Recently, people have been discussing the proposition of how talented young people should get along with society and how they should deal with themselves after repeatedly hitting a wall. Since ancient times, "heavenly jealousy of talents" seems to be a very "magical" proverb, and many high-level literati often have short lifespans.
Some of those geniuses who are famous early in the world died suddenly because of the catastrophe from heaven, and some of them were depressed and withdrew because their ambitions in life were rarely displayed; Others aggravated their illness and eventually died prematurely. In any case, their short lives have become the past of future generations to hang and sigh. Their stories may provide some inspiration and clues to answer the previous questions.
Young fame descends from heaven
In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (675), Liu Xiyi, a native of Ruzhou (present-day Ruzhou, Henan), entered high school, and was still under the age of 26 at the time, which was more than anyone else. This young talent who "rarely has Wenhua" and "shoots with a literary name" has a sensitive heart, so that the meteorological and heroic Tang Dynasty still has such a gentle poet as Liu Xiyi.
One day, Liu Xiyi Xu heard the story of a dismal life after the aging of a woman who was once gorgeous, Xu was sad because the spring flowers were gone, and Liu Xiyi, who is good at the poetry of sorrow, intoned such a sentence: "This year's flowers fall in color, who will fall next year?" In this way we chant the feeling of loneliness. This loneliness did not arise suddenly, it had plagued Liu Xiyi for a long time. Liu Xiyi is good at palace poetry, gorgeous and sentimental, similar to the poetry of Qi Liang nearly a hundred years ago, and deeply understood its purpose, but this style is disdained by the meteorological grandeur of the Tang Dynasty literati.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the unified Central Plains Dynasty made the vast majority of poets full of spirit, they were tired of the pomp and extravagance of Qi Liang Yanqu, and they preferred the heroic weather and wind bones. This kind of atmosphere almost surrounded the entire Sheng Tang Dynasty, and when Chen Ziang shouted out the slogan of "Bone Qi Duan Xiang, Sound Sentiment, Guang Ying Lang Practice, and Golden Stone Voice" in the "Preface to the Cultivation of Bamboo with the Oriental Zuo Shi Qi", such an atmosphere officially became the mainstream of the times.
In the torrent of the times, Liu Xiyi is lonely. Still, he chanted intently about the flower, the woman. A good sentence has come out, Liu Xiyi paused, he felt inappropriate. Shi Zai Liu Xiyi repented: "My poem is like a slur, how is it different from Shi Chong's 'white head is the same as the same place'? For Liu Xiyi, the problem similar to the previous verses can be solved in a flash, and he paused slightly, writing: "Years and years are similar, and years and years are different." This sentence was pronounced, if there were other people's words next to him, it would be a surprise, but Liu Xiyi hesitated and sighed: "This sentence seems to be a repetition." ”
For Caizi, the most reluctant thing is the good sentence, even if the two good sentences have some "Wei Wei words" tone, Liu Xiyi is still not willing to cut love, Wu Zi said: "But life and death have a fate, will it be repeated!" So he left both of them behind. This stay left Liu Xiyi's most brilliant stroke in the long river of poetry and time, but also left a foreshadowing for the turning point of his life.
As soon as the good sentence came out, it made Song Zhiqing, who was also a talented man, love it very much. Although he was a few years younger than Liu Xiyi, according to his generation, Song Zhiqing was Liu Xiyi's uncle. Song Zhiqing knew that Liu Xiyi's "Bald Tou Weng Yong" (a work "Dai Bai Tou Wong") had not yet been circulated, so he asked Liu Xiyi for this sentence. According to the "Biography of Tang Caizi", Liu Xiyi's attitude changed, and he "promised not to agree". First agreed, then repented. Perhaps it was this "rebellion" that caused Song Zhiqing's dissatisfaction, perhaps it was the ancient lightness of the same literati, or perhaps it was the jealousy caused by the talent of the world, according to legend, Song Zhiqing was so angry that he "angered himself", and finally ordered his own slaves to crush Liu Xiyi to death with an earthen bag, at this time Liu Xiyi was only 29 years old.
