The history of Nanhaizi has begun
before
Xiao Also told everyone the history of Yicheng
Everyone relished watching it
Today we continue wonderfully
Let's travel through the long river of time
Let's learn about the history of Kakumener
Corner door
In the forty-fourth year of Qianlong (1779), in order to make it easier for the seafarers who lived outside Haizi and worked in Haizi to enter and exit, the Qianlong Emperor took the opportunity of repairing the earthen wall of Haizi Wall to change the brick wall, in addition to moving the East Red Gate from the south bank of the Liangshui River to the north bank, thirteen small doors were opened on the newly built Haizi Wall, because it was closer to the four Haizi Corners, so it was called "Corner Gate". From the east of the North Red Gate, there are Zhazikoujiaomen' Er, MadaokouJiaomen'er, YangfangJiaomen'er, BijiawanJiaomen'er, Xintunjiaomen''er, FangxindianJiaomen'er, Datunjiaomen'er, Beidianjiaomen'er, Sanjianfangjiaomen'er, Liucunjiaomen'er, Gaomidianjiaomen'er, PanjiamiaoJiaomen'er and MajiapuJiaomen'er. The structure of these corner gates is very simple, only a small doorway, and the name is also attached to the name of the nearby place.
These corner gates of Nanhaizi have long disappeared into the dust of history in the early years of the Republic of China, with the collapse of the Haizi Wall. Most didn't even have a name left. Only the name of a corner gate in the northwest corner of Haizi was left: "Majiapu Corner Gate". Why is the name of this corner door left alone? This is inseparable from the important geographical location of Majiapu. Probably many people do not know that in history, there was a Majiapu railway station outside the Jiaomen of Majiapu, which is the oldest railway station in Beijing and the original starting and ending station in Beijing. Some people say that the earliest railway station in Beijing is not the Qianmen railway station? In fact, the Qianmen Railway Station was moved from Majiapu.
In the twenty-first year of Guangxu (1895), after fierce debate between the reformists and conservatives, it was finally decided to build the Tianjin-Lulu Railway from Tianjin to Lugou Bridge. In order to avoid the Royal Forbidden Garden Nanhaizi (南苑), the railway line design can only be from the south of Nanhaizi, west to Huangcun to Fengtai, and then from Fengtai to the branch line Dalugou Bridge. The ultimate goal of the Westerners was to get the train into Beijing, but it was strongly opposed by conservative forces led by Empress Dowager Cixi. They believed that the train entering the capital would destroy the royal feng shui, alarm the dragon qi, and break the dragon vein. In the end, the station could only be selected at Majiapu outside the northwest corner gate of Nanhaizi. In May of the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), the construction of Majiapu Railway Station officially began. The station was designed and supervised by the British and had a typical British style, but this left a curse for the future. After the completion of the railway station, it soon brought commercial development to the surrounding area of the station, where shops are lined up and goods stacks are dense. Driven by the station, Majiapu soon became the most prosperous area outside the Yongding Gate. Unfortunately, the good times did not last long, and in the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu (1900), the Boxer Rebellion broke out in the Zhili area. Under Empress Dowager Cixi's initial strategy of "fighting against the foreigners with one fist and promoting peace through war", the Boxers became more and more noisy against foreigners in the Beijing area, and they had reached an uncontrollable point. Because the Boxers believed that the Jinlu Railway was built by foreigners, the Jinlu Railway was destroyed with the cooperation of the local people. Eventually, groups of Boxers rushed to the Majiapu railway station, drizzled kerosene with dozens of bamboo brooms, and lit the station waiting building. Soon, the station building burned to the ground. This is the "burning of Western-style buildings" incident that shocked China and foreign countries.
After the Eight-Power Alliance invaded Beijing, the British used the strength of the victorious countries to extend the railway into the city, starting to build the Temple of Heaven first, and later extended to the Zhengyang Gate, which built the Qianmen Railway Station. The Majiapu railway station survived only four years. Although the Majiapu Railway Station lost its status as a terminal station in Beijing, in the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (1901), because Empress Dowager Cixi fled west to Luang was a train under here, it was once again beautiful.
