, so it was normal to be awarded a colonel. Similarly, Zheng Qigui, who lost the fifth campaign to resist US aggression and aid Korea, was awarded only colonel.
Defeat on the battlefield is an important reference indicator that caused Xiao Feng to only be awarded the title of colonel. However, victory or defeat is a common thing in soldiers, and in 1961, Xiao Feng was promoted to major general. Two years later, Zheng Qigui was also promoted to colonel. Considering that Zheng Qigui is a political cadre, it is normal that there is a gap between the evaluation and Xiao Feng.
Liu Xuan
5. Liu Xuan, a cadre of the "three-style eight," is not qualified enough
Unlike Zhang Lixiong, Yin Xianbing, Liang Jinhua, and Xiao Feng, Liu Xuan belongs to the "38-style cadres".
The so-called "38-style cadres" refer to cadres who did not experience the period of the agrarian revolution and joined the revolution only after the outbreak of the all-out war of resistance. The saying that "the Red Army does not go to colonel, and the anti-Japanese army does not go to general" is circulated, and the old Red Army is at least a major, and the general who participates in the revolution in the all-out war of resistance generally does not evaluate the general.
Liu Xuan, political commissar of the 60th Army from Zouping, Shandong, was an "anti-Japanese cadre", who joined the revolution in 1936, graduated from the Anwu youth training class in northern Shaanxi in 1937, and was assigned to the Taihang Military Region to engage in political work. During the liberation period, his highest post was the director of the political department of the 31st Division of the 11th Army of Erye. During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, he served as political commissar of the 31st Division of the 12th Army of the Chinese People's Volunteers.
Before the award, Liu Xuan served as the political commissar of the 60th Army, but in 1952 he was classified as a regular division, so the award of colonel met the regulations.
Similar to Liu Xuan, the founding colonel of the "38 Style" of the People's Republic of China, as well as Wang Meng, the Yan Zhao general who participated in the revolution in 1937, and Liu Zhenhua, the general of Qiluzhi, who participated in the revolution in 1938. However, Liu Xuan was promoted to major general in 1961, while Wang Meng and Liu Zhenhua were promoted to major general in 1964.
Wang Meng and Liu Zhenhua were also founding colonels of the "38th Style," who were better than Liu Xuan; Wang Meng served as political commissar of the Guangzhou Military Region, while Liu Zhenhua successively served as political commissar of the Shenyang Military Region and the Beijing Military Region. It can be seen that the conferral of titles is only a phased summary of the past revolutionary process, not the end.
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