When Liu Xiyi struggled with the suffocating feeling caused by the oppression of the loess soil, whether he regretted it because of his "one-word proverb", posterity may not know. According to Wen Yiduo's "Miscellaneous Treatises on Tang Poetry", those who interpreted this story felt that Liu Xiyi's poetic words had come true, because Liu Xiyi "leaked the heavenly opportunity".
It is true that "the flowers are similar from year to year, but the years are different from year to year" is indeed an eternal truth: nature is eternal and people are easy to wither. However, if it is said that he was "condemned by heaven" because of his realization of "cosmic consciousness", I am afraid that it is unfairness - the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu also wrote in his poems that can rise to the philosophical level, "poems in poetry" "Spring River Flower Moon Night" has clouds: "Who on the riverbank first sees the moon, and when does the river moon shine at the beginning of the year?" The generations of life are infinite, and Jiang Yue is only similar every year. Zhang Ruoxu realized the eternity of the "moon" in the poem, and further realized that human society will also multiply from generation to generation and spiral evolution, and Zhang Ruoxuan, who also awakened the consciousness of the universe, lived to the age of 87. Later generations can only sigh that if there is no disaster from heaven, I don't know what kind of good words the genius Liu Xiyi can still chant.
Perhaps more worthy of being a teenager than Liu Xiyi was Wang Bo, the head of the Four Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty, but four years before Liu Xiyi's death, Wang Bo had died (about 676). Unlike Liu Xiyi's sentimentality, Wang Bo's poetry is strong and optimistic. Wang Bo was a young man who won his ambition and lost his ambition at a young age: he first entered the palace to serve in the palace, but because he wrote a "Chicken of the King of Tangying" in a playful tone, he angered Emperor Gaozong of Tang and traveled south to Shuzhong. After that, he joined the army in Yuzhou, but according to legend, because he hid the official slaves who committed the capital crime, and feared that the matter would be exposed, he was punished, and finally killed the hidden official slaves. After the incident, he should have been condemned according to the law, but when the world granted amnesty, only to remove him from his official position, Wang Bo's father was implicated in this matter and moved to the county order.
Wang Bo went to visit his father, and on the way passed the Tengwang Pavilion that had just been repaired, Wang Bo went to pay homage to the governor of the capital, Yan Boyu, who asked Wang Bo to compose a poem to help him rejoice, and Wang Bo gladly held up a wine glass to the guests, and immediately on the "Tengwang Pavilion Poem" and the "Preface to the Tengwang Pavilion", the text was not added, and there was still a sentence in the sentence: "Ruan is rampant, and it is not a cry of exhaustion", which is high and upward. But on the way later, Wang Bo drowned at the age of twenty-nine. According to legend, Wang Bo once met a stranger and looked at him, saying that Wang Bo "has strong bones and weak bones, pure qi, a weak brain, incomplete eyes, and no great nobility." It is a little ridiculous to think that the remarks of this Xiangshi are really real and slang compared to Liu Xiyi's poems.
He died of depression
People in ancient times often believed that appearance and fate had a subtle connection, for example, Zhang Liang in the Han Dynasty was predicted to have a turbulent fate because of his excessively beautiful appearance and male and female appearances. Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty was also predicted to be "no great nobility" because of his appearance, and the same Tang poet Li He, who died young, also had a peculiar appearance, according to records, Li He was "thin and thin, with eyebrows, long fingers and claws". It is said that in order to ensure the safety of his children, Li He's father, Li Jinsu, named him "He" (何), with the word Changji (長吉) in order to seek blessings.
Even with such a name full of auspicious meaning, Li He's fate was not smooth, and his initial disappointment was related to his father's name. According to the ancient avoidance of secrecy, Li He was not allowed to enter the army. Because the word "jin" in the title "jinshi and the first" title, which is an important qualification and label for life and career, is in harmony with the word "jin" in its father's name.