In July of the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the Eight-Nation Alliance captured Beijing, and Empress Dowager Cixi fled to Xi'an with the Guangxu Emperor and his chancellor Canghuang. In July of the following year after a year of exile, the Qing government signed the Treaty of Xinugu with foreign powers. After the great powers withdrew from Beijing, Empress Dowager Cixi set off for Luang. This time, he returned to Luang and traveled through Shaanxi and Henan to Zhengding. Yuan Shikai, then the governor of Zhili, built more than thirty color tents here to welcome the driver. At Yuan Shikai's suggestion, Cixi agreed to enter Beijing by train. In this way, the train departed from Zhengding and arrived in Baoding, the governor's palace directly under the direct administration, for more than three hours. Because yuan shikai received well, Cixi stayed in Baoding for three full days. In the meantime, Cixi found someone to calculate that the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu (1902) at two o'clock in the afternoon of January 7 was the auspicious day of the zodiac returning to the palace, and made it clear that the only place to get off the bus was the Majiapu Railway Station.
Cixi was very afraid of missing the auspicious day of the zodiac, so she ignored the cold and cold, the road was slippery in the dark, and under the escort of the soldier's lantern torches, she arrived at the station at six o'clock in the morning. After the train started, it stopped in Zhuozhou for breakfast and arrived at Fengtai Railway Station, which is 7 kilometers away from Majiapu, at 11:00 a.m. on the seventh day. Since the railway from Fengtai to Majiapu was a "Jinlu Line" built by the British, the British proposed that the front of the train and crew must be changed at Fengtai Station under the pretext of ensuring the safety of the Chinese emperor. Cixi was most afraid of missing the auspicious time to return to the palace, but the British said that they would guarantee to arrive at the Majiapu Railway Station before twelve o'clock, and they would not let everyone get off, so Cixi could only agree.
At exactly twelve o'clock on the seventh day, the train arrived at the Majiapu Railway Station, which no longer looked like a station. Empress Dowager Cixi, the Guangxu Emperor, and others stepped out of the carriage and saw that the station had set up a tall colored tent, and all the officials in the capital went out to pick them up, and the streets along the way were full of kneeling courtiers. In the distance, there are also some foreigners watching the liveliness. Among them was an American couple who were doing business in China, Mr. and Mrs. A. Lide, who recorded cixi's return to Luang: "The station is full of bright yellow satin curtains. The platform is paved with red cloth and has some very cleverly designed sloped platforms with railings, apparently for easy getting off the bus. As soon as the royal special train arrived at the station, the platform was immediately overcrowded. The VIP carriage was parked right in front of us. Countless retinues poured out of the carriage first, and then a person came out of it, the Empress Dowager Cixi. Dressed in brightly embroidered robes, with a eunuch on each side holding her arms, she looked at ease without smiling. Her attendants seemed to want her to get off the platform, but Cixi did not want to, did not move, so she stood motionless on the railway platform until a railway official caught up from somewhere breathlessly, and did not wear a hat, and bowed deeply to her, and Cixi was satisfied. She immediately sat in a palanquin that was only slightly smaller than the emperor's use, and quickly carried it away. ”
Undoubtedly, this time Cixi Huiluan got off at Majiapu, adding a heavy stroke to this place. However, the Majiapu railway station eventually disappeared. The name of Majiapu Jiaomen'er occupies and represents the entire Majiapu area, in order to shout for trouble, the three words "Majiapu" are omitted by shouting, and it is directly called "Jiaomen'er". A few years ago, Metro Line 10 was completed and opened to traffic, where Jiaomen East Station and Jiaomen West Station were set up, in addition, Metro Line 4 and Line 10 also intersected and interchanged at Jiaomen West Station, it seems that among the thirteen Jiaomen of Nanhaizi, the only place name of Jiaomen'er that exists should continue to be passed on.
END
Text: Zhang Youcai
Intern: Cheng Kexun
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