According to Li He's family lineage, after being a royal family, he could live a plain and normal life even if he was not a scholar. But the world's affairs are often bumpy in the way that talented people can't get what they deserve. When Li He was seven years old, he had already moved the name of Jingshi with his own articles: Han Yu and Huang Fuxiang, as leaders in the literary world, read Li He's articles and were impressed by his literary talents, and were amazed, but a trace of hesitation flashed in his words: "If the author is an ancient, we may not know because we have not learned enough, if it is written by today's people, how can we not know this person!" ”
The two went to Li He's house and asked each other to come out and write poems. 7-year-old Li He came out with two buns on his head and two horn-like buns, and he was still wearing lotus-like clothes. He happily took the lives of the two literary giants, and wrote "Gao Xuan Guo" without anyone around. Poetry: "The Chinese croft is woven as green as an onion, and the golden ring is exquisitely shaken." The hooves of the horse rumbled in the ears, and the horse gas under the entrance was like a rainbow... I am now hanging my wings and attaching myself to the underworld, and he is not ashamed to be a snake and a dragon every day. Han Yu and Huang Fuxiang were so shocked that they let Li He ride on his horse and return with them, personally untying two horns for Li He and tying his hair (in ancient times, the hair bun symbolized the man's adulthood) to reward his literary talent.
The above is one of the legends of Li Hezhi, and perhaps a little untrue, but the account in the Chronicle of Tang Poetry is more reliable: around the third year of Yuan He (808), Han Yu, as a doctor of the Guozijian, went to Luoyang, and Li He went to pay homage to his work "Yanmen Taishouxing". Han Yu, who had been receiving guests for a day, was very tired and untied his clothes and prepared to rest. At this moment, Menzi presented a volume of poems, and Han Yu held the scroll of poems in his hand, swept through his eyes, and was deeply attracted by the opening sentence "Black clouds suppress the city and want to destroy, and the light of the armor opens to the moon and golden scales". The moon under the dark clouds emitted a dim light, but it shone brightly on the warrior's armor. A picture of soldiers approaching the city and the great war approaching unfolds before our eyes.
Han Yu immediately tied up his clothes and invited the person who sent the poem scroll in, and it was Li He who came. Originally, with this exchange, Li He, who had already made a name for himself with his literary talents, wanted to take the exam without a problem, but because of the "avoidance" mentioned above, Li He was never able to take the entrance examination. Han Yu also wrote a special article "Debate" for his grievances. Finally, because Li He was a disciple of the clan and had both his father's shadow and Han Yu's strong recommendation, he was appointed as the Jiupin Xiao official Feng Lilang. Three years later, Li He, who had no hope of promotion, returned to his hometown and wrote "Thirteen Songs of the South Garden" here, one of which reads: "Why don't boys take Wu Hook and collect Guanshan Fifty Prefectures." Please go to Ling Yan Pavilion for the time being, if a scholar is a scholar and a thousand households? The heroic weather revealed in the poem is undoubtedly related to the national fortunes of the Tang Dynasty, the country is weakening, the warlords are divided, and even if the body is as weak as Li He, he also hopes to make a name for himself by immediately making a name for himself.
However, the world could not be as Li He wished, the literary talent was outstanding but could not embark on the career path, he wanted to go through the martial arts Kuang Fu Sheji but was physically weak and could not go to the battlefield, finally, the depressed Li He came to the end of his life. According to historical records, when Li He was about to die, he suddenly saw a man dressed in red during the day, riding a red dragon, holding a board, and the text on it resembled the ancient seal book, saying that Li He had been summoned to leave.
At that time, Li He was already seriously ill and could not read the words on the board, so he prostrated his head and said, "Ami is old and sick, and He does not want to go." The red-robed man smiled and said, "The Heavenly Emperor has built the White Jade Building, and he wants to summon the Emperor to make a record." Life in heaven is not painful at all. Li He wept bitterly alone, and after a while he lost his temper at the age of 26.
Now it seems that this statement is too mysterious, but it is precisely because Li He has too high talent and suffered too much unfair treatment in the short life process, and posterity has performed this brilliant exit finale for Li He in order to make up for his tragic life.
The Lord fell to death but sinned against Himself
There is an early precedent for Li He, who was depressed and depressed and finally fell ill, among which Jia Yi of the Han Dynasty was also young and famous. Unlike Li He, Jia Yi, who became famous as a teenager, was initially smooth sailing. According to the "Biography of Qu Yuan Jia Shenglie" in the "Records of History", Jia Yi was a native of Luoyang (Luoyang, Henan, which was called Luoyang in ancient times) and at the age of 18 he was "known in the county for being able to recite poems". At that time, Henan Taishou heard of his talent, so he recruited Jia Yi to his door, which was very important. Emperor Xiaowen of Han (i.e., Emperor Wen of Han) heard that Henan Taishou was good at political affairs, so he recruited him as a court lieutenant. Wu Tingwei did not forget his protégé Jia Yi and recommended Jia Yi to the emperor, saying that although he was young, he was quite familiar with the books of the Hundred Families, and Emperor Wen recruited Jia Yi as a doctor.
At that time, Jia Yi was in his early twenties, the youngest of all the doctors. Whenever Emperor Wen issued an edict to order people to discuss, the old gentlemen were often slow and speechless. But the young Jia Yi was able to make a big splash, and the answer was like a stream, and Zhu Yu was in front, attracting others to speak freely, and others praised Jia Yi's talent. Emperor Wen was very happy to see that the young doctor was so capable, so he "promoted Jia Yi by leaps and bounds" and promoted Jia Yi to the post of Taizhong Doctor within a year.
In the words of posterity, he has such achievements, in the words of posterity, "the spring wind is proud of the horseshoe disease", and Jia Yi's motivation is even stronger. In the twentieth year of Emperor Wen's reign, Jia Yi believed that the world was already harmonious and harmonious, and it was necessary to correct the differences in the previous Lü Hou's reign. Therefore, it prepared "Zhengshuo, easy to wear colors, legal system, official names, and rejoicing", and drafted legal documents for these policies. Holding a high position but still thinking of making progress, and wholeheartedly planning for the emperor and realizing his political ambitions, Emperor Xiaowen once again prepared to promote Jia Yi and promote him to the rank of secretary of state. This move aroused the antipathy of the vested interest class, and they all secretly hated Jia Yi in their hearts, so they entered the rumor and said: "This child from Luoyang is not only young, but also single-minded in exercising power and messing things up. ”
Perhaps to balance the parties, perhaps to be suspicious, the end result was that Emperor Wen of Han gradually alienated Jia Yi, no longer adopted Jia Yi's proposal, and made Jia Yi the Prince of Changsha. The emperor's order could not be violated, and Jia Yi had to resign and go to his post. However, at that time, the southern land was still barbaric, and Jia Yi deeply felt that Changsha was wet, and he was afraid that it would be difficult to adapt to it, "life cannot be long", and he was depressed. While crossing the Xiang River, he wrote "Hanging Qu Yuan Fu". Qu Yuan was also a nobleman, and was also alienated by the emperor because of rumors, and Jia Yi was here, as if he had crossed time and space to find his predecessor or confidant. Its endowment reads: "Construct Xiang Liuxi, honor Mr. Hanging." To be deceived by the world is to be a fallen body. Whoops, the timing is ominous! The birds and phoenixes swooped down, and the owls soared. Humble and revered; The sage is dragging backwards, and the square is upside down..." The sadness and resentment in it can be seen.
After Jia Yi had been the Prince of Changsha for more than four years, he visited Emperor Wen, and Emperor Wen consulted Jia Yi about ghosts and gods, and Jia Yi came to talk about what he knew one by one, and talked until midnight, and Emperor Wen sighed: "I haven't seen Jia Sheng for a long time, I think I have overdone it, and now I can't do it." (I haven't seen Jia Sheng for a long time, I thought that I had surpassed you, and today I found out that I was still inferior to you)! Finally, Emperor Wen changed his mind and worshiped Jia Sheng as his most beloved young son, Prince Huai of Liang. Emperor Wen's original intention was to find a good teacher for his beloved son, but also to compensate Jia Yi, at this time, neither of them knew that this official was the beginning of the tragedy.
Jia Yi thought that he had regained his grace, and that Emperor Wen had again obeyed his words, and who knew that in the matter of satirizing Emperor Wen and then sealing all four of the princes of Huainan Li as marquises, Emperor Wen once again did not heed Jia Yi's advice that "it is not an ancient system, but it can be slightly reduced". A few years later, King Huai of Liang rode a horse and died, dying without heirs, Jia Yi was very remorseful, thinking that he was derelict in his duties, crying bitterly for more than a year, and died depressed, only thirty-three years old.
But things change
The deaths of Liu Xiyi, Wang Bo, Li He, and Jia Yizhi were mostly unfavorable in the sky, unfavorable in geography, or people and inadequate, but the death of the Qing Dynasty talent Nalan Zhide made posterity even more lamentable. Naran Zhide is a Narasimha people, originally named Chengde and the character Rongruo. According to the Qing imperial custom, most male children learned to ride and shoot at an early age. It didn't take long for Naranjan to be able to work on the Moon. In the fourteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1675), he entered the Naran Sex High School at the age of sixteen.
The Kangxi Emperor ordered Naran Sex De to give Qian Qingmen to produce poetry, and Naran Sex De was completed extremely neatly, and everyone who heard of it praised it as good. Soon after, Nalanda fell ill in the late spring of that year, and the emperor was supposed to go out to escape the summer, but still sent the imperial doctor to treat him, and the special imperial doctor would report once Nalanda's condition improved. Who knows, the sick Naran Sex De gets together with his friends and drinks and chants. Perhaps it was the drinking that catalyzed Naran's illness, and after this reunion, Narande fell ill. Seven days later, he died of illness in the twenty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1685), at the age of thirty-one.
In his short life, he left more than 300 poems and works, of which "Sauvignon Blanc" was relished by posterity: "A journey from the mountains, a journey by water, a journey to the bank of Yuguan, a thousand tent lights in the middle of the night." The wind is more, the snow is more, the dream of the broken hometown is not successful, and there is no such sound in the old garden. "The true emotion in it is very deep, and the night of the wind and snow, the feeling of being far away from the hometown and anxious homesickness, is naturally revealed, which is vivid and touching." Wang Guowei praised Naran's poem: "Look at things with the eyes of nature, and speak with the tongue of nature." When he first entered the Central Plains, he did not touch the Han Chinese customs, and since the Northern Song Dynasty, he was only one person. ”
In fact, looking at these genius literati who died early, it is not difficult to find that geniuses such as Liu Xiyi always get such comments: "Not valued by the people of the time." Or: "The posture is out of step with the times, so it is not important." And Wang Bo is also always difficult to stretch his ambitions. Although these two people both died in the catastrophe of heaven, in addition to this disaster, it was more unacceptable to the mainstream culture of the society at that time. As for Li He and Jia Yi, they were both resentful because of long-term depression, and both died young. Although Naran was healthy when he was young, he drank alcohol during his illness and died suddenly. Ordinary people are in the world, and it is difficult to dispel unevenness, and these geniuses whose talents are above ordinary people are more resentful because of the huge gap between their high talents and their encounters.
It is true that talented people deserve a stage to show off, but when the torrent moves forward, even the most talented people are still like grasshoppers shaking trees in the face of this situation. "Lao Tzu" has clouds: "Heaven and earth are not kind, and all things are dogs." "Perhaps in the time of the time and place and when there is no one, it is better to retreat from the rapids and wait for the opportunity."